Los Angeles Pierce College
Nursing 407 Class Schedule and Topics
Spring 2016
Unit
Week
Date
1
1
2/10/16
Content and Key Concepts
THE ESSENTIALS OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
A. Introduction: Principles of Gerontology and Geriatrics;
Nutrition
Meet Mr. Kennedy
Key Points:
1. Definitions of geriatrics and gerontology.
2. Myths associated with the idea of aging.
3. Common characteristics of centenarians.
4. Historical influences on gerontological nursing.
5. Principles and goals of gerontological nursing.
6. Demographics of the aging population in the United States.
7. Subset of older adults.
8. Characteristics of baby boomers.
9. Accomplishments and resources of the elderly.
10. The effects of chronic disease on the aging process.
11. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and implications
for promoting health in the elderly.
12. Leading causes of and effects of disability in the elderly.
13. Benefits of healthy aging.
14. Definition and goals of Healthy People 2020.
15. Definition of senescence.
16. Homeostasis and homeostenosis.
17. Biological, genetic, psychological, and sociological theories of
aging.
18. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns and care of the elderly
adult.
19. Criteria for selecting appropriate nursing interventions for
the older adult.
20. Recommended Health Screenings/Interventions for Older
Persons.
21. Major physiological changes of aging.
22. Purpose and use of the Katz Index.
23. Major nutrition-related changes associated with aging.
Reading
Tabloski Chapters 1, 5
Activities Due
Due today:
Refer to
Syllabus
Course
Objectives
1, 3, 14
Syllabus
Acknowledgment
form
Reading Quiz
Due next week:
Critical Thinking
Homework,
Principles of
Gerontology;
Nutrition
17
2
2/17/16
24. Dehydration risk factors, resulting symptoms and strategies
to prevent dehydration in the elderly.
25. Effects on nutrition of common medications and their
potential adverse effects.
26. Components of the Tufts Modified MyPlate for Older Adults
and its unique characteristics.
27. Recommended dietary adjustments in the care of the older
adult.
28. Causes, consequences and treatment of unintentional
weight loss.
29. Pertinent nursing diagnoses associated with nutritional
concerns.
30. QSEN standards of nutrition.
B. Pharmacology; Psychological and Cognitive Function
Key Points:
1. Physiological changes affecting pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics in the elderly client.
2. Adverse drug effects/reactions specific to the elderly and
their common manifestations.
3. Predicting renal function in the elderly.
4. Potential causes of and methods to prevent polypharmacy.
5. Interactions between drugs and common herbal
preparations and OTC medications.
6. Drugs that should be used cautiously in the elderly.
7. Goals of medications regimens in the older adult.
8. Purpose of medication reconciliation process.
9. Alternative to medication use in common problems in the
elderly.
10. Principles of “gradual dose reduction.”
11. The Beers’ criteria for potentially inappropriate drugs in
older adults.
12. OBRA legislation regarding medication use for
institutionalized older adults.
13. Guidelines for reviewing the appropriateness of a medication
for an older adult.
14. Indications for the use of anxiolytic medications.
15. Guidelines for drug safety at home and in institutions.
16. Strategies for interviewing the older adult about his or her
medication usage.
17. Identification of mental health disorders in the older adult.
18. Description of normal or natural changes in cognition in the
Tabloski Chapters 6, 7
Reading Quiz
1, 2, 3, 6, 7,
9, 12, 14
Choose your
Gerontological
Nursing Case
Study
Critical Thinking
Homework:
Gerontology and
Nutrition
18
3
2/24/16
2
4
3/2/16
older adult.
19. Suggested methods of coping with age-related changes in
cognition.
20. Erikson’s theories of aging personalities.
21. Signs of poor adaptation to stress in the elderly.
22. Prevalence of personality and psychotic disorders in the
older adult.
23. Components of well-being in the older adult and how they
are affected by life events.
24. Factors that can affect the grieving process.
25. Indications of negative effects of stress in the older adult.
26. Nursing actions for working with the elderly adult with high
stress levels.
