CHAPTER 5
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ROMAN CIVILIZATION
THE ROMAN WORLD
509 B.C.E. to 568 C.E.
Questions to Ponder:
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How was this great empire created?
In what did the excellence of Roman
imperial government consist?
If the Roman achievement was so
significant, why did Rome decline and fall?
What did the Roman Empire fail to offer its
people?
Early Italy and the Origins of
Rome
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Geography and the Early Settlers of Italy
Rome’s Origins
The Roman Monarchy, 753-509 B.C.E
The Republic and The Roman
Conquest of Italy
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509-133 B.C.E
Establishment of the Republic
Struggle for Equal Rights
Society and Religion
The Conquest of Italy
Expansion in Italy
The Republic and The Roman
Conquest of Italy
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Treatment of Conquered Peoples
The First Punic War
The Contests with Hannibal
Roman Intervention in the East
Rome, Supreme in the Mediterranean World
The Late Republic: Conflict and
Crisis
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Effects of Roman Expansion
Reform Movement of the Gracchi
The First Civil War: Marius Versus Sulla
The Second Civil War: Pompey Versus
Caesar
The Third Civil War: Antony Versus
Octavian
The Roman Empire and the
Pax Romana
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30 B.C.E - 568 B.C.E
Reconstruction Under Augustus
The Julio-Claudian and Flavian Emperors
The Antonines: “Five Good Emperors”
The Pax Romana
The Roman Empire and the
Pax Romana
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Economic Prosperity
Early Evidence of Economic Stagnation
Rome, Imperial Capital
Social Life
Judaism Within the Roman World
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Development of Jewish Religious Thought
The Rise and Triumph of
Christianity
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The Life and Teaching of Jesus
The Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E.
The Work of Paul
Reasons for the Spread of Christianity
The Rise and Triumph of
Christianity
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Persecution of Christians
Church Organization
Foundations of Christian Doctrine and
Worship
The Regular Clergy
The Legacy of Rome
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The Roman Spirit
Evolution of Roman Law
Roman Engineering and Architecture
Sculpture and Painting
Literary Rome
The Legacy of Rome
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The Golden and Silver Ages of Latin
Literature
The Writing of History
Religion and Philosophy
Science in the Roman Empire
Fatal Flaw
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For all its integrity and enlightenment, it
could not win loyalty and active support
from its people.
YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND
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The different peoples that came into the
Italian peninsula and their influence on
Rome.
The steps by which the ordinary people
gained political rights and power.
Specifically how and when Rome built its
empire.
YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND
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The civil wars of the late Empire.
The benefits of the Roman peace, the Pax
Romana.
The economic, social, political, and military
factors that contributed to the decline of
Roman power.