Energy, Heat and Heat Transfer
Earth Science Intro Unit
I will be able to describe Energy and the two types
of energy.
What is Energy?
Energy
1. Is the ability to cause
change
2. Two general forms of
energy are
a. Kinetic energy
b. Potential energy
I will be able to describe Energy and the two types
of energy.
What is Potential Energy?
Potential Energy
1. Energy at rest
2. Stored energy
I will be able to describe Energy and the two types
of energy.
What is Potential Energy?
• Potential Energy
– Examples:
• A ball held above the
ground has potential
energy because the force
of gravity can pull it
down.
• Stretching a rubber band
increases its potential
energy because of its
condition.
I will be able to describe Energy and the two types
of energy.
What is Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic Energy
1.Is the energy of an
object that is due to
motion
2.All moving objects have
kinetic energy
3.The faster the particles
move the more kinetic
energy they have
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
Temperature
Measure of the average
kinetic energy of all
particles.
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
Temperature
1.Cooler Liquids
a.Move Slower
a.Lower Temperature
2.Warmer Liquids
a.Move faster
a.Higher Temperature
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
How is Temperature Measured?
Thermometer
An instrument used to
measure temperature.
Units:
1.Celsius (˚C)
2. Fahrenheit (˚F)
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
What are the Temperature Scales??
•
Most commonly used
•
Used mostly in the
US
•
•
•
Used by physics
Kelvin not degrees
Lowest temp =
absolute zero
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
What is Thermal Energy?
Thermal Energy
Total kinetic energy of all
particles in a substance.
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
How is Temperature different from Thermal Energy?
• Difference?
– Temperature = average
kinetic energy.
– Thermal Energy = total
energy
– Example:
• A lake and glass of water
can have the same
temperature.
– A lake has more
molecules so it has
more thermal energy.
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
What is Heat?
Heat
Is the energy transferred
from an object of a
higher temperature to
an object of a lower
temperature.
1. Always flows from hot
to cold or more energy
to less energy
2.. Three ways it is
transferred
Hot to Cold
I will be able to define and describe temperature,
thermal energy and heat.
How can heat affect the state of matter?
Heat / State of Matter
1. State of a substance
depends on the speed of
the particles.
2. Adding / removing heat
can result in a change of
state.
Example:
• Adding heat to ice cube
changes it from a solid to
a liquid
I will be able to compare and contrast the three
types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
• Energy Transfer Stations
I will be able to compare and contrast the three
types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Radiation - transfer of energy as
heat by electromagnetic waves.
Examples:
1.Radio waves
3. infrared waves
4. visible light
5. ultraviolet waves
6. x-rays
7. gamma rays
1.
2.
Can travel through empty space.
Cannot see it, but feel it as heat
(infrared)
Examples:
1.Sunlight
2.Open Fire
3.Living things
I will be able to compare and contrast the three
types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Conduction - transfer of energy
as heat by direct contact.
1.Occurs when objects of different
temperatures touch each other.
2.Can occur with a single object.
• Energy is transferred from the
warmer part to the cooler part.
I will be able to compare and contrast the three
types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Convection - transfer of energy
as heat by the movement of a
liquid or gas.
1.Convection occurs when a
cooler (denser) substance
sinks and a warmer (less
dense) substance rises.
2.Creates a convection current.
3. Warm rises (less dense) and
cool sinks (more dense)
I will be able to explain how convection transfers
heat energy.
How a Convection Current Works?
– Warmer Fluids
• Particles move faster.
• Particles spread out
• Density becomes less
and fluid rises.
– Cooler fluids
• Particles move slower
• Particles come together
• Density increases, fluid
sinks.