Chapter 11 – Part 4
The Cardiovascular System
Major Arteries
 Be able to identify the following 15 arteries:
 Aorta – Largest
artery of the body
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Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
 Coronary arteries
 Carotid arteries
 Brachial artery
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Renal artery
Axillary artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Major Arteries of Systemic Circulation
Major Veins
 Be able to identify the following 18 veins:
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Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Jugular veins
Renal vein
Femoral vein
Great saphenous
vein
 Popliteal vein
 Anterior tibial vein
 Fibular vein
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Iliac vein
Cephalic vein
Brachial vein
Basilic vein
Radial vein
Ulnar vein
Axillary vein
Great cardiac vein
Hepatic portal vein
Major Veins of Systemic Circulation
Arterial Supply of the Brain
 A continuous supply to the brain is crucial,
since a lack of blood flow for even a few
minutes causes the delicate brain cells to die.
 Supplied by two pairs of arteries: the carotid
arteries and the vertebral arteries.
 Has a complete circle of connecting blood
vessels called the Circle of Willis, which
surrounds the base of the brain.
 Provides more than one route for blood to
reach brain tissue in case of a clot or
impaired blood flow anywhere in the system.
Arterial Supply of the Brain
Hepatic Portal Circulation
 Hepatic Portal Vein
 Drain the digestive organs,
spleen, and pancreas
 Deliver this blood to the liver
 Liver - Key organ involved in
maintaining the proper glucose, fat, and protein
concentrations in the blood
 Blood “takes a detour” through the liver
 Some of the nutrients in the blood are removed or
processed
 Veins feed into the liver
Circulation to the Fetus
 Since the lungs and
digestive system are not
yet functioning in a fetus,
all nutrient, excretory,
and gas exchanges
occur through the
placenta.
 Nutrients and oxygen
move from the mother’s
blood into the fetal blood
 Fetal wastes move from
the fetal blood to the
mother’s blood
Circulation to the Fetus
 The umbilical cord
contains three blood
vessels:
 One large umbilical
vein – carries blood
rich in nutrients and
oxygen to the fetus
 Two smaller umbilical
arteries – carries CO2
and debris-laden
blood from the fetus to
the placenta
Circulation to the Fetus
Circulation to the Fetus
 As blood flows towards the heart of the fetus:
 It bypasses the immature liver and the
nonfunctional and collapsed lungs
 It enters the right atrium of the heart
 Some of the blood entering the right atrium is
shunted directly into the left atrium through the
foramen ovale, a flaplike opening in the
interatrial septum.
 The aorta carries blood to the tissues of the
fetal body and ultimately back to the placenta
through the umbilical arteries
Circulation to the Fetus
 At birth, or shortly
after, the foramen
ovale closes.
 As blood stops flowing
through the umbilical
vessels, they become
obliterated, and the
circulatory pattern
becomes that of an
adult.