AVP3
Types of Fiber Optic
and their
specifications
Mohammed Talat Melebari 123
ICT-TE-7-A
2/23/2014
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
Department
Topic
ICT-TE-7
Types of Fiber Optic and their
specifications
Name\ID
Mohammed Talat Melebari
123
Contents:
Learning Conditions: .................................................................1
1
1.1
Trainees: .........................................................................................1
1.2
College: ..........................................................................................1
1.3
Classroom: ......................................................................................2
Didactic reflection: ....................................................................3
2
2.1
CURRICULUM ANALYSIS: ..........................................................3
2.2
CONTENT ANALYSIS: .................................................................4
2.2.1
What is Fiber Optic?................................4
2.2.2
Fiber Optic communication system: ..........4
2.2.3
Structure of Fiber Optic: ..........................4
2.2.4
How is Fiber Optic work? .........................4
2.2.5
Advantages and disadvantages of F.O: ......5
2.2.6
Application of Fiber Optic: .......................5
2.2.7
Types of Fiber Optic: ...............................5
2.3
DIDACTIC ANALYSIS : .......................................................................6
Lesson plan: .............................................................................8
3
3.1
GENERAL INFORMATION : .................................................................8
3.2
OBJECTIVES : ...................................................................................8
3.3
OVERVIEW OF THE INTENDED PROCESS (50 MINUTES) .....................9
4
Application of didactic principles: ............................................. 12
5
References: ............................................................................. 12
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
1 Learning Conditions:
1.1 Trainees:
NO
Name
ID
Age
1
Mohammed
.M
Khaled
Ahmed
Badr
Rame
Mohammed
Nasser
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
2
3
4
5
6
7
24
Former
School
CTI/Riyadh
Home
City
Riyadh
Last
Certificate
Diploma
Last
Grading
A
30
22
21
23
24
21
CTI/Jeddah
CTI/Riyadh
CTI/Riyadh
COT/ABHA
CTI/Riyadh
CTI/Jeddah
Riyadh
Dammam
Riyadh
ABHA
Riyadh
Jeddah
Diploma
Diploma
Diploma
Diploma
Diploma
Diploma
B+
C
D+
B+
A+
D
They are 7 trainees in the class and each student has at least the
general certificate of secondary education in the
Telecommunications. The learning level of the trainees has major
different. Performances are Fars and Mohammed. They participate
very actively in class .Their contribution to teaching are good to
very good. The work order and homework get quickly accepted.
Also the presentation of results should be assessed positively. And I
took the trainees grades in English tested and found that the average
grades ranging from 10.6 to 15 from 15 degrees. And I can see that
in the right of average score of trainees in general very good. All
trainees are together along well and very good trainees are helpful
and support with their trainees. And I will make discussion with
them about everything.
1.2 College:
I have a theory lesson, and I have Power Point I will use it in the
presentation of the lesson to make the lesson interesting. That can
help me to transfer the knowledge to the trainees, and I will show
them pictures and video to make easy deliver the information. And
I will use a white board and flipchart to draw and write some and
answer, also I give to trainees handout has specific information
about Fiber Optic.
1|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
1.3 Classroom:
I will use 8.243 classrooms in the VP building and the lesson will
be at 7:30 AM. This time it is bitter for this lesson because this
lesson more theoretical and at 7:30 the trainees can understand
easily than afternoon because in the afternoon. In this class I
should motivate the trainees by asking questions and do group
work because if I motivate the trainees they will be more active
and understand the lesson. I should ask the trainees about
everything it is clear. Also I organized everything before my
lesson.
2|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
2 Didactic reflection:
2.1 CURRICULUM ANALYSIS:
Course title: Transmission Lines and Optic Fiber.
Course code: COM 240
Contact hours: L: 4 Hours, W: 2 Hours, T: Course description: This course covers the principle of operation and
types of transmission lines and optical fibers and their technical
specifications. Also covered are methods of connecting optical fibers,
transmission characteristics of optical fibers, light sources and photo
detectors.
Prerequisites course: Basics of Communications (COM 136)
Description of the General objectives: This course aims to give trainees
the basic knowledge in the field of optical fibers, transmission
characteristics and to participate in the design of optical fiber
communication systems.
Specific course objectives: At the end of this course, the trainees will be
able to:
 Understand the principle of operation of optical fibers and their
types.
 Be familiar with classification of optical fibers.
 Understand the transmission characteristics of optical fibers.
 Be familiar with fiber optic cables, construction, types and
characteristics.
