Which of the following does not involve
relations between Indians and colonists
in New England?
A) Squanto assisting the Plymouth Separatists
B) King Philip's (or Metacom's) War
C) "praying towns"
D) the Powhatan Confederacy
E) Pequot War

D) the Powhatan Confederacy

Explanation: Powhatan, the father of
Pocahantas, was the Indian leader of a
group of tribes in the tidewater region of
colonial Virginia. Squanto's assistance,
King Philip's War, "praying towns," and
the Pequot War all involve relations
between Indians and colonists in New
England.

“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The
eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely
with our God in this work we have undertaken... we shall be
made a story and a by-word throughout the world. We shall
open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God...
We shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and
cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us til we be
consumed out of the good land whither we are a-going.”
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
William Penn
William Bradford
Roger Williams
John Winthrop
John Smith

D) John Winthrop

Explanation: While still on board the Arbella which had brought
Winthrop, Puritans, and others to Massachusetts Bay Colony in
1630, he read his famous "city upon a hill" sermon in which he
characterized the Puritans as providing a moral beacon for the
world. American leaders, most recently President Ronald
Reagan, have adopted Winthrop's message in their promotion
of American exceptionalism. President John Kennedy, just before
his inauguration in 1961, pointed to Winthrop's model when he
wrote "For we are setting out upon a voyage in 1961 no less
hazardous than that undertaken by the Arbella in 1630. We are
committing ourselves to tasks of statecraft no less awesome than
that of governing the Massachusetts Bay Colony, beset as it was
then by terror without and disorder within. History will not judge
our endeavors—and a government cannot be selected—merely
on the basis of color or creed or even party affiliation. Neither will
competence and loyalty and stature, while essential to the
utmost, suffice in times such as these. For of those to whom much
is given, much is required."

A) a group of Virginia colonists, unhappy with the
presence of Indians in the colony, attacked various Indian
tribes, burned down the capital of Jamestown and forced
the royal governor and his troops to flee
B) a charismatic black preacher inspired a slave uprising
that resulted in the deaths of 56 whites in Virginia
C) promised their freedom by the Spanish governor of
Florida, a group of mostly Catholic slaves organized a
rebellion in South Carolina
D) a group of vigilantes living in Pennsylvania murdered 20
Indians following the French & Indian War
E) 26 slaves were hanged upon discovery of plans of a
revolt in Virginia organized by a slave named Gabriel

C) promised their freedom by the Spanish governor
of Florida, a group of mostly Catholic slaves
organized a rebellion in South Carolina

Explanation: The 1739 Stono Rebellion was the largest
slave uprising in the British American colonies. A
group of about 20 slaves seized arms, marched south
towards Florida and were eventually captured or
killed. The revolt resulted in the deaths of over 100
whites and blacks and led to the passage of the 1740
Negro Act limiting the privileges of slaves. Other
choices: A)Bacon's Rebellion; B) Nat Turner's Revolt;
D) Paxton Boys; E) Prosser's (or Gabriel's) Rebellion.

Of the following colonies, which was
established by Cecil Calvert and
became known as a religious refuge for
Roman Catholics?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Rhode Island
Georgia
Connecticut

(B) Maryland
Explanation: Cecil Calvert, also known as
Lord Baltimore, received a charter from
King Charles I for Maryland in 1632, though
he never visited his colony. Maryland
practiced religious toleration and was
viewed as a refuge for Catholic immigrants,
particularly during the reign of the Puritans
and Oliver Cromwell in England. The
Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
guaranteed religious freedom for Christians.
 Which
of the following, while
searching for the Northwest Passage,
was set adrift with his son by mutinous
crew members and disappeared
without a trace in 1611?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
John Cabot
Alexander Mackenzie
William Parry
John Franklin
Henry Hudson

E) Henry Hudson

Explanation: The British government and scientific
organizations funded a number of voyages in search
of the Northwest Passage from the 17th to the 19th
centuries. Many ended tragically, including Henry
Hudson's 1610-11 adventure. Following a season of
exploring, Hudson wanted to continue, but members
of his crew set him off in a small boat with his
teenage son and six loyal crew members. The
mutineers returned to England but were never tried
for their mutiny.

A) she was banished from the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
B) she was accused of teaching both men
and women in her home
C) when on trial, she admitted to receiving
divine revelation from God for her beliefs
D) she was accused of preaching Quaker
doctrines
E) she and most of her family were
eventually killed by Indians in 1643

D) she was accused of preaching Quaker doctrines

Explanation: Anne Hutchinson took a courageous stand when
confronted by the political and religious authorities in Massachusetts
Bay. She was put on trial for what were considered her heretical
beliefs and accused of criticizing the Puritan ministers as well as
teaching both men and women in Bible studies in her home. She
was expelled from Massachusetts Bay in 1638. In her trial testimony
she stated to the court "...you have no power over my body, neither
can you do me any harme, for I am in the hands of the eternall
Jehovah my Saviour, I am at his appointment, the bounds of my
habitation are cast in heaven, no further doe I esteeme of any
mortal man than creatures in his hand, I feare none but the great
Jehovah, which hath foretold me of these things, and I doe verily
beleeve that he will deliver me out of our hands, therefore take
heed how you proceed against me; for I know that for this you goe
about to doe to me, God will ruine you and your posterity, and this
whole state."

