To appreciate
this presentation [and ensure
that it is not a mess], you need
Microsoft fonts:
NOTE:
“Showcard Gothic,”
“Ravie,” “Chiller”
and “Verdana”
Why in the
World did you
go to Siberia?
An
emotional, vital, innovative,
joyful, creative,
entrepreneurial endeavor
that elicits maximum
Enterprise* ** (*at its best):
concerted human
potential in the
wholehearted service of
others.**
**Employees, Customers, Suppliers, Communities, Owners, Temporary partners
Tom Peters’
EXCELLENCE.
ALWAYS.
17 Notions.
30 April 2008
slides at tompeters.com
Dedicated to David O. Stewart,
author of The Summer of 1787;
William Easterly, author of The
White Man’s Burden: Why the
West’s Effort to Aid the Rest
Have Done So Much Ill and so
Little Good; Jerome Groopman,
author of How Doctors Think, and
Ben Franklin, Norman Schwarzkopf
& HRH Edward VII
“eighty percent
of success is
showing up.”
—Woody Allen
$2.3
trillion
“The West spent …
on foreign aid
over the last five decades and still has not
managed to get twelve-cent medicines to
children to prevent half of all malaria deaths.
“eighty percent
of success is
showing up.”
—Woody Allen
Give
good
tea! *
Source: How Doctors Think, Jerome Groopman
#1/17
Over-rated:
Big companies!
Public companies!
“Cool” industries!
Stability (“Built to last”)!
Famous CEOs!
*Basement Systems Inc.
*Larry Janesky
*Dry Basement Science
(100,000+ copies!)
*1990: $0; 2003: $13M;
2007:
$62,000,000
Black Swan: This is
how you earn
your pay!* **
*See: The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly
Improbable, Nassim Nicholas Taleb
**WSC: “When the seas are calm all ships alike show
mastership in sailing.”
Career =
1 or 2
black swans
Notes to myself …
Resilience (??)
“We Have …
Thank
you,
Starbucks!
Internal
organizational
Character/
excellence =
Deepest “Blue
Ocean”
B(I) > B(O)
Thank
you Rich!
“Mapping your
competitive
position”*
or …
*Rich D’Aveni/HBR
The “Have
you …” 50*
*See Appendix One
1. Have you in the
last 10 days …
visited a customer?
2. Have you called a
customer … TODAY?
*
*
*
You = Your
calendar*
*Calendars
never lie
“It’s always
showtime.”
—David D’Alessandro, Career Warfare
Conrad
says …
Conrad Hilton, at a gala celebrating his life,
was asked, “What was the most important lesson you’ve learned
in you long and distinguished career?”
His immediate answer:
“remember
to tuck the
shower curtain
inside the
bathtub”
2-cent
candy
A pox on
“micromarketing”
“Women are
the majority
market”
—Fara Warner/The Power of the Purse
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
“People turning 50
more
than half of
today have
their adult life
ahead of them.”
—Bill Novelli,
50+: Igniting a Revolution to Reinvent America
Tom
says …
“We made mistakes, of course. Most of them were
omissions we didn’t think of when we initially wrote the
software. We fixed them by doing it over and over, again
and again. We do the same today. While our competitors
are still sucking their thumbs trying to make the design
perfect, we’re already on prototype version
#5.
By
the time our rivals are
ready with wires and screws, we are on version
#10. It gets back to planning
versus acting: We act from day
one; others plan how to plan—
for months.” —Bloomberg by Bloomberg
“This is so simple it sounds stupid, but it is amazing
how few oil people really understand that
you only find
oil if you drill
wells.
You may think you’re finding it
when you’re drawing maps and
studying logs, but you have to drill.”
Source: The Hunters, by John Masters, Canadian O & G wildcatter
“You miss
100% of
the shots you
never take.”
—Wayne Gretzky
We are the
company
we keep
The “Are What You Eat
Axiom”: At its core, every
(!!!) relationshippartnership decision
(employee, vendor,
customer, etc)
is a strategic decision
“Innovate,
‘Yes’ or ‘No’ ”
about:
Measure “Strangeness”/Portfolio Quality
Staff
Consultants
Vendors
Out-sourcing Partners (#, Quality)
Innovation Alliance Partners
Customers
Competitors (who we “benchmark” against)
Strategic Initiatives
Product Portfolio (LineEx v. Leap)
IS/IT Projects
HQ Location
Lunch Mates
Language
Board
“Normal” =
“o for 800”
“Every child is
born an artist.
The trick is to
remain an
artist.” —Picasso
“Spend less
time with
your
customers!”
X =XFX*
*Excellence = Cross-functional Excellence
The “XF-50”: 50 Ways to
Enhance Cross-Functional
Effectiveness and Deliver
Speed, “Service Excellence”
and “Value-added
Customer ‘Solutions’”*
*See Appendix Two
13. We are all in sales! We all (a-l-l) “sell” those Integrated Client Solutions.
Good salespeople don’t blame others for screw-ups—the Clint doesn’t
care. Good salespeople are “quarterbacks” who make the system workdeliver.
We all invest in “wiring” the Client
organization—we develop comprehensive
relationships in every part (function, level) of
the Client’s organization. We pay special
attention to the so-called “lower levels,” short
on glamour, long on the ability to make things
happen at the “coalface.”
14.
15. We all “live the Brand”—which is Delivery of Matchless Integrated
Solutions which transform the Client’s organization. To “live the brand” is
to become a raving fan of XF co-operation.
C(I)>C(E)*
*Internal customer relations [C(I)] are perhaps-often more important than external
relationships [C(E)]. That is, if you Internal Relationships are excellent, you’ll have your
whole company working for you to get your jobs to the head of the queue.
Q/Systems Salesperson: “I make the
sale, and then the company screws up
the engineering or delivery or one of a
dozen things. Any suggestions?
“Spend less
time with your
customers!”
A/TP:
Never
waste a
lunch!*
????
% XF
lunches*
*Measure!
K.i.s.s.
*Keep It Simple, Stupid
90K in U.S.A. ICUs on any
given day; 178 steps/day
in ICU.
50%
stays result
in “serious complication”
Source: Atul Gawande, “The Checklist” (New Yorker, 1210.07)
**Peter Pronovost, Johns Hopkins,
2001
**Checklist, line infections
**1/3rd at least one error when he started
**Nurses/permission to stop procedure
if doc, other not following checklist
**In 1 year, 10-day line-infection rate:
11% to …
0%
Source: Atul Gawande, “The Checklist” (New Yorker, 1210.07)
“How to flush
$500,000 down
the toilet in one
easy lesson!!”
TP:
< CAPEX
> People!
Organizations exist to serve. Period.
Leaders live to serve. Period.
Passionate servant leaders, determined to create a
legacy of earthshaking transformation in their domain
create/must necessarily create organizations which
no less than Cathedrals in
which the full and awesome
power of the Imagination and
Spirit and native
Entrepreneurial flair of
diverse individuals is
unleashed … In passionate pursuit of jointly
are …
perceived soaring purpose and personal and community
and client service Excellence.
???
% of people
with …
… Dreams
The Dream Manager
—Matthew Kelly
“An organization can only become the-best-version-ofitself to the extent that the people who drive that
organization are striving to become better-versions-ofthemselves.” “A company’s purpose is to become thebest-version-of-itself. The question is: What is an
employee’s purpose? Most would say, ‘to help the
company achieve its purpose’—but they would be wrong.
That is certainly part of the employee’s role, but an
employee’s primary purpose is to become the-bestversion-of-himself or –herself. … When a company
forgets that it exists to serve customers, it quickly goes
Our employees are our
first customers, and our most
important customers.”
out of business.
“The role of the Director is to
create a space where the actors
become
more than they’ve ever
been before, more than
they’ve dreamed of
being.”
and actresses can
—Robert Altman, Oscar acceptance speech
“We are a
‘Life Success’
Company.”
Dave Liniger, founder, RE/MAX
“No matter what the
situation, [the excellent
manager’s] first response is
always to think about the
individual concerned and
how things can be arranged
to help that individual
experience success.”
—Marcus Buckingham, The One Thing You Need to Know
#1
cause of
Dis-satisfaction?
st
1 line
supervisor!
Promotions …
2/year =
legacy.
Hiring …
“Leaders
‘SERVE’
people.
Period.”
—inspired by Robert Greenleaf
“In the end, management
doesn’t change culture.
Management
invites
the workforce itself to
change the culture.”
—Lou Gerstner
Excellence1982: The Bedrock “Eight Basics”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A Bias for Action
Close to the Customer
Autonomy and Entrepreneurship
Productivity Through People
Hands On, Value-Driven
Stick to the Knitting
Simple Form, Lean Staff
Simultaneous Loose-Tight
Properties”
“Breakthrough” ‘82*
People!
Customers!
Action!
Values!
*In Search of Excellence
Hard Is Soft
Soft Is Hard
Hard Is Soft (Plans, #s)
Soft Is Hard (people,
customers, values,
relationships))
R.O.I.R.
Return On
Investment In
Relationships
FYI:
“Relationship
power” =
“Monopoly
power”
FYI:
“Sustainable
competitive
advantage” =
“Relationship-based
advantage”
(period.)
Relationships
(of all varieties):
THERE
ONCE WAS A TIME WHEN A
THREE-MINUTE
PHONE CALL WOULD
HAVE AVOIDED SETTING OFF THE
DOWNWARD SPIRAL THAT RESULTED
IN A COMPLETE RUPTURE.
