CIVIL WAR
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
NORTH
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
•Larger population
Faced hostile people
•More industry
Southern territory unfamiliar
•More resources
•Better banking system
•More railroad mileage
•Better leader (Abraham Lincoln)
•More ships
•Better balance between farming
and industry
Functioning Government
CIVIL WAR
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
SOUTH
ADVANTAGES
Strong popular support
Familiar territory
Superior military training facilities
DISADVANTAGES
Smaller population
Few factories
Less food production
Fewer railroad miles
Fewer ships
Jefferson Davis
Belief in states’ rights
CIVIL WAR
PROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH
NORTH
• “Peace Democrats” (also called
“Copperheads”) favored a truce
with the Confederacy
• Enlistments declined
• Bounties offered – failed
• Draft law drew names of men
20-45
• Could buy out of it for $300
• Draft riots took place in New
York City in July, 1863
SOUTH
• Enlistments declined
• Draft law drew names of men
18-35 to serve for 3 years
• could hire a substitute
• Bombing raids caused people to have
to leave their homes
• Blockade caused imported goods to
disappear
• Crops were destroyed, railroads were
torn apart
• Clothing wore out and could not be
replaced
CIVIL WAR
STRATEGIES
NORTH
The Anaconda Plan
1. Blockade the South
2. Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi River
3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
CIVIL WAR
STRATEGIES
SOUTH
WIN RECOGNITION AS AN
INDEPENDENT NATION
1. Capture Washington, D.C.
2. Seize central Pennsylvania
3. Defend homeland until
North tired of fighting
4. Get Britain to pressure
North to end blockade to
restore cotton supplies
CIVIL WAR
BATTLES, 1861-1862
1st BATTLE OF MANASSAS/ BULL RUN
July 21, 1861
- Northerners expected a quick
victory and an early end to
the war.
- Residents of Washington,
D.C. came out to watch
- Confederates won the battle
- General Thomas Jackson
earned the title “Stonewall
Jackson at this battle
CIVIL WAR
BATTLES , 1861-1862
BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMAC
March 9, 1862
- first battle between two
ironclad warships; marked
new age in naval warfare
- battle ended in a “draw”,
neither side won
CIVIL WAR
BATTLES , 1861-1862
Shiloh (Tennessee)
April 6, 1862
- bloodiest battle of the war to that
point
-- 1,735 Union dead
-- 7,882 Union wounded
-- 1,728 Confederate dead
-- 8,012 Confederate wounded
- Union victory
CIVIL WAR
BATTLES , 1861-1862
ANTIETAM (Maryland)
September 17, 1862
- bloodiest single day of battle
in America’s history
-- 2,010 Union dead
-- 9,416 Union wounded
-- 1,512 Confederate dead
-- 7,816 Confederate wounded
- Confederate defeat which prevented
Gen. Lee from convincing Britain
to support the South
CIVIL WAR
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863
- Political move on the part of
Abraham Lincoln when he was
concerned the North was tiring
of war
- Freed only the slaves in the
“rebellious” states
- Gave the North a new reason to
continue the war
- Britain decided to withhold
recognition of the Confederacy
CIVIL WAR
WOMEN IN WAR
•
•
•
•
ran farms and businesses
worked in factories
became teachers and government workers
served the military as nurses, messengers,
guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and
spies
Clara Barton, nurse in the war,
eventually organized the American
Red Cross