AP CHAPTER 17 TEST BANK
1. The two most important influences on
Enlightenment thought were toleration to all except
a. Galileo and Copernicusl
b. Newton and Copernicus
c. Bacon and Descartes
d. Locke and Newton
e. Galileo and Locke
2.After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious
toleration to all except
a. Jews and Roman Catholics
b. Lutherans and Unitarians
c. Muslims and Jews
d. Unitarians and Roman Catholics
e. Lutherans and Jews
3.This nation was significantly freer that any other
European nation at the beginning of the
Enlightenment
a. France
b. Holland
c. Spain
d. England
4. An expanding literate public and the growing
influence of secular printed materials created a new
and increasing influential social force called
a. Public opinion
b. Societal drive
c. Communal view
d. The general will
e. Social premise
5. All of the following can be said of the 18th century
Enlightenment EXCEPT
a. The Newtonian Revolution of the previous
century set in motion
b. It was based on the belief that
unchangeable natural laws governed
human society as well as the physical
universe
c. it supported the assumption that human
reason could fathom the natural laws
d. it reflected acceptance of social inequities
and injustice as inevitable effects of
natural law
e. it was optimistic and progress oriented
6.The Enlightenment
a. Was based upon the assumption that
science and reason can explain all things
b. Was dramatically opposed to the
Newtoniam concept of natural law
c. Was widely attacked by the royalty and
nobility of Europe
d. Regarded human progress as an
impossibility “in this best of all possible
worlds”
e. Rejected the claims of modern science
7.“Liberty” in the 18th century thought, can best be
described as
a. Human rights and the sovereignty of the
people
b. Equality and opportunity
c. An offshoot of the divine rights of kings
d. Generally opposed by the intellectual elite
e. Receiving widespread popular support
before the French Revolution
8.The scientists, thinkers, and writers of the scientific
revolution gave 18th century Europe a belief in
a. Progress
b. Natural law
c. Hope of the future
d. Education
e. All of the above
9. Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily
interested in
a. changing the relationship between people
and their government
b. supporting the divine right theory
c. debating the role of the church in society
d. promoting increased power for European
monarchs
10. The eighteenth-century philosophes believed
that society could best achieve progress
through
(A) prayer and contemplation
(B) intuition
(C) hard work and self-denial
(D) scientific empiricism
(E) analysis of Greek and Latin texts
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11.“The salon was a weekly gathering held in the
home of one of the dominant ladies of the society, at
which dinner was usually served, cards usually
played, but conversation led by the hostess predominated. A few salons were known as having the ideal
mixture of
leading intellectuals, open-minded
nobles, and clever, elegant women.”
The passage above describes an important aspect of
social life in which of the following?
(A) Geneva during the Reformation
(B) Florence during the Renaissance
(C) London during the Glorious Revolution
(D) Paris during the Enlightenment
(E) Berlin during the Kulturkampf
12.Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill both
wrote
(A) critiques of the French Revolution
(B) tracts on liberty and the rights of women
(C) Utopian novels
(D) polemics against alcohol consumption
(E) satires of George III of England
13. Hobbes and Rousseau would have agreed that
(A)
a monarch has absolute power
(B)
the state is based on a social contract
(C)
the state of nature is peaceful and
harmonious
(D)
political authority should be shared by the
monarch and representatives of the people
(E)
citizens have a right to revolt
14.The group most severely criticized in the works of
Voltaire, the French philosophe, was the
(A)
English people
(B)
French middle class
(C)
German peasantry
(D)
Roman Catholic clergy
(E)
Italian ruling class
15.The eighteenth-century Enlightenment
philosophes were primarily concerned with
(A)
the advancement of theological and
metaphysical knowledge
(B)
the setting of limits on the human ability to
change
(C)
pure skepticism and the negation of reason
(D)
mystical sciences such as numerology and
astrology
(E)
critical and inquiring approaches to
knowledge
16. Which of the following is most characteristic of
Voltaire's ideas?
