Some items borrowed from:
Susan M. Pojer, Horace Greeley HS, Chappaqua, NY
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE:
The student will analyze the causes and
effects of industrialization during the
19th century in the U.S. by completing
a graphic organizer
GENERALIZATION:
Technological innovations often lead to
industrialization, a change in economic
systems, and urbanization.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
• How does technology change society?
• How did technological innovations change
the U.S. in the early 19th century?
CONCEPTS:
•
•
•
•
Technological innovations
Industrialization
Economic systems
Urbanization
•
Write each of the concepts on a Frayer model organizer.
•
Discuss with a partner what you think each means.
•
Think of an example of each.
•
Finally, discuss with the class and teacher and clarify and add to
your definitions and examples.
In 1800…
• Each family farm created most of their
needs (food, clothing, simple tools, etc.)
• Larger items (plows, harnesses) were either
imported or created locally
Causes of
Industrialization in the U.S.
• Economic Changes After the War of 1812
• Spread of the Industrial Revolution from Great
Britain and Europe to America
• Rise of the factory system in the U.S.
• Growing market for goods and raw materials in
Europe and the U.S.
Causes of
Industrialization in the U.S.
• While the South and West developed the
agricultural basis for the national economy, the
Northeast was laying the foundation for an
industrial revolution.
Cumberland (National Road),
1811
Erie Canal System
Erie Canal, 1820s
Begun in 1817; completed in 1825
Principal Canals in 1840
Robert Fulton
& the Steamboat
1807: The Clermont
The
Railroad
Revolution,
1850s
 Immigrant labor
built the No. RRs.
 Slave labor
built the So. RRs.
Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Actually invented
by a slave!
Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts Rifle
Samuel Slater
• Early English-American industrialist
known as the "Father of the American
Industrial Revolution”
• "Father of the American Factory
System" because he brought British
textile technology to America
• Learned textile machinery as an
apprentice to a pioneer in the British
industry
• Brought the knowledge to America
where he designed the first textile mills,
went into business for himself and grew
wealthy
The Lowell/Waltham System:
First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814
Lowell in 1850
Lowell Mill
Early Textile Loom
New England
Textile
Centers:
1830s
New England Dominance in
Textiles
Starting for Lowell
Lowell Girls
What was their typical “profile?”
Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell
John Deere & the Steel Plow
(1837)
Cyrus McCormick
& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831
Regional Specialization
EAST  Industrial
SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery
WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”
Changed Life in America
• Working - More women and children worked
outside the home in factories
• Farming - New inventions allowed farmers to
produce more crops more cheaply
• Living - People moved to cities from farms
(urbanization)
• Traveling - Much easier, so more people moved
further west
Urbanization Began
American Population Centers in
1820
American Population Centers in
1860
National Origin of Immigrants:
1820 - 1860
Why now?
Changing Occupation Distributions:
1820 - 1860
Humans Modified their
Environment, with positive and
negative consequences.
Positive
Negative
Characteristics of the Free Enterprise
System:
• Right to choose jobs and professions
• Private property
• Limited government involvement in the economy (to
protect the public interest and keep the national
economy in balance)
• Competition and freedom of choice for consumers
 Competition drives down prices. Producers are constantly looking
for ways to make better and cheaper products in order to compete
with others who produce the same or similar items. make economic
decisions in the marketplace
 Consumers have the freedom to choose
Characteristics of the Free Enterprise
System:
• Profit motive
 Profit is the motivating force in the free enterprise system,
incentive for production
 Therefore, producers want to supply goods and services that
are in demand by consumers
What do you think was the most
important cause and effect of the
Industrial Revolution during this
time? Explain why.
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE:
The student will analyze the causes and
effects of industrialization during the
19th century in the U.S. by completing
a graphic organizer
GENERALIZATION:
Technological innovations often lead to
industrialization, a change in economic
systems, and urbanization.
How did technological innovations
change the U.S. in the early 19th
century?