Unit: Types of Fiber Optic cables and their specifications.
One specific course objective related to the lesson is (
optic cables types and specifications.).
3|Page
Determine fiber
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
2.2 CONTENT ANALYSIS:
Actually this lesson is the first lesson in this subject so, does not have a
previously lesson.
2.2.1
What is Fiber Optic?
A fiber optic fiber is made of pure glass, and it is a long and thin and
slightly thicker than a human hair. Combines many these fibers in
bundles within the optic cables, used in optical signal transmission for
very long distances.
2.2.2Fiber Optic communication system:
The major components of an Optical Fiber communication system are:
 Optical source: Helps the electrical input signal to be modulated
by a light wave carrier (electrical-optical conversion). E.g. Light
emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes (LDs).
 Transmission medium: An optical fiber which provides the
transmission of optical wave from the transmitter to the receiver.
 Optical detector: Provides demodulation of the optical carrier
(optical- electrical conversion).e.g.: Photodiodes, phototransistors
and photoconductors.
2.2.3Structure of Fiber Optic:
 Core: thin glass center of the fiber where
light travels.
 Cladding:
outer
optical
material
surrounding the core.
 Buffer Coating: plastic coating that
protects the fiber.
2.2.4 How is Fiber Optic work?
An optical fiber is a long, thin strand of clear material. Its shape is usually
similar to a cylinder. In the center, it has a core. Around the core is a
layer called the cladding? The core and cladding are made of different
kinds of glass or plastic, so that light travels slower in the core than it
does in the cladding. If the light in the core hits the edge of the cladding
at a shallow angle, it bounces off. Light can travel inside the core and
bounce off of the cladding. No light escapes until it comes to the end of
the fiber, unless the fiber is bent sharply or stretched. If the cladding of
4|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
the fiber is scratched, it may break. A plastic coating called
the buffer covers the cladding to protect it. Often, the buffered fiber is put
inside an even tougher layer, called the jacket. This makes it easy to use
the fiber without breaking it.
2.2.5








Advantages and disadvantages of Fiber Optic:
Advantages:
Smaller in size and weight.
Electrical isolation.
Increased signal security.
Low transmission loss.
Larger information carrying capacity.
Disadvantages:
Expensive over short distance.
Requires highly skilled installers.
Adding additional nodes is difficult.
2.2.6Application of Fiber Optic:






Long distance Telecommunications
Local Telephone Networks
Local Area Networks
Internet and data communications
Cable TV
Military Communications
2.2.7Types of Fiber Optic:
Basic types of fiber cables structures are available:
1. Tight buffered fiber cable.
2. Ribbon Fiber Cable.
3. Loose tube cable.
1. Tight buffered fiber cable:
 Each fiber is individually encapsulated
in 900 µm diameter plastic buffer
structure.
 Enables direct plugging with connectors.
5|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
 This resists for moisture and temperature effects.
 Used for indoor applications.
2. Ribbon Fiber Cable:
 Fibers are aligned very tightly each
other than are encapsulated in a plastic
buffer.
 A ribbon typically has from 4 to 12
fibers.
 Used in facilitating filed operations of
splicing cables.
3. Loose Tube Fiber Cable:
 One or more fibers are enclosed thermoplastic tubes.
 This tube is filled by a dry water blocking
gel which facilitates the fibers to be moved
freely and prevents moisture entering to the
tube.
 Optional copper wires are used to power inline equipment.
 Used in outdoor long-haul communication
applications.
After I finish my lesson the trainees have their knowledge to
understand the next lesson.it is about the Transmission Characteristics
of Optical Fibers. It has two types loss the signal of fiber optic the first
is Attenuation and another is Dispersion.
2.3 DIDACTIC ANALYSIS:
In this lesson I use different methods. First of all, I
will do story for the trainees about my problem. That
method makes the trainers fully attention and
motivates them to understand. Next I will explain for
the trainees what is the Fiber Optic, structure of Fiber
Optic and the types of it. Show the steps of the lesson
clearly and organize. I use whiteboard and flipchart to
make the trainees write own solve and the other
trainees see the answer. Third, I will show the trainees video about how
6|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
it work and also do group work to make them more active. In Addison I
will make group work to research and find about advantages and
disadvantages of fiber optic and write on flipchart. This method make
every trainees think and get self-responsibility after that all the class share
the result this help to get action-from and social-from .Finally, I will give
the trainees handout to document the topic, and help the trainees to
remember the topic.