(A) Empiricism and religious toleration are to be
celebrated.
(B) The branches of government should be balanced.
(C) Future progress is inevitable and limitless.
(D) The General Will is the ideal basis for good
government.
(E) Sensory experience can never be verified
17. Jean-Jacques Rousseau differed significantly
from other Enlightenment philosophes in his:
(A) emphasis on emotions and his admiration for
the “noble savage”
(B) emphasis on the importance of science to social
progress
(C) belief in traditional religious customs
(D) belief in determinism
(E) belief in the divine right of kings
18. Written by Voltaire in English and later
translated to French, this book praised the virtues of
the English, especially their religious liberty and
implicitly criticized the abuses of French society
a. Letter on the English
b. Improvements on the Island
c. Critiques and Criticisms of Modern French
Society
d. Faults of France
e. The Spirit of the Law
19. Philosophes criticized the Christian church for all
of the following EXCEPT
a. Inciting wars
b. Encouraging more concern with the afterlife
than with life on earth
c. Taking too limited a role in national politics
d. Doctrinal disputes and intolerance
e. Teaching that humans were fundamentally
sinful
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20. The philosophes used reason to address
A.
British taxes.
B.
social issues.
C.
abusive rulers.
D.
all of the above.
21.Which of the following is NOT true of the
philosophes
a. They used their positions as university
professors to influence society
b. They aimed to educate the public
c. Their ultimate goal was a society governed
by reason
d. They wrote in many different genres
e. They were often guests of and
correspondents with the women who
hosted salons
22. The style of the Enlightenment literature made
famous by Voltaire was
a. the philosophical treatise
b. the satire
c. the play
d. the pamphlet
e. the novel
23.Voltaire’s greatest concern was
a. that governmental power be shared with
the nobility
b. for universal male suffrage
c. for freedom of religion and the press
d. the rights of the poor
e. the advancement of the Encyclopedia
24.Voltaire’s Candide reveals that the
Englightenment thought was not always
a. Tolerant
b. Clearly focused on philosophical matters
c. Light-hearted
d. Opposed to traditional ideas
e.
Optimistic
25. “When popes and priest define their
dogmas and discipline their followers,
corruption is the rule and abuse is the result?
Crush the infamous thing! The simple beauty of
Christ’s message has been lost in ignorance and
encrusted in superstition”.
The speaker above would probably adhere to the
views of
a. Bishop Bossuet
b. Voltaire
c. Montesquieu
d. Baron Holbach
e. Diderot
26. Many philosophes, such as Voltaire, believed
that governmental reform would be accomplished
by
a. The introduction of democracy
b. Benevolent absolutist monarchs
c. Empowering the nobles at the expense of
the kings
d. Revolution
e. Trusting the masses
27. Voltaire and Montesquieu had a similar outlook
in their opinions about
a. Who should rule
b. The parlements
c. Separation of powers
d. England
e. A social contract
28. The main purpose of the French salons was to
a. Honor men like Voltaire and Rousseau
b. Provide a forum where men of letters
could exchange ideas
c. Give aristocratic women an important
societal role
d. Give foreigners like Franklin and Jefferson
opportunities to meet the French
e. Avoid censorship in France
29. Which of the following was argued by John Locke
in the Second Treatise of Government
a. Peace requires an absolute ruler
b. A government must follow the “general
will” of the people
c. Democracy is the only legitimate form of
government
d. The government must always protect the
people’sright to property
e. Monarchy must always be opposed
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30. The book System of Nature (1770), the Baron
d’Hollbach, was one of the most radical texts of the
Enlightenment because of its
a. Advocacy of revolution
b. Materialism
c. Liberalism
d. Support of the French Revolution
e.