THE PROBLEM IS
RARELY/NEVER THE
PROBLEM. THE
RESPONSE TO THE
PROBLEM INVARIABLY
ENDS UP BEING THE
REAL PROBLEM.
For the
engineers
in the
family …
SF50:
50 “Equations” on
achieving success …
at pretty much
anything*
*See Appendix Three
S = ƒ( ___ )
Success Is a
Function of …
S =ƒ(#PK“W”P)
S = ƒ(#PK“L”P)
# of people you know in the “wrong” places
# people you know in “low” places
???????
“Success doesn’t depend on the number of
people you know; it depends on the number
of people you know in
high places!”
or
“Success doesn’t depend on the number of
people you know; it depends on the number
of people you know in
low
places!”
S= ƒ(TSHRO)
Time spent ... Hurdle Removing for Others
C.H.R.O.*
C.I.D.O.**
*Chief Hurdle Removal Officer
**Chief Impediment Destruction Officer
”Ninety percent of what
we call management
consists of making it
difficult to get things
done.” —Peter Drucker
S = ƒ(Thank you notes
per Day, flowers
given per Month,
Acts of Appreciation
per Week)
Notes from William Easterly’s:
The White Man’s Burden:
Why the West’s Effort
to Aid the Rest Have
Done So Much Ill and
so Little Good
*See Appendix Four (three cases: Development assistance,
Charlie Wilson’s War, Drafting of the U.S. Constitution)
$2.3
trillion
“The West spent …
on foreign aid
over the last five decades and still has not
managed to get twelve-cent medicines to
children to prevent half of all malaria deaths.
“ … Planners apply global
blueprints; Searchers adapt to
local conditions. Planners at the
top lack knowledge of the bottom;
Searchers find out what the reality
is at the bottom. A planner believes
outsiders know enough to impose
solutions; a Searcher believes only
insiders have enough knowledge to
find solutions, and that most
solutions must be homegrown. …”
Derived from the above and more, I have
extracted a series of “lessons” from the
Easterly book. These implementation lessons
are, in fact, universal:
Lesson (#1 of sooooooo many): Show up!
(On the ground, where the action—and
possible implementation—is.)
Lesson: Invest in ceaseless study of
conditions “on the ground”—social and
political and historical and systemic.
“eighty percent
of success is
showing up.”
—Woody Allen
Lesson: Talk to the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear to the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear to the “locals.”
Lesson: Respect the “locals.”
Lesson: Empathize with the “locals.”
Talk.
Listen.
Hear.
Respect.
Colonel/British Army/2 Tours Iraq/0428.08:
**Hardware first
**Failure to use existing human infrastructure
**Failure to master local politics
**Unwillingness to accept “2nd best” solutions
**Wedded to centrally prescribed solutionsprograms
**Misguided training
“We behaved as if we were
guests in their house. We
treated them not as a
defeated people, but as
allies. Our success became
their success.” —“How One Soldier
Brought Democracy to Iraq: The Mayor of Ar Rutbah”
(MAJ James Gavrilis/USA Special Forces)
Nothing is
“scalable”!*
Nothing is “scalable”!*
*Every replication must
exude the perception of
uniqueness—even if it
means a half-step
backwards. (“It wouldn’t
have worked if we hadn’t done
it our way.”)
“Buy in”“Ownership”Authorial bragging
rights-“Born again”
Champion = One
Line of Code!
Lesson: Never forget the atmospherics, such as numerous
celebrations for tiny milestones reached, showering praise
on the local leader and your local cohorts, while you
assiduously stand at the back of the crowd—etc.
Lesson: The experiment has failed until the systems and political
rewards, often small, are in place, with Beta tests completed,
to up the odds of repetition.
Lesson: Most of your on-the-ground staff must consist of
respected locals—the de facto or de jure Chairman or CEO
must be a local; you must be virtually invisible.
Spend enormous “pointless” social
time with the local political leaders—in
Gulf War I, Norm Schwarzkopf spent his
evenings, nearly all of them, drinking
tea until 2AM or 3AM with the Saudi
crown prince; he called it his greatest
contribution!
Lesson:
Give
good
tea!*
*Norm, Ben
For projects involving
children or health or education or
community development or
sustainable small-business growth
Lesson:
(most projects),
women
are by far the most reliable and
most central and most indirectly
powerful local players even in the
most chauvinist settings.
“Forget China,
India and the
Internet: Economic
Growth Is Driven
by
Women.”
—Headline,
Economist, April 15, 2006, Leader, page 14
10 UNASSAILABLE REASONS WOMEN RULE
Women make [all] the financial decisions.
Women control [all] the wealth.
Women [substantially] outlive men.
Women start most of the new businesses.
Women’s work force participation rates have
soared worldwide.
Women are closing in on “same pay for same
job.”
Women are penetrating senior ranks rapidly
[even if the pace is slow for the corner
office per se].
Women’s leadership strengths are exceptionally well
aligned with new organizational effectiveness
imperatives.
Women are better salespersons than men.
Women buy [almost] everything—commercial
as well as consumer goods.
So what exactly is the point of men?
#17/17
The greatest danger
for most of us
is not that our aim is
too high
and we miss it,
but that it is
too low
and we reach it.
Michelangelo
10 UNASSAILABLE REASONS WOMEN RULE
Women make [all] the financial decisions.
Women control [all] the wealth.
Women [substantially] outlive men.
Women start most of the new businesses.
Women’s work force participation rates have
soared worldwide.
Women are closing in on “same pay for same
job.”
Women are penetrating senior ranks rapidly
[even if the pace is slow for the corner
office per se].
Women’s leadership strengths are exceptionally well
aligned with new organizational effectiveness
imperatives.
Women are better salespersons than men.
Women buy [almost] everything—commercial
as well as consumer goods.
So what exactly is the point of men?
appendix
one
The “Have
you …” 50
“Mapping your
competitive
position”
or …
While waiting last week [early December 2007] in the Albany airport to
board a Southwest Airlines flight to Reagan, I happened across the
latest Harvard Business Review, on the cover of which was a yellow
sticker. The sticker had on it the words “Mapping your competitive
position.” It referred to a feature article by my friend Rich D’Aveni. His
work is uniformly good—and I have said as much publicly on several
occasions dating back 15 years. I’m sure this article is good, too—
though I didn’t read it. In fact it triggered a furious negative “Tom
reaction” as my wife calls it. Of course I believe you should worry
But instead of obsessing
on competitive position and other abstractions, as
the B-schools and consultants would always have
us do, I instead wondered about some “practical
stuff” which I believe is more important to the shortand long-term health of the enterprise, tiny or
enormous.
about your “competitive position.”
“Unfortunately many
leaders of major companies
believe their job is to
create the strategy,
organization and
organization processes—
remaining aloof from the
people doing the work.”
—George Kohlrieser, Hostage at the Table (GK is, among other
things, a hostage negotiator with a 95% success rate)
1. Have you in the last 10 days … visited a
customer?
2. Have you called a customer … TODAY?
3. Have you in the last 60-90 days … had a seminar in which several folks from the
customer’s operation (different levels, different functions, different divisions) interacted,
via facilitator, with various of your folks?
4. Have you thanked a front-line employee for a
small act of helpfulness … in the last three days?
5. Have you thanked a front-line employee for a small act of helpfulness … in the
last three hours?
6. Have you thanked a frontline employee for carrying around a great attitude … today?
7. Have you in the last week recognized—publicly—one of your folks for a small act of
cross-functional co-operation?
8. Have you in the last week recognized—publicly—one of “their” folks (another function)
for a small act of cross-functional co-operation?
9. Have you invited in the last month a leader of another function to your weekly team
priorities meeting?
10. Have you personally in the last week-month called-visited an internal or external
customer to sort out, inquire, or apologize for some little or big thing that went awry? (No
reason for doing so? If true—in your mind—then you’re more out of touch than I dared
imagine.)
1. Have you in the
last 10 days … visited
a customer?
2. Have you called a
customer … TODAY?
Blog1231.07
FLASH!
FLASH!
FLASH!
FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION!
FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION!
FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION!
OLD YEAR’S RESOLUTION!
Call (C-A-L-L!) (NOT E-MAIL!) 25-50 (NO LESS THAN 25)
people … TODAY * …to thank them for their support this
year (2007) …
and wish them and their families and colleagues a
Happy 2008! ** *** **** ***** ******
*Today = TODAY = N-O-W (not “within the hour”)
**Remember: ROIR > ROI. ROIR = Return On Investment in Relationships.
Success = ƒ(Relationships).
***This is the most important piece of advice I have provided this year.
****This is … Not Optional.
*****Trust me: This is fun!!!!
******Trust me: This “works.”
Happy 2008!!!
I posted this at
tompeters.com on New
Year’s Eve 2007.
11. Have you in the last two days had a chat with someone (a couple of levels down?) about specific deadlines
concerning a project’s next steps?
12. Have you in the last two days had a chat with someone (a couple of levels down?) about specific deadlines
concerning a project’s next steps … and what specifically you can do to remove a hurdle? (“Ninety percent of
what we call management consists of making it difficult for people to get things done.”—Peter “His eminence”
Drucker.)
13. Have you celebrated in the last week a “small” (or large!) milestone reached? (I.e., are you a milestone
fanatic?)
14. Have you in the last week or month revised some estimate in the “wrong” direction and apologized for making
a lousy estimate? (Somehow you must publicly reward the telling of difficult truths.)