7|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
3 Lesson plan:
3.1 GENERAL INFORMATION:
Topic: Types of Fiber Optic and their specifications.
Name: Mohammed Talat Melebari (123)
Date: 23/02/2014
3.2 OBJECTIVES:
A. General Objectives:
The Trainees are able to……
 Work together in group work. (affective)
 Create a nice and efficient work atmosphere. (affective)
 Make an active class. (affective)
B. Specific Objectives:
The Trainees are able to……
 Describe Fiber Optic briefly. (cognitive, reorganization)
 Draw the communication system of Optical Fiber. (cognitive,
Reproduction)
 Describe the Optical Fiber structure. (cognitive,
reorganization)
 Analyze how Fiber Optic works. (cognitive, transfer)
 List the advantage of Fiber Optic. (cognitive, reorganization)
 List types of Fiber Optic. (cognitive, reproduction)
8|Page
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
3.3 OVERVIEW OF THE INTENDED PROCESS (50 MINUTES)
Opening / Entrance / Motivation
Expected Traineraction
 The trainer will
introduce the
lesson by
greeting the
trainees.
 The trainer will
take the
attendance.
Expected Traineeaction
Time
Methodology
Minutes
 The trainees will
great bake the trainer.
Introduction
 The trainees will say
present.
Power
point
-The trainee will
focus in questions
and how to solve it.

Media
 The trainers will  The trainees will
start the lesson
focus on the story and
with a story
try to interact with the
trainers.
Slide
number 1
story
Classroom
conversation
Body (Information / Elaboration)
Expected Trainer-action
9|Page
Expected Traineeaction
6 min
Time
Methodology
Media
Minutes
AVP3
 The trainer will tell to
trainees what are his
objectives?
 The trainer will
explain what is Fiber
Optic
 The trainer will ask
one of trainees to
draw Fiber Optic
communication
system on
whiteboard.
TRTS
23/02/2014
Power Point
Slide number 2
 The trainees
will keep
attention with
the trainer.
5 min
lecture
Power Point
Slide number 3
 One of trainees
will draw F.O
communication
system and the
other will take
notes on the
worksheet.
Power Point
Classroom Slide number 4
conversation
whiteboard
5 min
 The trainer will ask
the trainees what is
the structure of Fiber
Optic?
 The trainees try
to answer the
question and
write notes on
the worksheet.
 The trainer will do an
experiment about how
is F.O work.
 The trainees try
to understand
the idea.
Power Point
Classroom
conversation Slide number 5
Power Point
Slide number 6
Experiment
9 min
 The trainer will show
the trainees small
video about how is
10 | P a g e
 The trainees
will be focus on
and write notes
Video
AVP3
TRTS
F.O work
23/02/2014
on the
worksheet.
 The trainer will ask the
trainees what is
Advantages and
Disadvantage of Fiber
Optic?
 The trainees
Search on the
internet to answer
the question and
share their
knowledge.
Group work
 The trainer will ask
the trainees about
what is application of
Fiber Optic?
 The trainees try
to answer the
question and
take notes on
the worksheet.
Classroom
conversation
I pad
10 min
Flipchart
Whit board
Power Point
Slide number 8
10 min
 The trainer will explain
about types of Fiber
Optic to the trainees?
 The trainees try
to answer the
question and be
attention.
Close (Reflection, Exercises, Homework,
Feedback)
Expected Traineraction
 The trainers do
a quick review
with the
trainees and
expect any
questions.
11 | P a g e
Lecture
Slide number
9,10,11,12
Methodology
Time
Media
Minutes
Expected Trainee-action
 The trainees ask
questions if they
have.
Power Point
Classroom
conversation
5
AVP3
TRTS
23/02/2014
4 Application of didactic principles:
 Didactic Principles of motivation by doing a story and discussions
at the beginning of the lesson.
 Didactic Principles of reduction by using vertical reduction.
 Didactic Principles of methodological change by using social and
action form.
 Didactic Principles of vividness by using pictures, color and video.
 Didactic Principles of self-activity by doing group work.
 Didactic Principles of securing the learning progress by deliver the
work sheet at the end of the lesson.
5
References:

Transmission Lines and Optic Fiber, Publisher is The Technical
and Vocational Training Corporation; viewed 17/02/2014.
 Fiber-optic communication. Retrieved from wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication ; visited
17/02/2014.
 Optical Fiber Communications, Publisher is The Technical
Trainers College; viewed 17/02/2014.
 Fiber optic cables: How they work, Retrieved from YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MwMkBET_5I;visited
17/02/2014.
12 | P a g e