th
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No warm ups this week- I only see you 2 days!
September 4/6: 2-4-6
September 5/7: 1-3-5
 Today you will get you tests back…
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55-61 A
49-54 B
43-48 C
37-42 D
36 and lower F
If you have a 54 or under…you may turn in test corrections by
Thursday/Friday

 Students will be able to:
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Analyze the importance of geography in Ancient Rome’s
Formation
Understand the social and political structure of Ancient Rome
Identify the similarities and differences of the Twelve Tables to other forms of law codes (Hammurabi, USA, etc.)
Look at the importance of Pompeii in Ancient Roman history

Chapter 5 Section 1

Roman history is the story of the
Romans’ conquest of Italy and the entire Mediterranean world. The
Romans were conquerors, but they also governed, using republican forms that have been passed down to us.

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Romulus and Remus
-Twin sons of Mars (Roman god of War)
Abandoned by their Uncle Amulius in the Tibor River to drown.
Found and raised by a she-wolf
Found and raised by the Shepard Faustulus

-They kill Amulius
- Both built great cities
- Romulus kills Remus for making fun of his city
- Romulus populates the city of Rome with slaves and criminals
- Romulus became the first king in 753 BC
- Mars carries him up to the heavens and he becomes the god Quirinius

Main Idea: Rome’s Central location and geographic features made it a desirable location from which to expans

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Italy is a peninsula
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750 miles from north to south
120 miles from east to west
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Rome is the capital of Italy
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Apennine Mountains
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Went north and south
 divided the east and west
Also settled on the island of Sicily

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More land to farm than Greece
Did NOT divided Rome into many small city states
Rome was built on 7 hills
 Easily defended
 A good central location

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Italy’s mountains did not divide Italians like it did the Greeks
 Italy had more land to farm than Greece
The Tiber River helped Rome with farming and transportation

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 Rome was built on seven hills and was easy to defend
 Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean
Sea which made it a crossroad between eastern and western
Mediterranean countries
Rome was far enough inland to be safe from pirates

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Latin
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Moved in around 1500 to
1000 B.C.
Indo-European people who spoke Latin
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Greeks
Settled on Latium
Herders and Farmers
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Had settled during Greek colonization 750 B.C. to 550
B.C.
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Were mostly in the south
Occupied Sicily
They influenced agriculture with the introduction of the grape and olive tree
They influenced culture with their architecture, sculpture and literature
Adopted their alphabet

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The Etruscans had the greatest influence on the Romans
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They were located North of Rome in Etruria, they expanded into Italy and came into control Rome and most of Latium
They turned the Latin villages into the city of Rome
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Romans adopted their dress, the toga and shirt cloak
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Also adopted their military organization

Main Idea: The Romans were practical and skillful in politics and military matters

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Early Rome was under the control of seven kings and several were Etruscans
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Establishment of Roman
Republic
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The Romans overthrew the last Etruscan King in 509 B.C, they established the Roman
Republic
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Republic: a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.

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Rome was surrounded by enemies and for the next 200 years they fought continuous warfare
338 Rome crushed the
Latin states, and then the Greek states
Defeated the Greeks in
264 B.C. and virtually conquered all of Italy

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Was devised by Italy to rule
Allowed some people- especially Latin's- to have full Roman citizenship
Most of the communities remained allies
 Allowed to run their own local affairs ONLY if they provided soldiers to
Rome
 Made it clear that Roman allies could become citizens

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Ancestors and History:
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To Ancient Romans, they believed that their ancestors were successful because a sense of duty, courage and discipline.
Diplomacy: They extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run their own internal affairs.
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They could be firm when necessary, crushing rebellions without mercy.
Military: They were accomplished and persistent soldiers.
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Built fortified towns throughout Italy; also built roads that connected the empire.

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Brilliant Strategists: Built roads to connect towns that they conquered
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By doing this, Rome could move troops quickly throughout the territory
Practical: Not ideal government, but one that responded to problems that arose

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Early Rome was divided into two groups- the patricians and the plebeians

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Wealthy land owners,
Rome’s ruling class
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Minority of the roman
Republic
Not a lot of people in this group
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Only ones could could be voted into office

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Less wealthy landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchants
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They were the workers
Made up the majority of the population
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Citizens and could vote

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Chief executive officers of the
Roman
Republic
Highest office
 chosen every year two years
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 ran the government led the army into battle

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In charge of civil law that applied to all Roman citizens
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Look over judicial affairs
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Could judge or appoint a judge

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Roman Senate: Select group of about 300 patricians who served for life
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Approved laws, controlled finances and made public policy.

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The Roman Republic also had several assemblies
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Centuriate assembly
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Most important
Elected the chief officials and passed laws
Organized in classes based on wealth
Wealthy citizens always held the majority

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Council of the Plebs
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Came into being as a result of the struggle between the two Roman social orders

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Caught in the middle of the struggle between patricians and plebeians were children
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They were forbidden to marry each other
Plebeians resented this b/c since they served in the
Roman army that protected the republic they thought they deserved political and social equality
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Led to the success of the plebeians
In 287 B.C. the council of the plebs received the right to pass laws for all Romans
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All male Roman citizens were now supposedly equal under the law

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Mediterranean world was its system of laws
Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)
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First code of laws for Rome
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Written on 12 tablets
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Roman developed a more sophisticated system of laws
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Applied to only Roman citizens
Problems arose when noncitizens had to be dealt with

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Natural law or universal law based on reason
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Established standards of justice that applied to all people

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Many legal ideas that we use now originated in
Ancient Rome
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Innocent until proven guilty
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People accused of a crime are allowed to defend themselves before a judge
A judge is expected to weigh evidence before reaching a legal decision.

 You have the next 20 minutes to work on the Twelve Tables with your assigned group members
 Each group will present…however you will not know what question you will answer.
 Make sure to answer each question thoroughly and completely.