15. Have you installed in your tenure a very
comprehensive customer satisfaction scheme for all
internal customers? (With major consequences for hitting or missing the mark.)
16. Have you in the last six months had a week-long, visible, very intensive visit-“tour” of external customers?
17. Have you in the last 60 days called an abrupt halt to a meeting and “ordered” everyone to get out of the office,
and “into the field” and in the next eight hours, after asking those involved, fixed (f-i-x-e-d!) a nagging “small”
problem through practical action?
18. Have you in the last week had a rather thorough discussion of a “cool design thing” someone has come
across—away from your industry or function—at a Web site, in a product or its packaging?
19. Have you in the last two weeks had an informal meeting—at least an hour long—with a frontline employee to
discuss things we do right, things we do wrong, what it would take to meet your mid- to long-term aspirations?
20. Have you had in the last 60 days had a general meeting to discuss “things we do wrong” … that we can fix in
the next fourteen days?
UniCredit Group/
UniCredito Italiano* **
—3rd party measurement
—Customer-initiated
measurement
—Primary $$$$ incentives
—“Factories”
—Primary Corporate Initiative
—Etc
*#13
**TP/#1
The director of staff services at the giant
financial services firm, UniCredit Group,
installed the most thorough internal
customer satisfaction measures scheme I
have seen—with exceptional rewards for
those who make the grade with their
internal customers.
21. Have you had in the last year a one-day, intense offsite with each (?) of your
internal customers—followed by a big celebration of “things gone right”?
22. Have you in the last week pushed someone to do some family thing that you fear
might be overwhelmed by deadline pressure?
23. Have you learned the names of the children of everyone who reports to you? (If
not, you have six months to fix it.)
24. Have you taken in the last month an interesting-weird outsider to lunch?
25. Have you in the last month invited an interesting-weird outsider to sit in on an
important meeting?
26. Have you in the last three days discussed something interesting, beyond your
industry, that you ran across in a meeting, reading, etc?
27. Have you in the last 24 hours injected into a meeting “I ran across this
interesting idea in [strange place]”?
28. Have you in the last two weeks asked someone to report on something, anything
that constitutes an act of brilliant service rendered in a “trivial” situation—
restaurant, car wash, etc? (And then discussed the relevance to your work.)
29. Have you in the last 30 days examined in detail (hour
by hour) your calendar to evaluate the degree “time
actually spent” mirrors your “espoused priorities”?
(And repeated this exercise with everyone on team.)
30. Have you in the last two months had a presentation to the group by a “weird”
outsider?
You = Your
calendar*
*Calendars
never lie
All we have is our time. The
way we spend our time is
our priorities, is our
“strategy.” Your calendar
knows what you really
care about. Do you?
31. Have you in the last two months had a presentation to the group by a customer,
internal customer, vendor featuring “working folks” 3 or 4 levels down in the vendor
organization?
32. Have you in the last two months had a presentation to the group of a cool,
beyond-our-industry ideas by two of your folks?
33. Have you at every meeting today (and forever more) re-directed the conversation
to the practicalities of implementation concerning some issue before the group?
34. Have you at every meeting today (and forever more) had an end-of-meeting
discussion on “action items to be dealt with in the next 4, 48 hours? (And then made
this list public—and followed up in 48 hours.) And made sure everyone has at least
one such item.)
35. Have you had a discussion in the last six months about what it would take to get
recognition in local-national poll of “best places to work”?
36. Have you in the last month approved a cool-different training course for one
of your folks?
Have you in the last month taught a front-line
training course?
37.
38. Have you in the last week discussed the idea of Excellence? (What it means, how
to get there.)
39. Have you in the last week discussed the idea of “Wow”? (What it means, how
to inject it into an ongoing “routine” project.)
40. Have you in the last 45 days assessed some major process in terms of the
details of the “experience,” as well as results, it provides to its external or internal
customers?
41. Have you in the last month had one of your folks attend a meeting you were supposed to go
to which gives them unusual exposure to senior folks?
42. Have you in the last 60 (30?) days sat with a trusted friend or “coach” to discuss your
“management style”—and its long- and short-term impact on the group?
43. Have you in the last three days considered a professional
relationship that was a little rocky and made a call to the person
involved to discuss issues and smooth the waters? (Taking the
“blame,” fully deserved or not, for letting the thing-issue fester.)
44. Have you in the last … two hours … stopped by someone’s (two-levels “down") officeworkspace for 5 minutes to ask “What do you think?” about an issue that arose at a more or
less just completed meeting? (And then stuck around for 10 or so minutes to listen—and
visibly taken notes.)
45. Have you … in the last day … looked around you to assess whether the diversity pretty
accurately maps the diversity of the market being served? (And …)
46. Have you in the last day at some meeting gone out of your way to make sure that a normally
reticent person was engaged in a conversation—and then thanked him or her, perhaps
privately, for their contribution?
47. Have you during your tenure instituted very public (visible) presentations of performance?
48. Have you in the last four months had a session specifically aimed at checking on the
“corporate culture” and the degree we are true to it—with all presentations by relatively junior
folks, including front-line folks? (And with a determined effort to keep the conversation
restricted to “real world” “small” cases—not theory.)
49. Have you in the last six months talked about the Internal Brand Promise?
50. Have you in the last year had a full-day off site to talk about individual (and group)
aspirations?
Relationships
(of all varieties):
THERE
ONCE WAS A TIME WHEN A
THREE-MINUTE
PHONE CALL WOULD
HAVE AVOIDED SETTING OFF THE
DOWNWARD SPIRAL THAT RESULTED
IN A COMPLETE RUPTURE.
R.O.I.R.
Return On
Investment In
Relationships
Job
One.
“You must
care.”
—General Melvin Zais
“Courtesies of a small and
trivial character are the
ones which strike
deepest in the grateful
and appreciating heart.”
—Henry Clay
appendix
two
The “XF-50”: 50 Ways to
Enhance CrossFunctional
Effectiveness and
Deliver Speed, “Service
Excellence” and “Valueadded Customer
‘Solutions’”
X =XFX*
*Excellence = Cross-functional Excellence
A 2007 letter from John Hennessy, president of
(1) Stanford University, to alumni laid out his long-term
“vision” for that esteemed institution. The core of the
vision’s promise was more multi-disciplinary research,
aimed at solving some of the world’s complex systemic
problems. (2) The chief of GlaxoSmithKline, a few years
ago, announced a “revolutionary” new drug discovery
process—human-scale centers of interdisciplinary
excellence, called Centers of Excellence in Drug
Discovery. (It worked.) (3) Likewise, amidst a study of
organization effectiveness in the oil industry’s exploration
sector, I came across a particularly successful firm—one
key to that success was their physical and organizational
mingling of formerly warring (two sets of prima donnas)
geologists and geophysicists.
(4) The cover story in Dartmouth Medicine, the Dartmouth
med school magazine, featured a “revolutionary”
approach, “microsystems,” as “the big idea that [might]
save U.S. healthcare.” The nub is providing successful
patient outcomes in hospitals by forming multi-function
patient-care teams, including docs, nurses, labtechs and
others. (“Co-operating doc” may top the oxymoron scale.)
(5) One of the central responses to 911 is an effort to get
intelligence services, home to some of the world’s most
viscous turf wars, talking to one another—we may have
seen some of the fruits of that effort in the recently
released National Intelligence Estimate. And in the
military, inter-service co-operation has increased by an
order of magnitude since Gulf War One—some of the
services’ communication systems can actually be linked
to those of other services, a miracle almost the equal of
the Christmas miracle in my book!
1. It’s
our organization to make work—or not. It’s not “them,” the
outside world that’s the problem. The enemy is us. Period.
2. Friction-free! Dump 90% of “middle managers”—most are advertent or inadvertent “power
freaks.” We are all—every one of us—in the Friction Removal Business, one moment at a time,
now and forevermore.
3. No “stovepipes”! “Stove-piping,” “Silo-ing” is an Automatic Firing Offense. Period. No
appeals. (Within the limits of civility, somewhat “public” firings are not out of the question—that
is, make one and all aware why the axe fell.)
4. Everything on the Web. This helps. A lot. (“Everything” = Big word.)
5. Open access. All available to all. Transparency, beyond a level that’s “sensible,” is a de facto
imperative in a Burn-the-Silos strategy.
Project managers rule!! Project managers running XF (crossfunctional) projects are the Elite of the organization, and seen as
such and treated as such. (The likes of construction companies
have practiced this more or less forever.)
6.
7. “Value-added Proposition” = Application of integrated resources. (From the entire supplychain.) To deliver on our emergent business raison d’etre, and compete with the likes of our
Chinese and Indian brethren, we must co-operate with anybody and everybody “24/7.” IBM, UPS
and many, many others are selling far more than a product or service that works—the new “it” is
pure and simple a product of XF co-operation; “the product is the co-operation” is not much of a
stretch.
“We have met
the enemy and
he is us.”
—Walt Kelly/“Pogo”
Schlumberger!
A January 2008 BusinessWeek cover story informed us that Schlumberger may
well take over the world: “THE GIANT STALKING BIG OIL: How Schlumberger Is
Rewriting the Rules of the Energy Game.” In short, Schlumberger knows how
to create and run oilfields, anywhere, from drilling to fullscale production to
distribution. And the nugget is hardcore, relatively small, technically
accomplished, highly autonomous teams. As China and Russia, among others,
make their move in energy, state run companies are eclipsing the major
independents. (China’s state oil company just surpassed Exxon in market value.)