Advocacy of science
32.All of the following are examples of the
philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau EXCEPT
a. Humans are essentially good
b. The education of children should
concentrate on developing the senses,
sensibilities, and sentiments
c. “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in
chains”
d. The proper role of government is to
protect individual property
e. The virtuous citizen should be willing to
subordinate his own self-interest to the general
good of the community
33. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes said that
government is a “contact”
a. Between the ruler and those governed;
those being ruled should turn over all
authority to the ruler to ensure security
and order
b. Between the government and people to
protect the rights to life, liberty and
property
c. Among the people, determined by the
“general will”
d. Between an elected parliament and a ruler
for peace and justice
e. Among the nobility and the monarch to
provide best for the kingdom
34. The philosophes were primarily
a. Early scientific experiments
b. Journalists and popularizers of the
Enlightenment
c. Philosophers of the Enlightenment
d. Experimenters in new agricultural methods
e. Astronomers such as Galileo and Kepler
35. According to John Locke, the purpose of
government is to protect
a. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
b. Freedom of thought and religion
c. Economic security
d. Life, liberty and property
e. An uncensored press
36. In his political commentary, the French
philosopher Montesquieu most admired England for
its
a. Democratic institutions
b. Freedom of the press
c. Division of power
d. Power of the monarchy
e. Freedom of religion
37. Rousseau can be considered an early Romantic
thinker primarily because he
a. Saw the world as a machine
b. Admired the peasant and, even more, the
uncivilized
c. Advocated reason over eomotion
d. Directly encouraged revolutionary thought
e. Had faith in an absolute monarch
38. Voltaire’s famous slogan “Crush the horrible
thing” refers to
a. nationalism
b. reason
c. conservatism
d. absolute monarchy
e. religion
39. Montequieu, in his Spirit of the Laws, was
inspired by the system of government in
a. Venice
b. Russia
c. Great Britain
d. France
e. The US
40. Voltaire’s famous slogan “Crush this horrible
thing” refers to
a. Nationalism
b. Reason
c. Absolute monarchy
d. Religion
e. rights of life, liberty, and protery
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41. Whose Spirit of the Laws, in 1748, served as a
basis for the American Constitution’s “separation of
powers”.
a. Montesquieu
b. Voltaire
c. Rousseau
d. Diderot
e.
Quesnay
42. Rousseageu’s Emile influenced the way people
viewed child
a. By emphasizing the need to teach
emotional restraint
b. By suggesting it as the time in which to
install the benefits of a rational education
c. By emphasizing that children were not
merely small adults
d. By positioning it as the critical focus for the
family dynamic
e. By framing it as a mirror to adult behaviors
43. Which is the most accurate statement pertaining
to the philosophes of the 18th century
a. The were exclusively French
b. They promoted radical revolution in the
political sphere
c. They were primarily reformers
d. They were universally condemned by the
monarchs of Europe
e. They appealed only to the intellectual elite
44. Thomas Jefferson advocated which of the
following ideas, which had its origins in the writing of
John Locke, in the American Declaration of
Independence?
a. People have the right to own property
b. The purpose of government is to protect
individual rights
c. The king was responsible for abuses of
power
d. Governments may curtail certain freedom
in time of crisis
e. People are entitled to pursue happiness
45. Which of the following presented the most
radical challenge to the traditional ruling regimes of
the 18th century .
a. Locke’s notion that humans are born tabula
rasa
b. Hobbes notion that human nature requires
a ruler with absolute power
c. Beccaria’s notion that the goal of the legal
system should be rehabilitation and
reintegration of the criminal to society
d. The concept of religious tolerance
e. Rousseau’s notion that a lawful
government must be continually
responsible to the general will of the
people
46. Which of the following is NOT part of Rousseau’s
thought?
a. Humans are born essentially good and
virtuous but are easily corrupted by society
b. The early years of a child’s education should
be spent developing the senses,
sensibilities, and sentiment
c. “Man is born free; and everwhere he is in
chains”
d. All religion is based on “hope and fear”
47.Which of the following best expresses Voltaire's
views concerning religion?
