Name______________________
MR. DUDLEY (THE MAN)
Science 7-____
15 January 2016
Semester 1 EOC Review
EOC IS 1/22/16!
Unit 1-All living things are made of cells.
1)
State the three parts of the Cell Theory: (p. 54)
a. All living things are composed of cells.
b. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.
c. All cells are produced from other cells.
2)
What two organelles are only in a plant cell? __chloroplast____ & _cell wall___
3)
Why are plant vacuoles larger than animal vacuoles? (p. 66)
(p. 61 & 66)
Plant vacuoles are larger because plants need to be able to store their food and water. Plants
cannot move to a food or water source.
4) Explain the function(s) of the each organelle: (Be sure you can identify these in a picture!) p. 60-66
a. Nucleus – the control center of the cell and contains genetic information a.k.a. __DNA_____
b. Mitochondria – _the powerhouse of the cell; converts energy in food molecules to energy
the cell can use to survive_
c. Cell membrane – _controls what enteres and leaves the cell (selective permeability)_______
d. Chloroplast – __organelles in plants that capture the sun’s energy and use it to produce
food (photosynthesis)_____
e. Cell wall – _supports and protects plant cells___________________________________
f. Vacuole – __storage areas for cells_____________________________________________
g. Cytoplasm – _holds the cell organelles; fills the cell________________________________
5) Why are cells different shapes and sizes? p. 67—first paragraph
Cells are different shapes and sizes because they are designed to best do their job/function.
6) Red blood cells lack a nucleus. What might they not be able to do? P. 62, 546
The cell won’t be able to reproduce (no DNA) or direct cellular activities
7) Some cells have more mitochondria than others. Why might this be? P. 63
Cells that have more mitochondria need more energy (respiration to make energy occurs in
mitochondria). An example is our muscle cells.
8) How is a unicellular (one cell) organism similar to a multicellular (many cells) organism?
a. They have organs.
b. They must maintain homeostasis.
Choose 1 choice
c. They have hair.
d. They cause diseases.
Unit 2-All living things contain similar chemicals; All living things use energy.
1) Which part of the cell is selectively-permeable and regulates the movement of molecules across
it?
___cell membrane__________________________ p. 80
a. What is selective permeability? P. 80
The cell membrane allows some substances to pass through while others cannot. Similar to a
strainer or window screen.
b. Define passive transport: p.80-84 The movement of molecules without using energy;
high-->low
ex. Define diffusion: The process by which molecules move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
Example of diffusion: food coloring in beaker, air freshener
Draw a picture of diffusion and explain what is happening in the picture using the words
high concentration and low concentration
ex. Define osmosis: The diffusion of water molecules specifically
c. Define active transport: p. 84 The movement of molecules using the cell’s energy;
low-->high
2) The movement of oxygen out of the lungs and into the blood happens because of _diffusion____.
3)
4)
How does photosynthesis help all living things? P. 87
Photosynthesis creates food and oxygen that all living things will use to make energy
(respiration).
What happens during photosynthesis? P. 87-90
a. What types of living things carryout photosynthesis? plants (autotrophs)
b. Which organelle is found in plants and is responsible for converting light energy to chemical
energy? chloroplast
c. Definition: the process plants use to produce food and oxygen; plants use water, carbon
dioxide and sunlight to do this
d. Equation: 6H2O + 6CO2 –sun--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
(water plus carbon dioxide and sunlight yields gluose/sugar/food plus oxygen
e. Organelle used: __chloroplast______
f. Draw a picture of the organelle and label what goes in and what comes out:
g. What would happen to the cell if this organelle stopped working?
It would no longer be able to convert sunlight energy into checmial energy. It would lose its
source of energy.
h. What pigment captures the sun’s energy for photosynthesis to occur?
Chlorophyll
i. What organelle is the pigment found?
Chloroplast
j. Glucose produced in photosynthesis gets its carbon from what raw material?
Carbon dioxide
5)
What happens during respiration? P. 91-93
a. What types of living things carryout cellular respiration?
All living things do respiration because all living things need energy.
b. Definition:
When oxygen and glucose combine in the mitochondria to produce water, carbon dioxide, and
most importantly energy.
c. Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ENERGY!!!!
(food plus oxygen yields water plus carbon dioxide plus ENERYGY!!!!)
d. What raw material provides the carbon (C) atoms for the carbon dioxide that is produced?
Glucose/sugar/food (C6H12O6)
e. Organelle used: _mitochondria____
f. Draw a picture of the organelle and label what goes in and what comes out:
g. What would happen to the cell if this organelle stopped working?
The organism would not be able to convert food into usable energy. Cells would die without energ
and therefor the organism would too.
h. The most important end product of respiration is _ENERGY!!!!________ because all cells
use it to live and function.
6) What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Draw a picture to help you
explain. P. 87-93
They are opposite chemical processes. What photosynthesis makes, respiration needs. What
respiration makes, photosynthesis needs. They form a cycle.
7) Plants undergo both photosynthesis and respiration. What do plants release during photosynthesis
and then use during respiration? p. 93
Oxygen (O2) and sugar/food/glucose (C6H12O6)
Unit 3-Systems of living things. NOTE: To study, use your study guide you just completed
for the unit 3 test.
Scientific Method (p. 14-17)
Define controlled variables (also known as a control) _the part of an experiment that stays the
same._____________________________________________________________________________
Why is it important to have a control when conducting an experiment: _A control gives us a basis of
comparison. Without a control we don’t have valid results._________________________________
Use the table above to answer the following questions.
1) What is the independent variable? __the type of organism______________
2) What is the dependent variable? __the number of organisms in the field__________________
3) What conclusions can be drawn from the data?
There are more organisms in the fiend in July compared to May and September. Grasshoppers,
birds, and spiders are highest in number during July
For the table and image above:
4) What is the independent variable? _water temperature_________________________
5) What is the dependent variable? _amount of carbon dioxide produced per minute_____________
6) What conclusions can be drawn from the data?
40°C is the temperature that produces the most carbon dioxide bubbles per minute
7) Does the experiment demonstrate cellular respiration or photosynthesis? How do you know?
For the chart (to the left):
1) What is the independent variable?
_type of bread__________________
2) What is the dependent variable?
__presence of mold______________
3) What should be changed about this
experiment to make it more
accurate? The temperature should be
constant so the only variable
changed is the type of bread
For the chart (to the left):
4) What is the independent variable?
__the light color_________________
5) What is the dependent variable?
__plant mass___________________
6) What conclusions can be drawn from
the data? White light produces the
greatest increase in plant mass
14) Students hypothesized that their normal pulse rates would double after doing 50 sit ups. After
completing three trials, four students averaged their individual pulse rates and recorded their
results below.
Based on the data above, a conclusion cannot be made because
a. The exercise was not strenuous enough to affect the pulse rates.
b. Control data of normal pulse rates for each individual are missing.
c. The variability in pulse rates among the students is too great.
d. Not enough trials were conducted to be able to draw a conclusion.
15) A group of MMS students wanted to see if plants can still make food if they don’t get sunlight.
The students gathered 3 identical plants and placed them in the sunlight. Then, they covered some
leaves with foil. The students watered each plant that same amount each day. After two weeks,
they removed the foil. What do you predict the leaf looked like when the foil was removed?
__The part that was covered in foil
would not be able to
photosynthesize. Therefore, it would
not be able to make food or oxygen.
This part of the leaf might be
wilted._________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
___________________________
16) Draw a diagram that shows the cycle of oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and water between
plants and animals.