At the center of it all, abetting these new players who are edging out the Exxons
and BPs, the Kings of Large-scale, Long-term Project Management wear
Schlumberger overalls. (The pictures in the article from Siberia alone are worth the
cover price.) At the center of the center of the Schlumberger “empire” is a
relatively newly configured outfit, reminiscent of IBM’s Global Services and UPS’
integrated logistics’ experts and even Best Buy’s now ubiquitous “Geek Squads.”
The Schlumberger version is simply called IPM, for Integrated Project
Management. It lives in a nondescript building near Gatwick Airport, and its chief
says it will do “just about anything an oilfield owner would want, from drilling to
production”—that is, as BusinessWeek put it, “[IPM] strays from [Schlumberger’s]
traditional role as a service provider* and moves deeper into areas once
dominated by the majors.” (*My old pal was solo on remote offshore platforms
interpreting geophysical logs and the like.)
8. “XF work” is the direct work of leaders!
9. “Integrated solutions” = Our “Culture.” (Therefore: XF = Our culture.)
10. Partner with “best-in-class” only. Their pursuit of Excellence helps us get beyond
petty bickering. An all-star team has little time for anything other than delivering on
the (big) Client promise.
11. All functions are created equal! All functions contribute equally! All = All.
12. All functions are “PSFs,” Professional Service Firms. “Professionalism” is the
watchword—and true Professionalism rise above turf wars. You are your projects,
your legacy is your projects—and the legacy will be skimpy indeed unless you pass,
with flying colors, the “works well with others” exam!
13. We are all in sales! We all (a-l-l) “sell” those Integrated Client Solutions. Good
salespeople don’t blame others for screw-ups—the Clint doesn’t care. Good
salespeople are “quarterbacks” who make the system work-deliver.
14. We all invest in “wiring” the Client organization—we
develop comprehensive relationships in every part
(function, level) of the Client’s organization. We pay
special attention to the so-called “lower levels,” short
on glamour, long on the ability to make things happen at
the “coalface.”
15. We all “live the Brand”—which is Delivery of Matchless Integrated Solutions
which transform the Client’s organization. To “live the brand” is to become a raving
fan of XF co-operation.
C(I)>C(E)*
*Internal customer relations [C(I)] are perhaps-often more important than external
relationships [C(E)]. That is, if you Internal Relationships are excellent, you’ll have your
whole company working for you to get your jobs to the head of the queue.
16. We use the word “partner” until we want to barf! (Words matter! A lot!)
17. We use the word “team” until we want to barf. (Words matter! A lot!)
18. We use the word “us” until we want to barf. (Words matter! A lot!)
19. We obsessively seek Inclusion—and abhor exclusion. We want more
people from more places (internal, external—the whole “supply chain”)
aboard in order to maximize systemic benefits.
20. Buttons & Badges matter—we work relentlessly at team (XF team)
identity and solidarity. (“Corny”? Get over it.)
21. All (almost all) rewards are team rewards.
22. We keep base pay rather low—and give whopping bonuses for excellent
team delivery of “seriously cool” cross-functional Client benefits.
WE NEVER BLAME OTHER PARTS OF THE
ORGANIZATION FOR SCREWUPS.
24. WE TAKE THE HEAT—THE WHOLE TEAM. (For
anything and everything.) (Losing, like winning, is a
team affair.)
25. “BLAMING” IS AN AUTOMATIC FIRING OFFENSE.
23.
26. “Women rule.” Women are simply better at the XF communications
stuff—less power obsessed, less hierarchically inclined, more group-team
oriented.
Women’s Negotiating Strengths
*Ability to put themselves in their
counterparties’ shoes
*Comprehensive, attentive and detailed
communication style
*Empathy that facilitates trust-building
*Curious and attentive listening
*Less competitive attitude
*Strong sense of fairness and ability to persuade
*Proactive risk manager
*Collaborative decision-making
Source: Horacio Falcao, Cover story/May 2006, World Business, “Say It
Like a Woman: Why the 21st-century negotiator will need the female touch”
Women’s Strengths Match New
Economy Imperatives: Link [rather than rank]
workers; favor interactive-collaborative leadership
style [empowerment beats top-down decision
making]; sustain fruitful collaborations; comfortable
with sharing information; see redistribution of power
as victory, not surrender; favor multi-dimensional
feedback; value technical & interpersonal skills,
individual & group contributions equally; readily
accept ambiguity; honor intuition as well as
pure “rationality”; inherently flexible; appreciate
cultural diversity. —Judy B. Rosener,
America’s Competitive Secret: Women Managers
“TAKE THIS QUICK QUIZ: Who manages more things
at once? Who puts more effort into their
appearance? Who usually takes care of the
details? Who finds it easier to meet new
people? Who asks more questions in a
conversation? Who is a better listener? Who
has more interest in communication skills?
Who is more inclined to get involved? Who
encourages harmony and agreement? Who has
better intuition? Who works with a longer ‘to
do’ list? Who enjoys a recap to the day’s
events? Who is better at keeping in touch
with others?”
Source: Selling Is a Woman’s Game: 15 Powerful Reasons Why
Women Can Outsell Men, Nicki Joy & Susan Kane-Benson
27. Every member of our team is an honored contributor. “XF project Excellence”
is an “all hands” affair.
28. We are our XF Teams! XF project teams are how we get things done.
29. “Wow Projects” rule, large or small—Wow projects demand by definition XF
Excellence.
30. We routinely attempt to unearth and then reward “small gestures” of XF cooperation.
31. We invite Functional Bigwigs to our XF project team reviews.
32. We insist on Client team participation—from all functions of the Client
organization.
33. An “Open talent market” helps make the projects “silo-free.” People want in on
the project because of the opportunity to do something memorable—no one will
tolerate delays based on traditional functional squabbling.
34. Flat! Flat = Flattened Silos. Flat = Excellence based on XF project outcomes,
not power-hoarding within functional boundaries.
35. New “C-level”? We more or less need a “C-level” job titled Chief Bullshit
Removal Officer. That is, some kind of formal watchdog whose role in life is to
make cross-functionality work, and I.D. those who don’t get with the program.
36. Huge
(H-U-G-E) co-operation bonuses. Senior team
members who conspicuously shine in the “working
together” bit are rewarded or punished Big Time. (A
million bucks in one case I know—and a noncooperating very senior was sacked.)
James Robinson III:
$500K (on the spot,
collaboration)
Alan Puckett:
Fire the best!
(failure to collaborate)
37. Get physical!! “Co-location” is the most powerful “culture changer. Physical
X-functional proximity is almost a guarantee (yup!) of remarkably improved cooperation—to aid this one needs flexible workspaces that can be mobilized for a
team in a flash.
38. Ad hoc. To improve the new “X-functional Culture,” little XF teams should be
formed on the spot to deal with an urgent issue—they may live for but ten days,
but it helps the XF habit, making it normal to be “working the XF way.”
39. “Deep dip.” Dive three levels down in the organization to fill a senior role
with some one who has been pro-active on the XF dimension.
40. Formal
evaluations. Everyone, starting with the receptionist,
should have an important XF rating component in their
evaluation.
41. Demand XF experience for, especially, senior jobs. The military requires all
would-be generals and admirals to have served a full tour in a job whose only
goals were cross-functional. Great idea!
42. Early project “management” experience. Within days, literally, of coming
aboard folks should be “running” some bit of a project, working with folks from
other functions—hence, “all this” becomes as natural as breathing.
43. “Get ’em out with the customer.” Rarely does the accountant or bench
scientist call one the customer. Reverse that. Give everyone more or less
regular “customer-facing experiences.” One learns quickly that the customer is
not interested in our in-house turf battles!
44. Put “it” on the–every agenda. XF “issues to be resolved” should be on every
agenda—morning project team review, weekly exec team meeting, etc. A “next
step” within 24 hours (4?) ought to be part of the resolution.
45. XF “honest broker” or ombudsman. The ombudsman examines XF “friction
events” and acts as Conflict Resolution Counselor. (Perhaps a formal conflict
resolution agreement?)
46. Lock it in! XF co-operation, central to any value-added mission, should be an
explicit part of the “Vision Statement.”
47. Promotions. Every promotion, no exceptions, should put XF Excellence in the
top 5 (3?) evaluation criteria.
48. Pick partners based on their “co-operation proclivity.” Everyone must be on
board if “this thing” is going to work; hence every vendor, among others, should
be formally evaluated on their commitment to XF transparency—e.g., can we
access anyone at any level in any function of their organization without
bureaucratic barriers?
49. Fire vendors who don’t “get it”—more than “get it,” welcome “it” with
open arms.”
50. Jaw. Jaw. Jaw. Talk XF cooperation-value-added at every opportunity. Become
a relentless bore!
Excellence! There is a state of XF
Excellence per se. Talk about it. Pursue
it. Aspire to nothing less.
51.
X =XFX*
*Excellence = Cross-functional Excellence
“C-levels” to Abet Cross-functional Excellence
CGRO/Chief Grunge Removal Officer
CXFCO/Chief Cross-functional Communication Officer
CIS-CDO/Chief Information Sharing & Common
Database Officer
CHRO(PMLC) /Chief Human Resources Officer
(Project Managers, Love and Care of)
CPMFO/Chief Project Management Finance Officer
CTAO/Chief Team-space Assignments Officer
CE(XFNC) /Chief Executioner (Cross-functional
Non-cooperation!)