a. Catholics should obediently follow the dictates of
the pope
b. Protestants should be excluded from French
government service
c. Religious unity is fundamental to enlightened
monarchies
d. Organized religion perpetuates superstition and
ignorance
e. Criticism of religious doctrines and authorities
should be condemned
48. Hobbes and Locke disagreed in their belief that
a. men are created equal
b. men tend to follow their own self interest
c. the natural state of men is one of war
d. a government’s power comes from the people
e. men are often ruled by passions
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49. Locke argued that the primary aim of
government is
a. to guarantee peace by putting the fear of death
into its subjects
b. to follow and enact the general will of the people
c. to provide and protect democracy
d. to assure the right to property
e. to institute a constitutional monarchy
50. The two major points on the Deists’ creed were
a. The belief in an afterlife dependent upon
one’s earthly actions and the existence of a
rational God
b. The belief in the afterlife dependent upon
one’s earthly actions and the existence of
absolute principles
c. The belief in the existence of a rational God
and the existence of absolute principles
d. The belief that God had not created human
beings and that humans did not have a soul
e. The belief in the existence of absolute
principles and the illogical nature of God’s
existence
51. Which of the following figures came closest to
atheism in their religious thinking?
a. Locke
b. Toland
c. Baron d’Holbach
d. Voltaire
e. Lessing
52. Which of the following best expresses Voltaire’s
views concerning religion
a. Catholics should obediently follow the dictates of
the pope
b. Protestants should be excluded from French
government service
c. Religious unity is fundamental to enlightened
monarchies
d. organized religion perpetuates superstition and
ignorance
e. criticism of religious doctrines and authorities
should be condemned
53. According to Ethics, the most famous of his
works, this man closely identified God and nature,
an idea for which his contemporaries condemned
him
a. Mendelsohn
b. Hobbes
c. Descartes
d. Locke
e. Spinoza
54. This 18th century philosopher was known as the
“Jewish Socrates”
a. Mendelsohn
b. Descartes
c. Spinoza
d. Hobbes
e. Lessing
55. Pascal and other critics saw this as an
exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuousreligion
because of his teaching that heaven was a place of
sensuous delights
a. Judaism
b. Hinduism
c. Protestantism
d. Islam
e. Catholicism
56. The religious belief of the majority of the
philosophes was
a. Catholicism
b. Lutherancottish philosopher Adam Smith,
argued th
c. Calvinism
d. Deism
e. Atheism
57. Which of the following holds that God is no
longer active in the world
a. Atheism
b. Liberalism
c. Conservatism
d. Deism
e. Calvinism
58. What was the “religion of the Enlightenment” ?
a. Protestantism
b. Agnosticism
c. Atheism
d. Rationalism
e. Deism
59. The Enlightenment concept of a remote God who
does not interfere in the operations of his creation is
a. Theism
b. Pantheism
c. Deism
d. Atheism
e. Protestantism
60. Deists such as Voltaire believe that
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
God reveals himself through miracles
There is no God
God created the universe but then plays no
additional role in shaping the course of
events
A state church is necessary
Limited religious toletation should be
encouraged
61.The 18th century deists
a. Were atheists
b. Were part of the Great Awakening, and
evangelical Christian movement
c. Believed in a rational world that operated
according to natural law
d. Were reformers in the Church of England
e. Were similar to the pietists of Germany
62. The Encyclopedia
a. Was written in 1750, but was not published
until 1789
b. Secularized learning and spread
Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe
c. Sold about 1200 copies
d. Was written entirely by Denis Diderot and
Jean le Rond d’Alembert
e. Received official support
63. He published On Crimes and Punishments, in
which he applied critical analysisto the problem of
making punishments both effective and just
a. Marquiz Cesare Beccaria
b. Denis Diderot
c. Montaigne
d. John Toland
e. Jean Le Rond d’ Alembert
64. The main purpose of the Encyclopedia was to
a. Blast wat the philosophes saw as
superstition in religion
b. Spread the ideas and technology of the
Enlgithenement and scientific revolution
c. Collect articles from writers around the
world
d. Present information without offending
French censors
e. Do all of the above
65. The Encyclopedia of the late 18th century was
considered radical because it
a. Was printed in English rather than Latin
b. Was the first multivolume publication
c. Labeled anything not based on reason as
superstitution
d. Called for a revolution and overthrow of the
monarchy
e. Was a Protestant encyclopedia
66. The main problem that Denis Diderot
encountered in the compilation of his Encyclopedia
was
a. The huge investment that the multivolume
