Intro to Cell Biology
VOCAB ONLY
Original Source: Brookings School District http://local.brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/reviewlink.htm
http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/ani-turtle.html
Another name for
a “living thing”
organism
Particle found in the nucleus of
an atom with a positive charge
proton
Process in which offspring are
produced by combining genetic material
from 2 parents
Sexual reproduction
Process in which offspring are
produced from the genetic material
of a single parent
Asexual reproduction
http://faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links.htm
Structural polysaccharide used to
make plants sturdy
cellulose
Special kind of nucleotide used by
cells to store the energy released
from burning glucose.
ATP
RIBOSE
Image by Riedell
Unfolding that happens to a protein
in extreme temperatures or pH that
causes it to change shape
denaturing
Stimulus that comes from outside
an organism
External stimulus
An organized way of using
evidence to learn about the
natural world
science
A short DNA segment that gives
the instructions for a protein
gene
The subunits made of a nitrogen
base, and sugar, and a phosphate
group used to make nucleic acids
nucleotides
Polysaccharide used by animal cells
to store glucose for later
glycogen
http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif
Kind of lipid made from carbon and
hydrogen joined in rings instead of
chains that make up cell membranes and
can act as hormones
steroids
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_essentials_2/cipl/03/HTML/source/03-16-steroids-nl.htm
Carbohydrate molecule like glucose
that is made from only ONE sugar
molecule
monosaccharide
Scale used to measure acidity
pH
Molecule formed when a substrate bonds
to the active site of an enzyme
Enzyme-substrate complex
Another name for a heterotroph
consumer
Atomic particle with a negative
charge electron
A signal to which an
organism responds
stimulus
Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif
Place in an atom where electrons
orbit
Energy levels
Neutral particle found in the
nucleus of an atom neutron
Molecule such as glycogen, starch, or
cellulose, made by joining many
monosaccharide (sugar) molecules
together polysaccharide
The basic unit of life is the ________.
cell
The process in which cells change
as they grow and develop to
become specialized with different
functions
differentiation
http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
Embryonic cell that has the
potential to differentiate into a
variety cell types
Stem cell
Reactant that binds to the active
site of an enzyme during a
chemical reaction
substrate
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/fig5x27b.jpg
5 carbon sugar used to
make RNA
ribose
Macromolecule made of a polar
glycerol phosphate head and
non- polar tails used to
make cell membranes
phospholipid
Image by Riedell
All the chemical reactions through
which an organism builds up or
breaks down materials as it carries out
its life processes
metabolism
Organism made of many cells
multicellular
Molecules found in living things
that contain CARBON
organic
The carbohydrate molecule that
cells burn to release energy
glucose
Place on an enzyme where the
substrate attaches
Active site
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif
Protein that carries oxygen found
in red blood cells
hemoglobin
Kind of chemical reaction used by cells
to join molecules together by removing
an H and OH to make a water molecule
Dehydration synthesis
http://www.chemicalconnection.org.uk/chemistry/topics/images/pp3.jpg
Organism made of only one cell
unicellular
Chemical reaction in which a molecule
is broken apart by the addition of the
H and OH from a water molecule
hydrolysis
Molecule that is REALLY,
REALLY BIG
macromolecule
Stimulus that comes from inside
an organism
internal stimulus
Process by which organisms maintain a
relatively stable internal environment
homeostasis
Substances produced during a chemical
reaction that are found on the right
side of a chemical equation
products
Describes a polar molecule that mixes
easily with water; means “water
loving”
hydrophilic
Small unit that can join together with
other small units to form polymers
monomer
Image by Riedell
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Molecule made of a protein with
carbohydrates attached found
in cell membranes that helps
in cell identification
glycoprotein
Protein hormone, missing in people
with diabetes, that tells cells to store
glucose as glycogen
insulin
Double stranded nucleic acid molecule
containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases
found in chromosomes that stores
genetic information
DNA
Macromolecule made by joining
MANY sugar molecules together in a
chain
polysaccharide
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/sugars.html
http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg
Energy required to get a
chemical reaction started
Activation energy
Substance that speeds up a chemical
reaction by decreasing the
activation energy
catalyst
Protein that acts as a biological
catalyst in living things to help
chemical reactions happen faster
enzyme
Attraction between oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules involving
the hydrogen atoms of one molecule
and the partially
negatively charged
atoms in another
molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Images from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
Macromolecule that contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, made
by joining amino acid subunits
protein
Molecule with an uneven pattern of
electric charges; More + on one side/
more – on the other
polar
Image from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
Image from: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/fig5x27b.jpg
5 carbon sugar used to make DNA
deoxyribose
An atom that has gained or lost
electrons so it has an electric charge
ion
Substances on the left side of a
chemical equation which react
reactants
Describes a non-polar molecule that tries to
stay away from water;
hydrophobic
means “water fearing”
One of the components (including
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine,
or uracil) that make up nucleotides
Nitrogen bases
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms usually in a ratio of
1 C: 2 H: 1 O which is a major source of
energy for the human body
carbohydrate
Large molecule made by joining
smaller monomer subunits together
polymer
Image by Riedell
Macromolecule made mainly of carbon and
hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and
waxes and steroids, which is generally
hydrophobic
lipid
Macromolecule made of nucleotide subunits
containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus which stores and
transports information in cells and helps
in protein synthesis
nucleic acid
Single stranded nucleic acid that contains
the sugar ribose and the nitrogen bases
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Subunit used to make proteins made up
of a carbon atom attached to
a hydrogen,
a carboxyl group (-COOH),
an amino group
(-NH2) , and a variable R group
Amino acid
Image by Riedell
Polysaccharide used by PLANT cells
to store glucose for later
starch
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
The science of life (study of
living things) is called
_______________
biology
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Organism that obtains energy from
the food it consumes; also called
a consumer
heterotroph
Organism that can capture energy from
sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce its own food; also called a
producer
autotroph
Change in an organism over time;
Process by which modern organisms
have descended from ancient
organisms
evolution
Another name for an autotroph
producer
Attraction between oppositely
charged regions of nearby molecules
Van der Waals forces
The process plants use to capture
energy from the sun and make glucose
photosynthesis