CXFBPDO/Chief Cross-functional Brownie-points
Dispensing Officer
In We have “C-level” officers for any damn
thing you can mention. So I thought I’d add
my voice to the fray. If XF (Cross-functional)
performance is a/the paramount issue for
modern enterprise effectiveness (where one
is bringing to bear the wherewithal of the
entire enterprise to provide high-value,
systemic “solutions” for customers), then
XFX/Cross-functional excellence is
necessarily priority #1. And we need an exec
to lead the charge—try these job titles on for
size!
The “XF Bible”
Building a Knowledge-driven
Organization: Overcome
Resistance to the Free Flow of
Ideas. Turn Knowledge into
New Products and Services.
Move to a Knowledge-based
Strategy —Robert Buckman
The 180-degree “Middle Manager Flip”
@ Buckman Labs …
From:
“information choke points”
To:
“knowledge transfer
facilitators,” with 100% (!!!)
of their rewards based on
spurring co-operation across
former barriers.
Bob Buckman runs Buckman Labs, a half-billion dollar, Memphis-based specialty
chemicals company. You might well roll your eyes at the overused “customer
solutions” moniker—but Buckman does just that with panache and for profit,
creating and applying chemical compounds in customized ways to deal with
production and cleanup issues for specific customer facilities in the likes of the
paper and leather-making industries. The devotion to custom “solutions” is the
bedrock, the alpha to omega, of the firm’s extraordinary new-product and financial
record. Those closer to the intellectual fray than me claim that Bob gets “inventor”
rights in the now ubiquitous “knowledge management” arena. In any event,
this book is the Buckman Labs saga in extraordinary detail—it is
particularly valuable because it moves so far beyond the relatively
easy software-technology bit and emphasizes the way in which a
company’s culture must be jerked around 180-degrees to destroy
former functional barriers. E.g., middle managers, typically choke
points guarding information and access to their domain, became
“knowledge transfer facilitators,” with 100% (!!!) of their rewards
based on spurring co-operation across former barriers.
appendix
three
Attending to the
“Last 98%”: The New
“Management
Science,” or “Hard”
Is “Soft,” “Soft”
Is “Hard”
Tom Peters/17 April 2008
Alternate title …
Attending to
the “Last 98%”:
flower power!
Tom Peters/17 April 2008
FLOWER
FLOWER
POWER
POWER
Hold in your mind the idea of “flower power”
—more to come!
S = ƒ( ___ )
Success Is a
Function of …
SF50: Success
Is a Function
of* ...
*What follows are not in fact true mathematical formulae—
obviously. Nonetheless, in tribute to my own scientific
background, and, more important, that of many seminar
participants, I have chosen this format—which seems to work
for those of “my ilk” to whom it has been exposed
SF50:
50 “Equations” on
achieving success
… at pretty much
anything
S = ƒ(#&DR; -2L, -3L, 4L, I&E)
Success is a function of: Number and depth of relationships
2, 3, and 4 levels down inside and outside the organization
S = ƒ(SD>SU)
Sucking down is more important than sucking up—the idea is
to have the [your] entire organization working for you.
S = ƒ(#non-FF, #non-FL)
Number of friends not in my function
S = ƒ(#XFL/m)
Number of lunches with colleagues in other
functions per month
S = ƒ(#FF)
Number of friends in the finance organization
Loser:
“He’s such a
suck-up!”
Winner:
“He’s such a
suck-down.”
Never*
waste a
lunch!
*More or less
S =ƒ(#PK“W”P)
S = ƒ(#PK“L”P)
# of people you know in the “wrong” places
# people you know in “low” places
???????
“Success doesn’t depend on the number of
people you know; it depends on the number
of people you know in
high places!”
or
“Success doesn’t depend on the number of
people you know; it depends on the number
of people you know in
low
places!”
It helps to know people in …
high
places!”
It helps
more
to know people in …
low
places!”
Gust Avrakotos’ “boiler room” CIA pals
Walter’s “enabler” P.M. Thank You notes
Flexirent’s XSec’s Customer PA lunches
Anybody’s XSec
Anybody’s PA
All customer Purchasing Dept receptionists
Secy Chaffee’s letter writer
McKinsey report prep staff
McKinsey research staff
Admiral’s Aide
Congressional Committee staff drafter
Congressman’s appropriate LA
Anybody in Finance
The previous entries are shorthand for stories about “low level”
relationships determining “high level” decisions—or at least having
surprising impact. Flexirent is an Australian consumer financial
services company. Its offerings are mostly made through
retailers—and following the “80-20 rule,” a small # of retailers
control a large share of Flexirent’s business. The Executive
Secretary-“PA” (Personal Assistant) to Flexirent’s CEO is a bright,
energetic, outgoing person. Along the way, and not accidentally,
she has developed very close relationships to the Pas of most of
the CEOs of Flexirent’s major customers. Among other things, she
more or less regularly (quarterly, roughly) takes her PA pals out
for lunch. The goal on both sides is clear, understood and
shameless—to enhance unvarnished communications among these
true “power players.” One can only imagine the number of times,
over, say, five years, that this “back channel” (“front Channel,” in
reality) has paved the way for success and staved off disasters.
The rest of the entries on the slide are of the same ilk.
S = ƒ(OF)
Number of oddball friends
S = ƒ(PDL)
Purposeful, deep listening—this is very hard
S = ƒ(“DSTM,” EH, TTAGFG)
Don’t shoot the messenger—embrace him! Truth-tellers are
gifts from God!
S + ƒ(#EODD3MC)
Number of end-of-the-day difficult (you’d rather avoid) “3minutecalls” that sooth raw feelings, mend fences, etc.
S = ƒ(UFP, UFK, OAPS)
Unsolicited favors performed, UFs involving co-workers’ kids,
overt acts politeness-solicitude toward co-workers’ spouses,
parents, etc.
Source: How Doctors Think, Jerome Groopman
Relationships
(of all varieties):
THERE
ONCE WAS A TIME WHEN A
THREE-MINUTE
PHONE CALL WOULD
HAVE AVOIDED SETTING OFF THE
DOWNWARD SPIRAL THAT RESULTED
IN A COMPLETE RUPTURE.
S= ƒ(TSHRO)
Time spent ... Hurdle Removing for Others
Peter Drucker once famously said, “Ninety-percent of
what we call ‘management’ consists of making it difficult
for people to get things done.” There is more than a grain
of truth to that. On the other side, and there can be an
“other side,” I see the manager’s principal role as
identifying things that get in people’s way (by asking
them!) and meticulously getting those things out of their
way. Thence, you could cal the boss the CIRO, or Chief
Impedance Reduction Officer, or my choice, CHR, Chief
Hurdle Remover. In any event the idea is that this is a/the
primary task the boss performs—and that it is a
systematic, pro-active affair (e.g., on the daily agenda).
S = ƒ(A#C, PTS/“OLC”, SAPA)
Absolute # of consultations, perception of being taken seriously
(Responsible for “one line of code”), small acts of public
appreciation
S = ƒ(1D)
Seeking the assignment of writing first drafts, minutes, etc. (1787)
S = ƒ(#SEAs)
Number of solid relationships with Executive Assistants
S = ƒ(%UL/w-m)
% useful lunches per week, month
S = ƒ(FG, FOC-BOF, CMO)
Favors given, favors owed collectively, balance of favors, conscious
management thereof
“Buy in”“Ownership”Authorial bragging
rights-“Born again”
Champion = One
Line of Code!
“It works this way, Tom. You’re talking to a guy who’s
important to implementation down where the rubber
meets the road. He’s skeptical—he either really is, or it’s
the act he chooses to play. You go over the thing with him
and he has a thousand objections. You nod your head a
lot, and take copious notes. Then you go back to your
guys, and you find a few places where you can very
specifically accommodate him. You make the changes,
even if they are pretty ugly. Then you go back to him,
and show him exactly what you’ve done. You have a
‘born again’ supporter. You took him seriously—and
through the changes, he’s now your co-inventor, your
savior. Now he’s doing the selling for you. Hey, the whole
damn thing wouldn’t have worked were it not for his
interjections—that’s the way he frames it to his folks. I
tell you, it never fails.”
Source: Australian IS-IT chief, mid-sized company in financial services
S = ƒ(SU)
Showing up (Woody Allen, Delaware’s ridiculous influence on the
Constitution of the USA)
S = ƒ(KSU, R)
Keep showing up; relentlessness (U.S. Grant!!)
S = ƒ(DW, TMSTTOG)
Drill wells, try more stuff than the other guy (John Masters, Mike
Bloomberg)
“eighty percent
of success is
showing up.”
—Woody Allen
“This is so simple it sounds stupid, but it is amazing
how few oil people really understand that
you only find
oil if you drill
wells.
You may think you’re finding it
when you’re drawing maps and studying logs,
but you have to drill.”
Source: The Hunters, by John Masters, Canadian O & G wildcatter
“We made mistakes, of course. Most of them were
omissions we didn’t think of when we initially wrote the
software. We fixed them by doing it over and over, again
and again. We do the same today. While our competitors
are still sucking their thumbs trying to make the design
perfect, we’re already on prototype version
# 5.
By
the time our rivals are ready with wires and screws, we
#10.
It gets back to
planning versus acting: We act from
day one; others plan how to plan—
for months.” —Bloomberg by Bloomberg
are on version
S= ƒ(CM)
Conscious calendar management
(the calendar never lies)
You = Your
calendar*
*Calendars
never lie!
“You must
be the
change you wish to
see in the world.”
Gandhi
S = ƒ(CPRM, TS)
Conscious-planned Relationship management,
time spent thereon
R.O.I.R.