work required
b. Getting avariety of authors to contribe
c. Dealing with various levels of censorship
d. Finding purchases
e. Printing illustrations
67. Adam Smith advocated
a. The ending of England’s merchantile
system
b. And end to all taxes
c. The elimination of England’s navy and army
d. That government take no part in the
economy
e. A large role of government in the economy
68. According to Smith, government should provide
a. Hospitals, armies, navies, and schools
b. Armies , navies , roads, and parks
c. Armies, navies,roads, and hospitals
d. Armies, navies, markets, and banks
e. Schools, armies, navies, and roads
69. According to Smith’s four-stage theory, human
societies
a. Can be religious, secular, scientific , or
superstitious
b. Move from barbarism to civilization
c. Need four social groups to succeed
d. Have nor real moral basis
e. Can be classified as hunter-gatherer,
pastoral, agricultural, or knowledge worker
70. The principles of laissez faire advocate that
a. A country should have colonies for raw
materials
b. A country’s wealth is counted in its silver
and gold
c. All tariffs should be eliminated
d. Countries should be self sufficient
e. Governments should control wages and
prices
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Questions 71-72 refer to the following statement.
Self-interest drives people to action and the Invisible
Hand of competition acts as an automatic regulator
so that the market will generate wealth for the
nation.
71. The author of this passage would have agreed
with which of the following statements?
(A) Government regulation of the market helps to
promote a healthy economy.
(B) People will produce according to their abilities
and be compensated according to their needs.
(C) Individual self-interest, however enlightened,
will destroy the market.
(D) Government must not interfere with the
market mechanism if it is to perform properly.
(E) Wealth will be divided equally by the market
mechanism.
72. Adam Smith maintained that
(A) workers real wages decrease in the long run
(B) population always tends to outstrip food
supplies
(C) monopolies benefit the state
(D) competition is socially beneficial
(E) social revolution is inevitable
73.Adam Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and
Causes of the Wealth of Nations advocated a system
of
(A)
imperialism
(B)
free trade
(C)
protective tariffs
(D)
socialism
(E)
mercantilism
74. Which of the following activities did Adam Smith
believe was most appropriate for a national
government?
(A) Granting monopolies
(B) Providing tax exemptions to infant industries
(C) Acquiring colonies
(D) Defending the state against foreign invasion
(E) Fixing wages and prices
75.The economic policy known as Laissez faire
a. Advocates protectionist tariffs
b. Is based on the notion that everyone has a
right to do anything that they want
c. Is based on the notion that human selfinterest produces natural laws that govern
economic behavior
d. Argues that the government should act as
an “invisible hand” to regulate the economy
e. Was instituted by enlightened despots
76.The doctrine of laissez faire, often attributed to
the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, argued that
a. People should be able to do whatever they
want
b. Scotland should be free of English rule
c. Governments should not try to interfere
with the natural workings of an economy
d. Welfare laws would retard the evolution of
human society
e. Imperial expansion was a necessary
outcome of natural laws
77.An advocate of laissez-faire
a. Advocates protectionist tariffs
b. Argues that only natural laws are legitimate
c. Argues that the government should refrain
from trying to regulate the economy
d. Argues that the government should act as
an “invisible hand to regulate the economy
e. Argues that a monarch rules by the
command of God
78. The most important political thought of the
Enlightenment occurred in
a. France
b. Holland
c. Scotland
d. England
79. He contended that the process of civilization and
the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature
a. Voltaire
b. Smith
c. Descartes
d. Montesquieu
e. Rousseau
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80. Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th
century political thinkers regarded human beings as
individuals and society as a collection of individuals
pursuing personal, selfish goals
a. Bacon
b. Descartes
c. Locke
d. Hobbes
e. Rousseau
81. Most European thinkers associated with the
Enlightenment
a. Were members of the artisan class
b. Favored social revolution
c. Were proponents of democracy
d. Favored the extension of European
empires across the world
e. Were atheists
85. Enlightened monarchs of the eighteenth century
supported all of the following EXCEPT
(A) religious tolerance
(B) increased economic productivity
(C) pacifist foreign policy
(D) administrative reform
(E) secular and technical education
86.Which of the following pairs of European rulers is
generally identified as “enlightened” monarchs?
