Impact of Westward Expansion
CPUSH
2012-2013
How Americans Viewed Expansion
• Agreed on
• Need for expansion
• Disagreed on
• Government policies
1- about cheap land
2- tariffs to support
industry
3- expansion of slavery
http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?
video_id=123418&title=Expansion_of_the_Uni
ted_States_Map_1763___PresentSlide 12
1-TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTION
& THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL
MARKET ECONOMY
Eras of Transportation
•
•
•
•
Turnpike & River Era
Canal Era
Railroad Era
Automobile Era
1790s-1820s
1825-1840s
1850s-1940s
1920s-present
First National Road
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
•Steamboats
Robert Fulton
Clermont (1807)
•Impact on
transportation
and trade – allowed
merchandise and
people to move more easily
inland – encouraged settlement
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Erie Canal (1825)
Significance - affected
Cost of trade
Direction of trade
Settlement of NW
New York City
Upstate NY
Canal boom
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Principal Canals in 1840
Roads and Canals, 1820-1850
• Canal
boom
• Effect on transportation and
trade patterns
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
• Railroads
• Baltimore & Ohio
RR (1830)
• short lines
• trunk lines
2- National
Market
Economy:
Inland
Freight
Rates, 17901865
National Market
Economy:
The Speed of
News in 1817
and 1841
3- BEGINNINGS OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION
 Factory System developed
 Rise of Corporations
 Technological Innovations
 Labor – need workers for jobs
 Old Northwest – new market for goods
 The
American Industrial Revolution
occurred between 1790 and 1860. It
began in England in the 18th century and
spread to the United States.
 Cotton gin
 National road
 Canals
 Steam boats
 Railroads
 Why we were these inventions so
important.
BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
• textiles
• Samuel Slater
• factory system
Samuel
Slater
(“Father of
the Factory
System”)
BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
• Lowell (or Waltham) Factory System
–
–
–
–
Francis Cabot Lowell
First dual-purpose textile plants
employees
first to produce cloth
• Lowell towns
Lowell, Mass. in 1850
New England Textile
Centers: 1830s
The Growth of Cotton Textile Manufacturing, 1810–1840
4. INVENTIONS &
INNOVATIONS
 Americans were willing to try anything.
 They were first copiers, then innovators.
•Patents Approved:
•1800: 41
•1860: 4,357
Eli Whitney: The
Cotton Gin, 1791
(Actually invented
by a slave)
Cyrus McCormick
& the Mechanical Reaper
CHANGES TO SOCIETY
The market economy changed:
•
•
•
•
class structure
The nature and location of work
Gender roles (Middle class)
the standard of living
Social Class structure
•
•
•
•
Working class
Rise of the middle class
Social mobility?
Geographic mobility
UPPER
MIDDLE
WORKING
LOWER
Where do Farmers fit?
POPULATION GROWTH
•
•
•
•
•
1775
1790
1820
1840
1860
2.5 Million
4 Million
10 Million
17 Million
32 Million
Immigration
Major immigrant groups
• Irish
• Germans
• English
When did they come?
Where did they settle?
National Origin of
Immigrants:
1820 - 1860
Immigration to
the United
States, 18201860