27. Manifestations of depression in the older adult.
28. Nursing assessment of depression using the Geriatric
Depression Scale (short form).
29. Incidence of suicide in the elderly population.
30. Risk factors for alcoholism in the elderly adult.
31. Nursing assessment of alcoholism using the Short Michigan
Alcoholism Screening Test.
32. Principles for conducting psychological assessment of the
older adult.
33. Medications commonly used to treat depression in the
elderly adult.
34. Nursing diagnoses related to the nutrition and mental health
of the elderly adult.
35. QSEN standards of mental health.
Unit 1 Exam
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE CARE OF THE ELDERLY CLIENT: SKIN AND SENSATION,
GENITOURINARY AND RENAL SYSTEMS
C. Skin, Sensation
FHP Nutritional/Metabolic
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Excess/Deficient Fluid Volume;
Impaired Skin Integrity; Pressure Ulcer
FHP Cognitive/Perceptual
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Acute/Chronic Pain; Disturbed
Sensory Perception
Critical Thinking
Homework:
Cognitive
Function and
Pharmacology
Tabloski Chapters 12, 14
Reading Quiz
2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
12
Submit Case
Study Diagnoses
with Subjective
and Objective
Behaviors
19
Key Points:
1. Review of structure and function of the following: skin and
accessory structures, eye, ear.
2. Normal age related changes in the integumentary system.
3. Risks associated with normal age related changes in the
integumentary system.
4. Common medications associated with sun sensitivity.
5. Distinguishing characteristics of: seborrheic keratosis; actinic
keratosis; basal cell carcinoma; and, squamous cell
carcinoma.
6. Categories of skin tears.
7. Stages and guidelines for nursing management of pressure
ulcers.
8. Causes of tissue breakdown, particularly in the elderly adult.
9. Use of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk.
10. Laboratory values used to determine risk for pressure ulcers.
11. Identification of cellulitis in the elderly adult.
12. Interventions for the management of cellulitis in the elderly
adult.
13. Identification of fingernail and toenail conditions commonly
seen in the elderly adult.
14. Nursing diagnoses appropriate to the older adult with
disturbances in the skin.
15. Laboratory values useful in determining the elderly client’s
risk for pressure ulcer.
16. Teaching guidelines related to skin care in the elderly client.
17. Teaching points for the elderly client in maintaining eye
health.
18. Normal age related changes in the eye of the elderly adult.
19. The effect of light sensitivity in the elderly adult’s visual
abilities.
20. Visual disturbance side effects of drugs commonly used in
the elderly population.
21. Risk factors for and identification of age-related macular
degeneration (ARMD) in the elderly client.
22. Risk factors for and identification of cataracts in the elderly
client.
23. Risk factors for and identification of glaucoma in the elderly
client.
24. Potential adverse effects of ophthalmic solutions commonly
used by the elderly population.
20
5
3/9/16
25. Nursing diagnoses associated with visual impairment.
26. Normal age-related changes in the ear.
27. Common methods and precautions for removal of cerumen
from the ear canal of the elderly adult.
28. Assessing the working condition of a hearing aid.
29. Suggested treatment methods for tinnitus.
30. Potential adverse effects on hearing by medications
commonly used by the elderly population.
31. Nursing interventions to use when speaking to a hearing
impaired individual.
32. Nursing diagnoses associated with hearing impairment.
33. Medical conditions affecting taste
34. Drugs affecting taste.
35. Potential causes of xerostomia.
36. Medical and nursing management of xerostomia.
37. Implications of a decrease in tactile sensation in the elderly
adult.
38. Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions associated with
skin and sensation problems in the elderly client.
39. QSEN standards of the integument.
D. Genitourinary and Renal Systems
FHP Elimination
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Impaired Urinary Elimination;
Urinary Incontinence (Type); Urinary Retention
FHP Nutritional/Metabolic
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Imbalance Fluid Volume (Excess,
Deficient)
Key Points:
1. Review of structure and function of the genitourinary and
renal systems.
2. Normal age-related changes affecting the genitourinary and
renal systems.
