MAPPING
MAP ORIENTATION
• Map orientation lets the reader know
which direction is which- typically
shown with a compass rose
MAP SCALE
•the distance represented
on the map compared
to the actual real-life
distance
GRAPHIC SCALE
The Bar Graph indicates how
long each mile is on the map
TO FIND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
POINTS ON A MAP…
• Make a mark on a piece of scrap
paper that lines up with where you are
starting and where you are ending
• Shift the scrap paper to the map scale
• If the scale has two units, be sure to
read off the correct side of the scale!
IMAGINE A SINGLE DOT ON A
PING PONG BALL. HOW
WOULD YOU DESCRIBE ITS
LOCATION?
• Think of a map as being divided, with
the x-axis being the Equator and the yaxis is the Prime Meridian
EAST WEST, NORTH SOUTH ON THE
EARTH
(N, W)
(S, W)
(N, E)
(S, E)
• The N means
above the Equator.
• The S tells means
below the Equator.
• The E means to
the right of the
Prime Meridian.
• The W means to
the left of the Prime
Meridian.
EAST WEST, NORTH SOUTH ON THE
EARTH
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
• That means all
points in North
America will have
a North latitude and
a West longitude
because it is North
of the Equator and
West of the Prime
Meridian.
LATITUDE
(AKA PARALLELS)
•Run east to west parallel to the
Equator
•Used to measure the distance in
degrees north and south
•Ranges from 0º at the Equator to
90º north and south at the poles.
Each degree of latitude or longitude
consists of 60 equal parts or minutes.
One minute equals 60 seconds- it is
similar to decimal places
Using degrees, minutes, and seconds,
the latitude and longitude of Hyde
Park is…
41 o 46’ 48” N
79 o 55’ 48”W
LONGITUDE
(AKA MERIDIANS)
• Run North-south between the poles
• Used to measure distance in degrees
east and west of the Prime Meridian,
• Ranges from 0º at the prime meridian
to 180º at the International Dateline).
• All longitude lines meet at the Poles
•NEW YORK STATE ALWAYS
HAS A LATITUDE WITH UNITS
DEGREES NORTH AND
LONGITUDE OF UNITS
DEGREES WEST BECAUSE
WE ARE NORTH OF THE
EQUATOR AND WEST OF
THE PRIME MERIDIAN
SEE IF YOU CAN TELL IN WHICH
QUARTER THESE LON/LATS ARE
LOCATED
A
B
C
D
• 1. 41°N, 21°E
• 2. 37°N, 76°W
• 3. 72°S, 141°W
• 4. 7°S, 23°W
• 5. 15°N, 29°E
• 6. 34°S, 151°E
• 1. B
• 2. A
• 3. C
• 4. C
• 5. B
• 6. D
SUMMARY:
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
Latitude is the distance in
degrees (0º - 90º) north and
south of the equator (0º).
Lines of latitude are called
parallels.
 imaginary lines that
circle the world from
east to west parallel to
the equator.
One degree of latitude on
land is equal to 70 miles.
Longitude is the distance in
degrees (0º - 180º) east and
west of the prime meridian
(0º).
Lines of longitude are called
meridians.
 imaginary lines that
form half-circles and
run between the North
and South Poles.
 All lines meet at a
point at the poles
REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS
• Your Forecast
• Navigational Systems
• Ships