(A)
Anne of England and Louis XV
(B)
Joseph II and Catherine the Great
(C)
Frederick William I and George III
(D)
Elizabeth I and Mary Stuart
(E)
Peter the Great and Catherine de Médicis
82. Herder is famous for his early view concerning
a. Cultural relativism
b. Intellectual realism
c. Social democracy
d. Economic inequality
e. Relative absolutism
83. In Crime and Punishment(1764), the Italian
philosopher Cesare Beccaria extended the
Enlightenment line of thought by arguing that
a. The purpose of punishment should be to
rehabilitate and reintegrate the individual
into society
b. An all-powerful ruler is necessary to keep
order and prevent crime
c. The death penalty should be abolished
d. The punishment for crimes should be
standard in all kingdoms
e. Society corrupts human nature, which is
naturally good
84. He was a strong monarchist who in 1759
published a History of the Russian Empire under
Peter the Great, which declared, “Peter was born,
and Russia was formed”
a. Voltaire
b. Diderot
c. Descartes
d. Montesquieu
e. Rousseau
87. The painting above depicts the Austrian Emperor
Joseph II (1780-1790) as:
(A) a democratic representative of the common
people
(B) a ruler surveying conquered territories
(C) an Enlightened monarch interested in methods
of improving productivity
(D) the "first servant of the state" who encouraged
Enlightenment philosophes
(E) an advocate of the reeducation of the aristocracy
through forced agricultural labor
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88. Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catherine II
made “ enlightened” reform as part of their drive to
a. Do away with the nobility in their realms
b. Begin the process of moving forward
constitutional monarchy
c. Give commoners more political power
d. Begin the process of moving away from
monarchy
e. Increase revenues and gain political
support
89. This monarch embodies enlightened enlightened
absolutism more than any other . He/she forged a
state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the
junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy , and a growing
bureaucracy
a. Joseph II
b. Catherine II
c. Maria Theresa
d. Peter the Great
e. Frederick the Great
90. Monarchs associated with enlightened with
enlightened absolutism included all of the following
EXCEPT
a. Louis XIV
b. Joseph II
c. Maria Theresa
d. Frederick the Great
e. Catherine II
91. Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this
state what the most diverse in its people and
problems
a. France
b. Prussia
c. Russia
d. Britain
e. Austria
92. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following
EXCEPT
a. Expanded primary education
b. Created central councils to deal with
political problems
c. Limited the amount of labor the nobility
could demand form peasants
d. Created regional legislative councils to give
ordinary people a say in politics
e. Established a very efficient tax system
93. Joseph II of Austria
a. Extended freedom of worship to Muslims
b. Increased the tax burden on the peasantry
c. Built many Catholic seminaries and allowed
the church total autonomy
d. Sought to improve the productivity and
social conditions of the peasantry
e. Reduced the serfs to slaves
94. Catherine the Great of Russia
a. Abandoned the ideals of absolutism
b. Built a strong alliance with the nobility
c. Made an alliance with Poland
d. Replaced the nobles with loyal government
bureaucrats
e. Freed Russian serfs
95. As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine
the Great painlessly annexed this newly independent
state in 1783
a. Estonia
b. Livonia
c. Crimea
d. Finland
e. Romania
96. The most important reason absolute monarchs
like Catherine II and Frederick II attempted reform
was
a. Because they believed in the Enlightenment
b. To strengthen their states
c. To improve the lot of their serfs
d. To gain the respect of the philosophes
e. Because they wanted to show off their
power to other monarchs
97. Joseph II of Austria(1780-1790) has been called
the “ideal Enlightened Despot” for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT
a. He abolished serfdom