3. Differences between acute and chronic renal failure in older
adults.
4. Causes of renal failure in the older adult.
5. Symptoms of renal failure in the older adult.
6. Symptoms of UTI in the older adult.
7. Treatment of UTI in the older adult.
8. Types and causes of urinary incontinence (UI).
9. Potential causes of new onset urinary incontinence.
10. Treatments for specific types of urinary incontinence.
Tabloski Chapter 17
Reading Quiz
2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
12
Critical Thinking
Homework: Skin
and Sensation
21
6
3/16/16
3
7
3/23/26
11. Symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the older
adult male.
12. Possible (a) surgical and (b) medical treatments of BPH.
13. Potential risks and benefits of hormone replacement
therapy.
14. Recommendations for cervical cancer and breast cancer
screening in the older adult female.
15. Specific concerns for sexual expression of the older adult
residing in long-term care.
16. Potential causes of erectile dysfunction in the older adult
male.
17. Potential treatments for erectile dysfunction.
18. Teaching guidelines for the family and elderly client with a
genitourinary disorder.
19. Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions associated with
genitourinary problems in the elderly client.
20. QSEN standards of genitourinary and renal systems.
21. Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medications
Unit 2 Exam
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE CARE OF THE ELDERLY CLIENT: CARDIOVASCULAR AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
E. Cardiovascular
FHP Activity/Exercise
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Activity Intolerance; Fatigue; SelfCare Deficit (Type); Decreased Cardiac Output; Ineffective
Tissue Perfusion
Key Points:
1. Review of structure, function, anatomy and of the heart,
valves, conduction system, and the circulatory related
pathophysiology and pertinent components of function.
2. Components of the normal electrocardiogram and purpose
of the electrocardiogram.
3. Normal age related changes in the cardiovascular system in
the elderly adult.
4. The concepts of compensation among body systems in
cardiovascular function in the elderly client.
5. Lifestyle recommendations for the elderly patient with a
cardiovascular problem.
6. The concepts of preload, afterload, and contractility.
Critical Thinking
Homework:
GU/Renal
Tabloski Chapter 15
Reading quiz
2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
12
Submit Case
Study Desired
Outcomes/Goals
with Revised
Diagnoses
22
7.
8
9
3/30/16
3/314/10/16
10
4/13/16
Atypical presentation of cardiac symptoms in the elderly
adult.
8. Classification of blood pressure and screening guidelines.
9. Basic teaching points for the elderly adult prescribed blood
pressure medication.
10. Key points of the JNC 8 report.
11. Definitions of primary hypertension and secondary
hypertension.
12. Potential causes of hypotension in the elderly adult.
13. Categories of hyperlipidemia.
14. Characteristics of metabolic syndrome and the diagnosis of
metabolic syndrome.
15. Causes and types of chest pain in the elderly adult.
16. Symptoms of heart disease particular to the elderly adult
female.
17. Diagnostic findings consistent with myocardial infarction.
18. Complications of myocardial infarction.
19. Indications for and contraindications to anticoagulation
therapy.
20. Categories of common valvular disorders occurring in the
older adult.
21. Characteristics of heart failure.
22. Clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure.
23. Clinical manifestations of right-sided heart failure.
24. Common dysrhythmia and its treatment in the elderly
25. Nursing diagnoses for the elderly adult with disorder(s) of
the cardiovascular system.
26. QSEN standards of the cardiovascular system.
27. Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medications.
No Class!
Spring Break!
F.
Respiratory
FHP Activity/Exercise
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Activity Intolerance; Fatigue; Self-
Tabloski Chapter 16
Reading quiz
2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
12
23
Care Deficit (Type); Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation;
Ineffective Airway Clearance; Ineffective Breathing Pattern;
Impaired Gas Exchange; Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
Key Points:
1. Review of structure and function of components of the
respiratory system including bronchi, alveoli, mediastinum,
and bronchioles.
2. Normal age-related changes affecting the respiratory system.
3. Age-related changes in other physiological systems that can
affect pulmonary function.