Far more important than “ROI”!
Return On
Investment In
Relationships
FYI:
“Relationship
power” =
“Monopoly
power”
The goal is clear—an “unfair” share of attention
from an internal staffer, a vendor, a customer.
We unabashedly pursue through good-betterbest relationships de facto monopoly—the
monopolization of other important folks’ love
and affection, as it were.
FYI:
“Sustainable
competitive
advantage” =
“Relationship-based
advantage”
(period.)
Some Resources: Relationships
The Manager’s Book of Decencies: How Small Gestures
Build Great Companies—Steve Harrison
Respect—Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot
Hostmanship: The Art of Making People Feel Welcome—
Jan Gunnarsson & Olle Blohm (leader as host to hisher employees)
The SPEED of Trust: The One Thing that Changes
Everything—Stephen M.R. Covey
The Dream Manager —Matthew Kelly
The Customer Comes Second: Put Your People First and
Watch ’Em Kick Butt—Hal Rosenbluth and Diane
McFerrin Peters (no relation—be delighted if she was)
Crucial Conversations—Kerry Patterson, Joseph Grenny,
Ron McMillan, Al Switzler
Crucial Confrontations —Kerry Patterson, Joseph
Grenny, Ron McMillan, Al Switzler
Influence: Science and Practice—Robert Cialdini
Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More
Than IQ—Daniel Goleman
A few of my favorite “reads” on this topic—
especially #1. The idea of “competitiveadvantage-through-decency” is extraordinary.
Of course, “we know this”—but to see it spelled
out this way may change the course of your
professional life.
S = ƒ(TN/d, FG/m, AA/d)
Thank you notes per Day, flowers given per Month, Acts of
Appreciation per Day
S = ƒ(WLHAO)
Willingness to laugh heartily at oneself
S = ƒ(PTA100%A“T”S, E“NMF, TTT)
Proactive, timely, 100% apologies for “tiny” screw-ups, even if not
my fault (it always takes two to tango)
S = ƒ(AMR, NBS-SG)
Acceptance of mutual responsibilities for all affairs, no blameshifting, scape-goating
S = ƒ(RP, PRP>>P)
Never forget, and act accordingly: Response to the screwupproblem and perception thereof is (far, far) more important
than the problem itself!
S = ƒ(APLSLFCT)
Awareness, perception of little snubs—and lightening fast
correction thereof
S= ƒ(RCV)
Reduced customer visits (& more time on internal “customer”
relationships—that allow us to deliver on customer promises)
S= ƒ(U“PIATI”)
Understanding … “Perception is all there is!”
S= ƒ(“EM”/NSTLT; “F”ITU, -80%)
“Everything matters”/No such thing as a “little thing”—etching of fly
in the urinal in Amsterdam airport reduces “spillage” by 80%
S= ƒ(A“L”IOE)
Attention to “little” Indicators Of Excellence—e.g. fresh flowers
at the reception desk
S= ƒ(“GGT”)
“Give good tea”—Ben Franklin in Paris in 1777, Norm Schwarzkopf
with the Saudi Crown Prince during Gulf War I; effectiveness at
socializing with the “power behind the throne”
Give
good
tea!*
*Norm S, Ben F
S = ƒ(TN/d, FG/m, AA/d)
Thank you notes per Day, flowers given per Month, Acts of
Appreciation per Day
S = ƒ(WLHAO)
Willingness to laugh heartily at oneself
S = ƒ(RP, PRP>>P)
Never forget, and act accordingly: Response to the screwupproblem and perception thereof is (far, far) more important
than the problem itself!
S = ƒ(APLSLFCT)
Awareness, perception of little snubs—and lightening fast
correction thereof
S= ƒ(3X“O”C)
“Over”-communicate (status, problems)
by a factor of three
THE PROBLEM IS RARELY/
THE
RESPONSE TO THE
PROBLEM INVARIABLY
ENDS UP BEING THE
REAL PROBLEM.
NEVER THE PROBLEM.
S = ƒ(Thank you notes
per Day, flowers
given per Month,
Acts of Appreciation
per Week)
“The deepest
human need is
the need to be
appreciated.”
William James
“Courtesies of a small and
trivial character are the
ones which strike
deepest in the grateful
and appreciating heart.”
—Henry Clay
S = ƒ(PTA100%A“T”S, E“NMF, TTT)
Proactive, timely, 100% apologies for “tiny” screw-ups, even if not
my fault (it always takes two to tango)
S = ƒ(AMR, NBS-SG)
Acceptance of mutual responsibilities for all affairs, no blameshifting, scape-goating
“I’m
really
sorry.”
Power phrase:
Amazing how rare this is—which of course
is why it’s so powerful.
“I
screwed
up.”
Power phrase:
S = ƒ(G)
Grace
S = ƒ(GA)
Grace toward adversary
S = ƒ(GW)
Grace toward the wounded in bureaucratic firefights
S = ƒ(PD)
Purposeful decency
S = ƒ(MB“TSS”MR)
Purposeful management of this Soft Stuff by people reporting
to me
S = ƒ(EC, MMO)
Emotional connection, mgt & maintenance of
S = ƒ(IMDOP)
Investment in Mastery of detailed organizational processes
“What I learned from my
years as a hostage negotiator
is that we do not have to feel
powerless—and that
bonding
is the antidote
to the hostage situation.”
—George Kohlrieser, Hostage at the Table (GK’s
negotiation success rate is
>95%)
S = ƒ(H-TS)
Time spent on Hiring
S = ƒ(TSPD, TSP-L1)
Time spent on promotion decisions, especially for 1st
level managers
S = ƒ(%“SS,” H-PD)
% soft stuff involved in Hiring, Promotion decisions
S = ƒ(%WLP)
% women in leadership positions
S = ƒ(TWA, P, NP)
Time wandering around, purposeful, non-planned
S = ƒ(SBS)
Slack built into Schedule
“AS LEADERS,
WOMEN
RULE:
New Studies find that
female managers outshine their male
counterparts in almost every measure”
TITLE/ Special Report/ BusinessWeek
Women’s Negotiating Strengths
*Ability to put themselves in their
counterparties’ shoes
*Comprehensive, attentive and detailed
communication style
*Empathy that facilitates trust-building
*Curious and attentive listening
*Less competitive attitude
*Strong sense of fairness and ability to persuade
*Proactive risk manager
*Collaborative decision-making
Source: Horacio Falcao, Cover story/May 2006, World Business, “Say It
Like a Woman: Why the 21st-century negotiator will need the female touch”
This “relationship stuff” comes naturally to
women (for starters, from the genes); and is
painfully difficult for many-most men.
“TAKE THIS QUICK QUIZ: Who manages more things
at once? Who puts more effort into their
appearance? Who usually takes care of the
details? Who finds it easier to meet new
people? Who asks more questions in a
conversation? Who is a better listener? Who
has more interest in communication skills?
Who is more inclined to get involved? Who
encourages harmony and agreement? Who has
better intuition? Who works with a longer ‘to
do’ list? Who enjoys a recap to the day’s
events? Who is better at keeping in touch
with others?”
Source: Selling Is a Woman’s Game: 15 Powerful Reasons Why
Women Can Outsell Men, Nicki Joy & Susan Kane-Benson
S = ƒ (%TM“TSS,”
PM“TSS,”
D“TD”“TSS”)
% of time, measured, on This Soft Stuff,
purposeful management of this Soft Stuff, daily
“to do” concerning “this Soft Stuff”
Q: But where’s
the beef?
A: This
is
the beef!
“The terms ‘hard facts,’
and ‘the soft stuff’ used
in business imply that
data are somehow real
and strong while
emotions are weak and
less important.”
—George Kohlrieser, Hostage at the Table
O(B) = ƒ(XX)
O(B), the “blueness” of one’s “ocean” [think Blue Ocean
Strategy, the popular book], is directly proportional to one’s
eXcellence in eXecution/XX, per me.
[If one finds a “strategic” “blue ocean,” one will, especially
in today’s world, copied immediately; the only “defense”—
possibility of sustaining success—is XX/eXcellence in
eXecution. Think EXXON MOBIL; they and their rivals know
where the hydrocarbons are—but EXXON MOBIL handily
out-executes the competition.]
“Equations” #48, #49 and #50 are more
about organizational effectiveness than
individual effectiveness—and thus round out
this brief presentation.
S(O) = ƒ(XXFX)
The single most important cause of failure to execute
effectively is the lack of effective cross-functional
communication-execution. Hence, Organizational Success is a
eXcellence (X) in crossfunctional (XF) eXecution (X). Attached
function of
as Appendix II is my: The “XF-50”: 50 Ways to Enhance CrossFunctional Effectiveness and Deliver Speed, “Service
Excellence” and “Value-added Customer ‘Solutions.’”
S(O) = ƒ(X“SIT”)
In 1982 in In Search of Excellence, Bob Waterman and I
wrote about the idea of “MBWA,” or Managing By Wandering
Around; we came across “MBWA” at Hewlett-Packard, then a
much smaller company, and it was love at first sight! For
reasons described in Appendix III, I recently returned to the
centrality of that notion—and created a list of 50 “Have
Yous.” That is, instead of worrying ceaselessly about
“strategy” and “blue oceans,” how good a job have you done
at Staying In Touch with your extended internal and
external “organizational family”? That is: S(O),
X “SIT,”
eXcellence at Staying In Touch.
