Using the
Periodic Table
The Atom
– In the Nucleus (center)
• Protons = positive charge
• Neutrons = no charge, neutral
– Orbiting the nucleus
• Electrons = negative charge, tiny
Number of protons define the type of
element!!!
Isotopes
3 Isotopes
of Hydrogen
2 Isotopes
of Carbon
The Periodic Table of Elements…
…is a tool to organize all the known
elements.
Understanding the Information in
Each Block
Each block describes a unique element.
What are
chemical symbols,
Atomic number, and
mass number?
Hydrogen
Beryllium
Sodium
Helium
What about the bold line that looks
like stair steps?
Metals and Nonmetals.
–metal properties
–Luster
–Conductive
–Malleable
–Ductile
–nonmetal properties
–Dull
–Nonconductive
–Brittle
Metalloids share properties of metals and
nonmetals.
Columns and Rows
– An atom can have up to 7 energy levels of electrons.
– An element’s period (row) tells us the number of …
For example,
a Sodium
(Na) atom
has ___
electron
orbitals.
Flourine (F)
has ___
electron
orbitals.
– An element’s family (aka group) tells us ...
– The outer 2 shells of the Group B elements are considered
valence electron orbits. We will be able to ignore Group B
for now.
For
example, a
Sodium (Na)
atom has
___ valence
electron.
Flourine (F)
has ____
valence
electrons.
A background of the Periodic
Table’s development
Mendeleev left blank spaces
Now for a little practice:
For carbon (C):
(a) How many electron shells does it have?
(b) How many valence electrons does it have?
(c) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?
Answer for carbon (C):
(a) 2 electron shells
(b) 4 valence electrons
(c) nonmetal
For potassium (K):
(a) How many electron shells does it have?
(b) How many valence electrons does it have?
(c) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?
Answer for potassium (K):
(a) 4 electron shells
(b) 1 valence electron
(c) metal
For copper (Cu):
(a) How many electron shells does it have?
(b) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?
(c) How many protons does it have?
Answer for copper (Cu):
(a) 4 electron shells
(b) metal
(c) 29 protons
For uranium (U):
(a) How many electron shells does it have?
(b) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?
(c) How many protons does it have?
Answer for uranium (U):
(a) 7 electron shells
(b) metal
(c) 92 protons
Sources
• Tillery, Physical Science.
• www.chem4kids.com