4. Lifestyle recommendations for the elderly patient with a
respiratory problem.
5. Common methods of assessing the respiratory system.
6. Identification of lung volumes.
7. Use and purpose of peak flow machines.
8. Clinical manifestations of asthma.
9. Comparison of signs and symptoms of asthma, chronic
bronchitis, COPD, and heart failure.
10. Significance of nocturnal dyspnea occurring in the elderly
adult as a diagnostic symptom.
11. Goals of medical therapy for asthma control.
12. System focused medications: inhaled corticosteroid therapy;
short acting β2-agonists; long acting β2-agonists.
13. Principles of teaching an elderly adult in using an inhaler
and/or a spacer.
14. Medications with increased potential for adverse effects in
the older adult with asthma.
15. Pathophysiology of COPD.
16. Manifestations of COPD: chronic bronchitis and
emphysema.
17. Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
18. “Typical” progression of COPD.
19. Treatment goals for managing patients with COPD.
20. Medications used to treat older patients with COPD.
21. Interventions for elderly patients with end-stage COPD.
22. Description and presenting symptoms of the “Pink Puffer”
and the “Blue Bloater.”
23. Incidence and treatment of TB in the elderly.
24. Incidence and treatment of lung cancer in the elderly.
25. Atypical presentation of respiratory infections in the older
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=wfto1O6vj-U
(tracheal suctioning)
Critical Thinking
Homework:
Cardiovascular
24
11
4/20/16
4
12
4/27/16
adult.
26. Risk factors associated with respiratory infection in the older
adult.
27. Indications for hospitalization of the older adult with
pneumonia.
28. Signs and symptoms of acute bronchitis.
29. Risk factors for formation of pulmonary embolus in the older
adult.
30. Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolus in the older
adult.
31. Patient teaching guidelines for the older adult with lung
disease including vaccination recommendations.
32. Nursing diagnoses associated with the older adult with
respiratory disease/dysfunction.
33. QSEN standards of the respiratory system.
34. Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medications.
Unit 3 Exam
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE CARE OF THE ELDERLY CLIENT: MUSCULOSKELETAL AND
NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEMS
G. Musculoskeletal System
FHP Activity/Exercise
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Impaired Physical Mobility;
Impaired Walking; Risk for Disuse Syndrome; Risk for Joint
Contracture; Self-Care Deficit (Type)
Key Points:
1. Review of structure and function of bones, joints, and
muscle.
2. Age related changes affecting the musculoskeletal system.
3. Classification of musculoskeletal illnesses.
4. Characteristics and manifestations of osteoporosis.
5. Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
6. Factors associated with greater risk of osteoporosis in elderly
women compared to elderly men.
7. Advantages and disadvantages of dosing regimens of specific
biphosphonate medications used for the prevention and
treatment of osteoporosis.
8. Lifestyle modifications to consider for the elderly adult to
prevent or limit problems with the musculoskeletal system.
9. Characteristics and manifestations of osteomalacia.
Critical Thinking
Homework:
Respiratory
Tabloski Chapters 18
Reading Quiz
2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
12
Submit Case
Study with
Nursing
Interventions
with Rationales
and Revisions
25
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
13
5/4/16
Diagnosis and treatment of osteomalacia.
Characteristics and manifestations of Paget’s disease.
Diagnosis and treatment of Paget’s disease.
Characteristics and manifestations of osteoarthritis.
Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis.
Characteristics and manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Systemic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
Comparison of clinical symptoms and origins of osteoarthritis
and rheumatoid arthritis.
19. Characteristics and manifestations of gout.
20. Diagnosis and treatment of gout.
21. Characteristics and manifestations of pseudogout.
22. Diagnosis and treatment of pseudogout.
23. The role of vitamin D in bone health.
24. Goals in the clinical setting for fall prevention in the elderly
population.
25. Risk factors to consider when conducting a fall assessment of
the older adult.
26. Common diagnostic and surgical procedures for the elderly
adult with nondisplaced or displaced fracture of the hip.
27. Nursing considerations in the use of medications commonly
used by the elderly adult for musculoskeletal disorders.