Organizational Success, is a function of
Hard Is Soft
Soft Is Hard
Hard Is Soft (Plans, #s)
Soft Is Hard (people,
customers, values,
relationships))
“If I could have chosen not to tackle the IBM culture head-on, I
probably wouldn’t have. My bias coming in was toward strategy,
analysis and measurement. In comparison, changing the
attitude and behaviors of hundreds of thousands of people is
[Yet] I came to see in
my time at IBM that culture
isn’t just one aspect of the
very, very hard.
game —it is the
game.”
—Lou Gerstner,
Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance
The tough-minded Mr Gerstner became
a reluctant convert to the power of
this “soft stuff.”
FLOWER
FLOWER
POWER
POWER
appendix
Four
Tom peters on
Implementation
and “The (human)
Basics”: Three
Cases
17 April 2008
“Never forget
implementation , boys. In
our work, it’s what I
call the ‘last 98 percent’
of the client puzzle.”
—Al
McDonald, former
Managing Director, McKinsey & Co, to a project team,
reported by subsequent McKinsey MD, Ron Daniel
I recently prepared a long-ish presentation on Implementation, consisting of 23
“mini-presentations.” The heart of the matter is a set of three case studies. The
first, “Charlie Wilson’s War,” deals with a crazy Congressman who masterminded
a military campaign that accelerated the break-up of the Soviet Union. The
second, “The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Effort to Aid the Rest Have
Done So Much Ill and so Little Good,” describes how the “best efforts” to help
others have run aground on the shoals of local implementation. The third, “The
Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution,” analyzes the
convention that drafted the U.S. Constitution. Each of these topics is enormous—
compared to your and my daily travails. And yet the enormity is what makes them
of special value to you and me. One might think that the success or failure of
“grand adventures” hinged on some recondite, highly intellectual set of skills—
unavailable to the likes of us. Not true! Here’s how I began the presentation on the
Constitutional Convention of 1787: “What does the U.S. Constitutional
Convention of 1787 have to teach you and me, in the Age of the Internet, about
implementing our wee pet project? A lot, I’ll argue. Whether the topic is mundane
or grand, and whether the date is 1787 or 2008, the ‘essential human basics of
implementation’ are exactly the same—and overlooking them is the universal
cause of failure.
So lets examine the ‘little’ ‘human lessons’ that underpinned the creation of
this monumental document …”
Charlie
Wilson’s
War: “Lessons
Learned”
Over Christmas [2007] I read George Crile’s Charlie Wilson’s War,
the tale of the astonishingly critical role of one determined, mildly
deranged Congressman in engineering the defeat of the Soviets
in Afghanistan, hence hastening immeasurably the subsequent
implosion of the Evil Empire, our undisputed nemesis for the
first half century of my life. I still am virtually unable to believe we
escaped with our lives.
I can state with some certainty that it was the most incredible
non-fiction story I have ever (!!) read. Last night [January 2008] I
saw the movie—it was, for me, wonderful, though a pale
reproduction of the full 550-page treatment by Crile. Turning to
the practicalities of your and my day to day professional affairs,
the story was peppered with de facto analyses of how Charlie did
his amazing thing. He is indeed “larger than life,” and yet his
practical “can do” tactics have a lot to teach all of us. As I
imagine it, 100% of the readers of this Blog are Professional
Change Agents, fighting wars against the Bureaucratic Evil
Empires which impede success. So what follows is rather (!)
lengthy for a Blogpost, but ridiculously short considering the
importance of the subject matter.
Make friends! And then more
friends! And then more friends!
1.
“The
way things normally work, if you’re not Jewish you don’t get into the
Jewish caucus, but Charlie did. And if you’re not black you don’t get
into the black caucus. But Charlie plays poker with the black caucus;
they had a game, and he’s the only white guy in it. The House, like any
human institution, is moved by friendships, and no matter what people
might think about Wilson’s antics, they tend to like him and enjoy his
company.” Likewise Wilson’s CIA partner, Gust Avrakotos, made
friends among the black members of the CIA, becoming the first white
guy to win their informal “Brown Bomber Award” (“We want to give
this award to the blackest m%^&*$f*$#@& of all.”) Bottom line: Your
power is directly proportional to the breadth and depth of your
Rolodex. Quantity counts almost as much as quantity—you never know
from whom you will need a “little” special service. “She/he who has
developed the best network of allies wins” is essentially a truism—
though not acknowledged by the majority of us and the
overwhelmingly useless MBA programs which spawned many of us.
2.
Make friends by the bushel with those several levels
down and with various disenfranchised groups. Gust
Avrakotos’ strategy: “He had become something of a legend with these
people who manned the underbelly of the Agency [CIA].” E.g., Gust
apparently knew every executive secretary by name—and had helped
many of them out with personal or professional problems. You could
almost say he had the “invisible 95%” of the Agency working for him which
allowed him to make incredible things happen despite furious resistance
from the top of a very rigid organization. I have spoken and Blogged on
this topic before, arguing among other things that the key to sales success
is “wiring” the client organization 3 or 4 levels down—where the real work
gets done. Most would agree perhaps—but damn few make it the
obsession it needs to be to foster success. One added (big) benefit is that
“those folks” are seldom recognized, and thence the “investment” will
likely yield long-lasting, not transient, rewards.
3. Carefully manage the BOF/Balance Of Favors. Practice
potlatch—giving so much help to so many people on so many occasions
(overkill!) that there is no issue about their supporting you when the time
comes to call in the chits. “Wilson made it easy for his colleagues to
come to him, always gracious, almost always helpful.” Some would argue,
and I think I’d agree, that conscious management of one’s “balance of
favors” (owed and due) is a very sensible thing to do in a pretty organized
fashion.
4.
Follow the money! “Anybody with a brain can figure
out that if they can get on the Defense subcommittee, that’s
where they ought to be—because that’s where the money is.”
Getting near the heart of fiscal processes offers innumerable
opportunities to effectively take control of a system—as long as
you are willing to invest in the details that lead to Absolute
Mastery of the topic. From the outside looking in, this is another
big argument for nurturing relationships a few levels down in the
organization—in this case the financial organization.
5.
Network! Network! Network! Potential links of
great value will neither be possible nor obvious until the network
is very dense. The odds of useful connections occurring is a pure
Numbers Game. The more hyperlinks you have, the higher the
odds of making the right connection.
Seek unlikely, even unwholesome allies,
or at least don’t rule them out. Find the right
6.
path (often $$$$) and the most bitter of rivals will make common
cause relative to some key link in the chain.
7. Found material. Don’t re-invent the wheel. It
costs too much, takes to much time, and requires too
much bureaucratic hassle. Again and again Wilson took
advantage of stuff, such as materials, that was
immediately available for use—rather than waiting an
eternity for the “perfect” solution.
8. Found material II (People): Find
disrespected oddball groups that have done exciting
work but are not recognized. (E.g., in Wilson’s case, a
band of crazies in the Pentagon’s lightly regarded
Weapons Upgrade Program.)
9. Real, Visible passion! “Authenticity”
matters—especially in highly bureaucratic
environments. Passion also suggests annoying “staying
power”—“I might as well support him, he’s not going
away and he’ll hound me ‘til hell freezes over.”
Graphic evidence of the source of your
passion. Charlie Wilson had one main hurdle to his plan—a
10.
crusty old cynic. CW took him to the astounding Afghan refugee
camps—and made a fast and emotional friend of the cause in the
space of an afternoon. If you’ve got a cause, you usually want to
fix something that is a mess—figure out a way to expose would
be converts to startling, live demos of the problem, replete with
testimony from those who are on the losing end of things. Wilson
subsequently did such things as creating a little program to treat
horrid medical problems in the U.S.—suddenly the demo was next
door! (This works for a horrid bureaucratic process that is
alienating us from our customers almost as much as in the Wilson
case.) Hint: The demo must be … graphic!)
11. Make it personal. On every visit to the refugee camps,
Wilson donated blood on the spot.
12.
Enthusiasm. Charlie and Gust oozed it from every pore re
Afghanistan.
13.
Showmanship. This (any implementation) is a
theatrical production, just like political campaigns—every
project needs a showman obsessed with creating and moving
forward the compelling “story line.”
14. Visible momentum! The smell of action must be in
the air. Think of it as “momentum management”—an aspect of
the showmanship theme.
15. Perception is … always … everything. Play
head games with the bad guys. The goal was to create a
Vietnam-like sense of hopelessness among the Soviets. The
bark was worse than the bite—but demoralization, even in a
totalitarian state, is eventually decisive. Wear the buggers out
by inducing hopelessness (“We don’t need this.”)
Goal is clear and unequivocal and inspiring
… Victory. Gust: “It wasn’t a defeatist attitude [at the CIA],
16.
it was positive—making the enemy [Soviets] hemorrhage. But
I don’t play ball that way. It’s either black or white, win or
lose. I don’t go for a tie.” (Mirrors one biographers conclusion
about Lord Nelson’s #1 differentiating attribute: “[Other]
admirals were more frightened of losing than anxious to
win.”)
Repeat: The goal is noble but “the
work” is … Relationships & Networking &
Politics. Even if the issue is deeply technical, the
17.
“implementation bit” (that all important “last 98%”) is all about
… politics-relationships.
18. Recruit a politics-networking maestro. Charlie Wilson had
this part down, and he needed help with the doing. If you are
the doer, then you must find the politician-networker. They are a
special breed—and worth as much as the doer. (The legendary
community organizer Saul Alinsky pointed out the difference
between “organizers” and “leaders.” Leaders are the visible
ones, out there giving the speeches and manning the picket
lines. The largely invisible organizer worries about recruiting
the folks who will be on that picket line, settling disputes about
who goes where—and procuring the busses to get the picketers
to the right place at the right time with the necessary signs and
bullhorns. I firmly believe that Alinsky’s Rules For Radicals is
the best “project management” manual ever written.)