b. He fostered freedom of the press
c. He granted religious freedom to most
Christian sects and to Jews
d. He abolished the secret police
e. He suppressed the influence of the Roman
Catholic Church
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98. Catherine the Great was somewhat limited in the
enlightenment reforms she could initiate mainly
because
a. She was female
b. She was fearful after the violence of
Pugachev’s Rebellion
c. Russia was a large, backward country
d. She was more interested in conquest
e. Russian law was cumbersome and difficult
99. A fact that was true of both Frederick the Great
of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria was that
a. Both decreed total religious toleration
b. Both closed monasteries dedicated to
prayer and meditation
c. Both freed serfs
d. Neither imporved education
e. Neither trained a successor
100. Which best characterized Enlightened
Despotism
a. The monarch is an educated person who
exercises absolute authority solely as he
sees fit
b. The monarch encourages the spread of
Deism and rationalism
c. The monarch supports and fosters the
growth of democracy
d. The monarch rules with absolute authority
for the good of the people
e. The monarch believes in the people’s
ultimate right to, and capacity for, self-rule
101. Which of the following was generally not
considered an Enlightened Despot
a. Frederick the Great of Prussia
b. Peter the Great of Russia
c. Catherine the Great of Russian
d. Maria Theresa of Austria
e. Alexander the Great of Russia
102. Frederick II of Prussia proved himself an
enlightened monarch in all of the following ways
EXCEPT
a. Introducing new crops and scientific
agriculture
b. Hosting Voltaire at Potsdam
c. Composing music for the flute
d. Establishing total religious toleration
e. Eliminating torture and establishing
appellate courts
103. Any ambition that Catherine the Great may
have had to reform serfdom in Russia fell by the
wayside after
a. Didierot visited her in Russia
b. Pugachev staged his rebellion in 1773-1774
c. She met with delegated to consider
codifying Russian law
d. She got involved with the partitions of
Poland
e. She was preoccupied with her various
lovers
104. Which of the following statements is most
accurate for those rulers in the 18th century who are
labeled Enlightened Despots
a. They under cut the basis of monarchical
authority
b. They did not under stand many of the
nuances of Englightenment Absolutists
c. They implemented serious reforms that had
long-term consequences for their countries
d. Their toyed with the ideas of reform but
refused to put limits on their royal
prerogatives
e. The made their nations into more rational
constitutional monarchies
105. The philosophes generally
a. Said little about women
b. Advocated fundamental changes in the
social condition of women
c. Saw women as the intellectual equals of
men
d. Believed women to be socially equal but not
politically equal to men
e. Were not avid feminists
106. He maintained that women were not naturally
inferior to men and that women should have a
wider role in society. He was also sympathetic in his
observations concerning the value placed on
women’s appearance and the predjudice women
met as they aged
a. Roussueau
b. Descartes
c. Voltaire
d. Smith
e. Montesquieu
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AP CHAPTER 17 TEST BANK
107. Mary Wollenstonecraft’s Vindication of the
Rights of Women(1792) was the first book published
in Great Britain to
a. Demand that women should be educated
b. Insist on the moral supremacy of women
c. Demand that women should have full
political rights
d. Speculate on the advent of a political party
for women
e. Demand that the monarchy should pass to
the eldest child, regardless of whether they
are male or female
108. Women played their most prominent role
during the Enlightenment by
a. Serving as a major topic for the philosophes
b. Writng books and political tracts
c. Declining to participate in any social events
d. Sponsoring salons
e. Rejecting enlightened ideals
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