28. Nursing diagnoses appropriate to the elderly adult with a
musculoskeletal disorder.
29. QSEN standards of the musculoskeletal system.
30. Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medications.
H. Neurological System
FHP Cognitive/Perceptual
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Disturbed Sensory Perception;
Unilateral Neglect; Disturbed Thought Processes; Acute/Chronic
Confusion; Impaired Memory; Cognitive Impairment
Key Points:
1. Review of structure and function of the neurologic system.
2. Age related changes affecting the neurologic system.
3. Factors to evaluate when assessing the mental health status
of the elderly adult.
4. Comparison of delirium and dementia.
5. Risk factors for dementia.
6. Comparison of mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
7. Diagnosis and stages of dementia.
Tabloski Chapter 22
Reading Quiz
2, 3, 6, 7, 9,
12
Critical Thinking
Homework:
Musculoskeletal
26
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
14
5/11/16
15
5/18/16
5
24.
25.
Unit 4 Exam
Nursing interventions for the elderly adult associated with
each stage of dementia.
Pharmacologic agents used to treat cognitive impairment at
specific stages.
Tasks for family and patient at the time of diagnosis of
Alzheimer’s disease.
Commonly used medications for older adults with
Alzheimer’s disease.
Nursing intervention guidelines to maintain physical ability in
the older adult with Alzheimer’s disease.
Definition and uses of the terms: apraxia; agnosia; anomia.
Topics to address in family discussion at later stage of
Alzheimer’s disease.
Characteristics of Parkinson’s disease.
Causes of secondary Parkinsonism.
Differences and similarities between stroke and transient
ischemic attack (TIA).
Risk factors for stroke.
Immediate treatment of stroke.
Indications and contraindications for thrombolytic therapy.
Principles of stroke prevention.
Key components of documenting a seizure event.
Nursing diagnoses appropriate to the older adult with a
neurological disorder.
QSEN standards of the neurological system.
Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medications.
CARE OF THE VULNERABLE AND/OR FRAIL ELDERLY ADULT
I. Pain Management; Violence and Elder Mistreatment
FHP Cognitive/Perceptual
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Acute/Chronic Pain
FHP Health Perception/Health Management
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Risk for Injury; Risk for Trauma;
Ineffective Protection
FHP Self-Perception/Self-Concept
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Fear; Anxiety; Loneliness;
Hopelessness; Powerlessness; Compromised Human Dignity
FHP Role/Relationship
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Grieving; Sorrow; Social Isolation;
Critical Thinking
Homework:
Neurological
Tabloski Chapter 9, 10
Reading Quiz
3, 4, 5, 7, 9,
11, 12, 13
Submit Case
Study Care Plan
Draft with
Evaluation Plan
27
Caregiver Role Strain; Risk for Other-Directed Violence
FHP Coping/Stress
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Stress Overload; Ineffective
Coping; Post-Trauma Syndrome; Support System Deficit; Denial;
Risk for Suicide
Key Points:
1. Potential barriers to effective assessment and pain
management in the older adult.
2. Classifications of pain.
3. Conditions associated with pain in older adults.
4. The concept of hyperalgesia.
5. Guidelines for assessing pain in the older adult.
6. Methods for assessing pain in the older adult with dementia.
7. “Rational polypharmacy.”
8. Principles of pain relief in the older adult.
9. Challenges in managing pain in the older adult.
10. Guidelines for maximal dosing of acetaminophen in the older
adult population.
11. Risks associated with NSAID use in the older adult
population.
12. Risks and benefits of using specific opioids in the older adult
population.
13. Strategies for preventing and managing adverse effects of
opioid medications.
14. Adjuvant drugs useful in managing pain in the older adult.
15. Pharmacological principles in managing pain in the older
adult.
16. Alternative therapies for pain management in the older
adult.
17. Patient and family teaching guidelines for managing chronic
pain.
