AP Psychology:
“Confusing Pairs”
 The below sheet contains a number of terms and concepts from AP Psychology that are frequently confused with each other
 All of the below terms can be found in the textbook, in your notes, or both.
 My recommendation would be in the space below each term/concept:
o Define it
o Give an example
o Write which unit the term/concept comes from
 Basically, make sure that you:
o Completely and utterly understand each of the below terms/concepts.
o Are able to apply each term/concept in a real world setting
o Understand how the two terms/concepts in each pair are different from each other.
 I will not be collecting or checking this assignment.
Independent Variable
vs.
Dependent Variable
Experimental Group
vs.
Control Group
Sympathetic Nervous System
vs.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Neurotransmitters
vs.
Hormones
Lateral Hypothalamus
vs.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Broca’s Area
vs.
Wernicke’s Area
Identical twins
vs.
Fraternal twins
Afferent Neurons
vs.
Efferent Neurons
Assimilation
vs.
Accommodation
Concrete Operational
vs.
Formal Operational
Sensation
vs.
Perception
Rods
vs.
Cones
Classical Conditioning
vs.
Operant Conditioning
Primacy Effect
vs.
Recency Effect
Proactive Interference
vs.
Retroactive Interference
Implicit Memory
vs.
Explicit Memory
Recall
vs.
Recognition
Algorithms
vs.
Heuristics
Representative Heuristics
vs.
Availability Heuristics
Phonemes
vs.
Morphemes
Fluid Intelligence
vs.
Crystallized Intelligence
Validity
vs.
Reliability
Achievement Test
vs.
Aptitude test
Intrinsic Motivation
vs.
Extrinsic Motivation
Internal Locus
vs.
External Locus
Type A
vs.
Type B
Antagonist
vs.
Agonist
Schizophrenia
vs.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Positive correlation
vs.
Negative correlation
Random selection
vs.
Random sampling
Random selection
vs.
Random assignment
Measures of Central Tendency
vs.
Measures of Variation
Mean
vs.
Median
Effector cells
vs.
Sensory receptor
Additive color theory
vs.
Subtractive color theory
Hyperopia
vs.
Myopia
Frequency theory
vs.
Place theory
Vision: Long wavelengths
vs.
Vision: Short wavelengths
Vision: High amplitudes
vs.
Vision: Low amplitudes
Hearing: Long wavelengths
vs.
Hearing: Short wavelengths
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Hearing: High amplitudes
vs.
Hearing: Low amplitudes
Top-down processing
vs.
Bottom-up processing
Ratio schedule
vs.
Interval schedule
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
vs.
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Semantics
vs.
Syntax
James-Lange theory
vs.
Cannon-Bard theory
 What are the differences amongst the four lobes in terms of sensory processing
Frontal lobe
vs.
Parietal lobe
vs.
vs.
Occipital lobe
Schachter two-factor theory
vs.
Temporal lobe