I. the headright system which increased land
ownership
II. allowing for the export of tobacco to England
III. limiting land ownership to members of the Church
of England
IV. providing a representative assembly
A) I and II only
B) II, III, and IV only
C) I, II, and IV only
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

C) I, II, and IV only

Explanation: Though the first colonists in Virginia
had to survive starvation and Indian attacks, by
the middle of the 17th century Virginia was a
thriving colony. The headright system provided
50 acres of land for each immigrant and 50
more for each indentured servant brought from
England. Tobacco proved to be a hugely
successful crop and the House of Burgesses,
established in 1619, provided a form of selfgovernment that encouraged settlement.
 The
most profitable economic
activity of New France was

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
lumber production
fur trading
silver mining
fishing
shipbuilding

B)
fur trading

Explanation: While fishing cod was the first
profitable activity in French colonies in
North America, fur-trading (particularly of
beaver) soon became the dominant
occupation of colonists. Dutch and British
interests competed with the French furtraders who established extensive trading
relationships with a number of Indian tribes.
 What
was the system used by
Spanish colonial leaders that kept
Indians working in mines and fields
in almost slave-like conditions?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
seigneur and habitant
hacienda
mayordomía or cargo system
cofradías
encomienda

E)
encomienda

Explanation: The encomienda system granted control
of a group of natives to an individual who was
expected to protect them from warring tribes. In
exchange, they could exact tribute from the Indians
in the form of labor, food, or precious metals. Soldiers,
conquistadors, and officials were granted
encomiendas, which often were run in a corrupt and
cruel manner. Its excesses were exposed in the
writings of Father Bartolomé de las Casas and it was
eventually eliminated in Spanish America.

A) they lived on the west coast of Mexico
B) their writing system used over 1000
glyphs or phonetic symbols
C) they used pulleys, wheels, and other
sophisticated engineering techniques in the
construction of pyramids
D) their culture developed very little art in
contrast to other American Indian cultures
E) their diet consisted mostly of potatoes

B) their writing system used over 1000 glyphs or
phonetic symbols

Explanation: The Mayans lived on the Yucatan
Peninsula and the neighboring regions of what are
now Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Mexico. Their
massive stepped pyramids were built without the
benefit of wheels or pulleys and required enormous
numbers of workers to complete. Mayan art is among
the most sophisticated of all Indian groups, featuring
pottery, statuary, and murals. The diet of the Mayans
consisted mainly of corn, beans, and squash.
 The
eastern woodlands Indians, who
lived roughly in the area between the
Mississippi River and the Atlantic coast,
featured all of the following except

A) large ceremonial mounds in several locations
B) a peaceful, non-warlike relationship with
neighboring tribal groups
C) a hunting-gathering culture, sometimes moving
on a seasonal basis
D) a complex social system typically divided into
classes, with a chief, his children, nobles and
commoners
E) wigwams and longhouses covered with tree bark

B) their writing system used over 1000 glyphs or
phonetic symbols

Explanation: The Mayans lived on the Yucatan
Peninsula and the neighboring regions of what are
now Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Mexico. Their
massive stepped pyramids were built without the
benefit of wheels or pulleys and required enormous
numbers of workers to complete. Mayan art is among
the most sophisticated of all Indian groups, featuring
pottery, statuary, and murals. The diet of the Mayans
consisted mainly of corn, beans, and squash.

A) the Sioux of the plains
B) the Iroquois of the eastern
woodlands
C) the Chumash of the California
Coast
D) the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest
E) the Hohokam of the Southwest

E) the Hohokam of the Southwest

Explanation: The Hohokam people built
canals and irrigation ditches that stretched
through what is now Arizona. Some required
years of digging with primitive hand tools
and were up to twelve miles in length. The
Hohokam settlements were abandoned
some time in the 1400s.

A) Francisco Pizarro and 180 men captured and
killed Incan king Atahualpa who commanded an
army of 80,000 soldiers
B) the main crop of the Incas was potatoes which
were grown on terraces in the mountainous terrain of
the Andes
C) the Incas used a knotted rope system, known as
quipu, to record information
D) originating in the Andes Mountains, the Incan
empire spread throughout South and Central
America by the arrival of the Spanish in the 1520s
E) the Incas comprised the largest empire in preColumbian America

D) originating in the Andes Mountains, the Incan empire
spread throughout South and Central America by the
arrival of the Spanish in the 1520s
Explanation: The Incans had the largest empire in preColumbian America, located along the Andean region on
the west coast of South America. Despite greatly
outnumbering the Spanish under Pizarro's leadership,
Incan king Atahualpa became a prisoner, offered huge
amounts of gold and silver as a ransom, and was
eventually killed by the Spanish. Unlike the maize raised by
Mayans and Aztecs, Incans farmed potatoes as their main
crop. They also used an elaborate rope-and-knot system
for some form of record-keeping.

Almost 500 years before Columbus arrived in the New
World in 1492, Norsemen became the first
Europeans to reach North America, landing in
Newfoundland in the year around the year 1000.
Which of the following statements about their
adventure is accurate?
A) it resulted in a thriving colony that traded
extensively with Indian tribes along the East Coast
B) explored by the Norsemen, the land known as
Vinland was probably first spotted around 986 by
Bjarni Herjulfsson who refused his crew's request to go
ashore
C) extensive archaeological remains of the colony
exist today at a number of locations
D) the only sign of the Norsemen's presence was
the word "CROATAN" written on a tree
E) historians believe only men were present on the
voyage

B) explored by the Norsemen, the land known as Vinland
was probably first spotted around 986 by Bjarni Herjulfsson
who refused his crew's request to go ashore
Explanation: Leif Ericson is credited with the first European
visit to the New World, though the impact of his Norsemen
settlers was insignificant and short-lived. He had heard of
Vinland from Herjulfsson and led a colonizing group of
unknown size, which the limited archaeological evidence
that has been found suggests included women as well as
men. "CROATAN," written on a tree, was the only record
left by a group of missing English settlers on Roanoke
Island in Virginia in 1585.