18. The Nurse’s obligations in reporting elder mistreatment.
19. Categories of elder mistreatment.
20. Components of health care fraud and abuse.
21. Characteristics of older adults at risk for elder mistreatment.
22. Characteristics of people who commit elder mistreatment.
23. Signs and symptoms of potential elder mistreatment.
24. Principles of interviewing a suspected abuser and the
abused.
25. Nursing diagnoses appropriate to patients and families in
elder abuse situations.
28
16
5/25/16
J.
26. Guidelines for teaching older adults and their families about
elder mistreatment.
27. QSEN standards of pain and violence and elder
mistreatment.
28. Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medicaitons.
Multisytem Problems and Care at the End of Life
FHP Value/Belief
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Moral Distress; Spiritual Distress
FHP Coping/Stress
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Stress Overload; Ineffective
Coping; Denial
FHP Nutritional/Metabolic
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Failure to Thrive; Imbalanced
Nutrition; Impaired Swallowing; Nausea; Risk for Aspiration;
Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane; Imbalanced Fluid Volume;
Impaired Skin Integrity
FHP Elimination
Pertinent Nursing Diagnoses: Constipation; Diarrhea; Impaired
Urinary Elimination; Incontinence (Type)
Key Points:
1. Definition of failure to thrive.
2. Definition of frailty.
3. Risks of frailty in the older adult.
4. Potential pathways to frailty of the older adult.
5. Definition of the “geriatric cascade.”
6. Common diagnoses associated with frailty in the older adult.
7. Strategies to meet special needs of hospitalized frail elderly
adults.
8. Factors affecting chronic illness trajectories.
9. Trajectories of functional decline.
10. Considerations for making treatment decisions regarding the
frail elderly adult.
11. Levels of care for the hospitalized frail adult and their
associated goals.
12. Description of the concept of “treatment burden.”
13. Leading causes of death in the United States.
14. Techniques for improving quality of care at end of life.
15. Stages of the dying process (Kübler-Ross).
16. Common fears and concerns of the dying patient.
17. Principles of effective pain relief for the dying patient.
18. Drugs commonly used to control pain at the end of life.
Tabloski Chapters 24, 11
Reading Quiz
3, 4, 5, 7, 9,
11, 12, 13
Critical Thinking
Homework: Pain
Management,
Violence
29
16
17
5/25/16
5/31-6/3/16
19. Selecting the appropriate route of administration of pain
medication at end of life.
20. Strategies for the management of common symptoms in
older patients at the end of life.
21. Physiological changes anticipated during the dying process.
22. The concepts of “assisted suicide” versus “hastening death.”
23. The Nurse’s role in the death pronouncement.
24. QSEN standards of end of life and frailty.
25. Indications, actions, side effects of pertinent medications.
Review—Optional; To follow regularly scheduled classes
Final Exam Schedule (TBA)
Exam for N407 is comprehensive.
Submit Final Case
Study Care Plan
Critical Thinking
Homework: Multi
system Problems,
End of Life
Critique due
30
List of Selected Medications Used in the Care of the Elderly by System
Psychological function
Citalopram (Celexa)
Desipramine (Norpramin)
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Sensory concerns
Aspirin
Betagan
Gentamycin
Erythromycin
Lopidine
Pilocarpine
Timpotic
Trusopt
Genitourinary
Fluorquinolones
Furosemide
Nitrofurantoin
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Terazosin
Cardiovascular
Aspirin
Atorvastatin
Benazepril
Furosemide
Heparin
Hydrochlorthiazide
Losartan
Metoprolol
NTG
Simvastatin
Warfarin
Respiratory
Albuterol
Beclomethasone
Guaifenesin
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Isoniazid
Mucomyst
Serevent
Neurological
Donezepil
Levodopa
Memantine
Sinemet
Musculoskeletal
Acetaminophen
Alendronate
Allopurinol
Calcitonin
Capsaicin
Colchicine
Ibandronate
Indomethacin
Probencid
Raloxifene
End of Life Care
Compazine
Marinol
Megace
Metachlopramide
Morphine
Risperdal
Pain Management and Elder Abuse
Acetaminophen
Fentanyl
Morphine
NSAIDs
Tramadol
31