The Female Genital Organs
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhiyu
The Female Genital Organs
Composion:

Internal genital organs
Ovaries Conveying Uterine
ductstubes Uterus
Vagina

External genital organs
Ⅰ.internal genital organs
Ovary
Position－lies in the
ovarian fossa in the angle
between the internal and
external iliac vessels on
the lateral pelvic wall.
Shape－an ovoid organ
Superior pole
Inferior pole
Anterior border
Mesovarian border
Hilum of ovary
internal genital organs
Posterior border－free border
Two surfaces－medial and
lateral
Supporting structures


Suspensory ligament of
ovary
Proper ligament of ovary
Function:
Produce
ovasecrete
estrogens
internal genital organs
Female Reproductive Cycle
internal genital organs
Uterine tube
General features


About 10cm long
Located in the upper edge of broad ligament of uterus
internal genital organs
Four parts

Infundibulum of uterine tube



Fimbriae of uterine tube
ovarian fimbria
Ampulla of uterine tube relatively wide, tortuous, longst part,
where the fertilization of the ovum takes place
internal genital organs

Isthmus of uterine tube
－straight and narrow

portion, is the place
where the tubal ligation is
performed
Uterine part, pierces
uterine wall and opens
into cavity of uterus by
uterine orifice of uterine
tube
internal genital organs
Uterus
General features－
muscular pear-shaped organ
Three parts



Fundus of uterus
Body of uterus
Neck of uterus
Vaginal parts of cervix
Supravaginal parts of
cervix
internal genital organs
Uterus
Isthmus of uterus
－short constricted part,
between the body
and the neck of
uterus,
internal genital organs
Uterus
Interior cavity
of uterus －the
cavity of body of uterus, is
triangular in coronal section
Cavity
Canal
of cervix
of uterus －the
cavity of the neck,
opens into the
vagina at the
orifice of uterus
internal genital organs
Uterus
Position

Lies in the center of
the pelvic catity,
between bladder and
rectum；

usually it is
anteversion 前倾
anteflexion 前屈
internal genital organs
Uterus
Position

Anteversion －axis of
uterus meet with that of
vagina at about 90o ;
Anteflexion
－axis of
body of uterus is bent
forward to form an angle
of about 170o with that of
the cervix .
internal genital organs
Supports of uterus


Pelvic diaphragm
Ligaments




Broad ligament of
uterus
Round ligament of
uterus
Cardinal ligament of
uterus
Uterosacral ligament of
uterus
internal genital organs
Broad ligament of uterus
Mesosalpinx for the uterine tubes
 Mesometrium for the ovary
 Mesovarium
internal genital organs
Round ligament of uterus
maintain in anteversion position of uterus
Cardinal ligament of uterus
support the position of uterus to prevent from dropping.
Uterosacral ligament of uterus
maintain in anteverted position of uterus
internal genital organs
Vagina

Flattened fibromuscular
tube, about 8～9cm long
Extends upward and
backward from vestibule to
uterus

Fornix of vagina





Formed between cervix and
walls of vagina
Posterior fornix
Lateral parts
Anterior part
deepest and larger
part and related to
the rectouterine
pouch closely.
internal genital organs
Accessory gland

Great vestibular gland
 On either side of
vaginal orifice
 Open on both sides of
orifice of vagina
Ⅱ.External genital organs





Mons pubis
Greater lips of pudendum
Lesser lips of pudendum
Vaginal vestibule
Clitoris
Bulb of vestibule
Ⅲ. The mammae
Position
• Lie in superficial fascia
over the pectorals major
and pectoral fascia
• Extend from 3rd to 7th ribs
vertically, and from
parasternal line to
midaxillary line
transversally
Ⅲ. The mammae
Shape:
in the young adult female
(nullipara) the mamma
forms a round eminence.
The mammary niple 乳头
is on the center of the
mamma, and commonly
lies at the level of the fouth
intercostal space .
areola乳晕：pigmented
area surrounded the niple
Ⅲ. The mammae




Structures－
The mamma consists of skin,
mammary glands and adipose
tissue;
Each brest has about 15～20
lobes of mammary gland 。
Each lobe has has a
lactiferous duct which
opens separately on the
summit of the nipple and
possesses a dilated
lactiferous sinuses just prior
to its termination
Ⅲ. The mammae
• Suspensory ligaments of
breast (cooper’s
ligaments )－strands of
connective tissue runs
between skin and deep
fascia and serve to
support the mammary
glands