18. Recruit
a politics-networking
maestro. Charlie Wilson had this part down,
and he needed
help with the doing. If you are the doer, then you must find the
politician-networker. They are a special breed—and worth as
much as the doer. (The legendary community organizer Saul
Alinsky pointed out the difference between “organizers” and
“leaders.” Leaders are the visible ones, out there giving the
speeches and manning the picket lines. The largely invisible
organizer worries about recruiting the folks who will be on that
picket line, settling disputes about who goes where—and
procuring the busses to get the picketers to the right place at the
right time with the necessary signs and bullhorns. I firmly believe
that Alinsky’s Rules For Radicals is the best “project
management” manual ever written.)
19. Think QQ/Quintessential Quartet. Passion
poobah and chief storyteller. Anal doer. Financier.
Networker-political master-recruiter-in-chief.
20. When a project is unusual-risky, never, ever
waste time or capital going go “up the chain of
command.” Risk aversion rises as one nears the top …
everywhere. Constantly devise and try and discard and rerevise end runs that build the network, add to knowledge,
and create “small wins” that start the process
mushrooming. Be polite to your boss (Gust wasn’t, there
are exceptions to every rule), but do not waste time on
him!
21. Demo! Demo! Demo! Get some little thing
done no matter how grand the goal—you need visual
evidence of hope.
22. Demo redux: Plant a field of seeds, most
will die, a few will grow—and pay special
attention to the wildflowers. Fill the air with
possibility, energy, action—no matter that 96.3% will
come to naught.
23. Take chances on unusual talent, regardless
of formal rank. Mike Vickers, a junior (GS-11) officer
was given enormous responsibility because of his
demonstrated skills and tenacity and creativity.
24. Recruit peculiar talent with no investment
in conventional solutions. Most of what you do
won’t work—don’t spend ages trying to stuff square
pegs in round holes. Cultivate a Special Network of
Weirdos, often junior, who bring no baggage to the
party.
25. Create a small, insanely committed “band
of brothers” to act as mostly invisible
orchestrators. When all was said and done, Gust
Avrakotos and his tiny (never more than a half dozen)
nerve center in the CIA never got even a smidgen of
recognition for what was the Agency’s biggest
success. But his little team did the work of hundreds—
in a true revolutionary mission, the core group must
number <10. I’ve long used the (stolen from Lockheed)
term “skunkworks” to describe such small bands of
insanely determined renegades.
26. The “Band of Brothers”-“Skunkworks”
must be physically separated from top
management. In Gust’s case it was just a few floors
of insulation—but even that is essential.
27. Think, subconsciously … long haul. A small
act of recognition toward a Major in an ally’s military
pays off Big Time 15 years later when he is Chief of
Staff of the Army—one never knows, but stitch enough
of these events together, and the odds of one paying off
go waaaaay up. That is, passion for today’s action is
paramount—but always, always, always think
consciously about … Network Investment. (Remember,
R.O.I.R.—return On Investment in Relationships.)
28. K.I.S.S. Our Afghan allies drove the Soviets crazy
less with “big weapons” (oh so difficult for an irregular
program to acquire) than with an endless and evervarying stream of “simple” (cheap, reliable, easy to
train, easy to transport) weapons such as bicycle bombs
(shades of our problems in Iraq).
29. Plan for the “real world.” Mike Vickers was a genius
at understanding the way things really were in the field—his
logistics programs reflected that. No pie-in-the-sky assumptions!
30. Cut red tape. “What we did in one month with Charlie
would have taken us nine years to accomplish.” (Approval
process in Congress, 8 days for 9 month procedure to get $$
transferred) My longtime definition: Boss = Chief hurdle remover.
Which (again) means the boss must be master of the intricacies
of the political process. A little known congressman, Tom DeLay
became one of the most powerful people in America by total
mastery of the political rules. In a business project, this means,
say, total mastery of the client’s purchasing process—including
total comprehension of the power politics going on at the
moment.
31. Don’t document it! Charlie Wilson and Gust Avrakotos
cut corners—to succeed against the powers that be you will to.
Keep documentation to a minimum—watch your emails!!
Luck!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Never deny
the reality of lucky (or unlucky) breaks;
realizing that allows you to “stay in the game,”
playing hand after hand until your cards come
in—or the time comes to fold.
32.
33. The Game Ain’t Over Until the Fat Lady
Sings. I call them the “yoiks,” which actually stands for un-
intended consequences. After the Russians had withdrawn from
Afghanistan, the U.S. once again returned to benign neglect—the
result was, indirectly, 9-11 orchestrated from Afghanistan by some
of the people we had supported a decade earlier. As to not
finishing the chore, Charlie Wilson said that the defeat of the
Soviets in Afghanistan, their first in the Cold War and a spur to the
unraveling of the Evil Empire, was a “glorious accomplishment that
changed the world. And then we f&*^ed up the end game.” I’m with
Wilson, regardless of today’s threats; as one who lived through the
entire Cold War, we are indeed now free of the not particularly low
odds threat of planetary extinction. (See my Post of 1231.07 on
Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov and the immanent end of the
world on 26 September 1983.) But that’s not the point either—
instead it is the more general axiom that you never know what
new can of worms you are opening—which to me, of course,
makes the linear, logical approach to planning and life so
laughable. Well, I guess we all need our illusions, and if plans can
proved such comfort, ridiculous as they are, it’s fine by me.
Concluding reminder: Any project worth doing
is worth doing because in some small or large
way it challenges “the way we do things around
here.” Moreover, it is a given bosses are primarily hired to be
cops who make sure that we do things “the way we do things
around here.” I’d guess that 98% of projects fail in terms of
even near-total implementation. And 98% of the 98% failures
are the results of lousy political and networking skills—not
selection of the wrong project management software package.
Hence “the work” of projects is the political implementation of
ideas and processes which necessarily engender emotional
resistance by the powers that be. We who would change things
are insurgents. Charlie and Gust were insurgents who fought,
for years, an inch at a time through the corridors of power from
Congress to the CIA headquarters in Langley VA to the
presidential palaces in Pakistan and Egypt—and even Israel.
Notes from William Easterly’s:
The White Man’s
Burden: Why the
West’s Effort to Aid
the Rest Have Done
So Much Ill and so
Little Good
The topic is, of course, of the utmost
significance to the state of human
affairs. Beyond that, this masterpiece is
perhaps the best book I’ve read on
implementation in general.
$2.3 trillion
“The West spent …
on foreign aid over the last five decades and
still has not managed to get twelve-cent
medicines to children to prevent half of all
malaria deaths. The West spent $2.3 trillion
and still not managed to get three dollars to
each new mother to prevent five million child
But I and many other
like-minded people keep
trying, not to abandon aid to
the poor, but to make sure it
reaches them.”
deaths. …
Easterly, maligned by many, is the arch-enemy
of the
Big Plan
[his capital letters, not mine]
sent from afar; and the vociferous fan of
practical activities of those he calls
“Searchers”
… who learn the
ins and outs of the culture, politics and local
conditions “on the ground” in order to use local
levers and local players, and get those 12cent medicines to community members.
Read on, “Planners” vs “Searchers” …
“In foreign aid, Planners announce good intentions but don’t motivate
anyone to carry them out; Searchers find things that work and
get some reward. Planners raise expectations but take no
responsibility for meeting them; Searchers accept
responsibility for their actions; Planners determine what to
supply; Searchers find out what is in demand. Planners apply
global blueprints; Searchers adapt to local conditions.
Planners at the top lack knowledge of the bottom; Searchers find
out what the reality is at the bottom. Planners never hear
whether the planned recipients got what they needed; Searchers
find out if the customer is satisfied. … A Planner thinks he
already knows the answers; he thinks of poverty as a technical
engineering problem that his answers will solve. A Searcher
admits he doesn’t know the answers in advance; he
believes that poverty is a complicated tangle of political,
social, historical, institutional, and technological factors;
he hopes to find answers to individual problems only by
trial and error experimentation. A planner believes outsiders
know enough to impose solutions; a Searcher believes only
insiders have enough knowledge to find solutions, and
that most solutions must be homegrown. …”
This may be the most illuminating
synopsis of implementation issues that
I have ever stumbled across.
Derived from the above and more, I have
extracted a series of “lessons” from the
Easterly book. These implementation lessons
are, in fact, universal:
Lesson (#1 of sooooooo many): Show up!
(On the ground, where the action—and
possible implementation—is.)
Lesson: Invest in ceaseless study of
conditions “on the ground”—social and
political and historical and systemic.
“eighty percent
of success is
showing up.”
—Woody Allen
Lesson: Listen
to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear
the “locals.”
Source: How Doctors Think, Jerome Groopman
Lesson: Talk to the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear to the “locals.”
Lesson: Listen to the “locals.”
Lesson: Hear to the “locals.”
Lesson: Respect the “locals.”
Lesson: Empathize with the “locals.”
Have a
truly crappy
office, and
other
un-trappings!
Lesson:
Lesson: Try to blend in, adopting local customs, showing
deference were necessary—almost everywhere;
and never interrupt the “big man” in front of his
folk, even, or especially, if you think he is 180
degrees off.
Lesson: Seek out the local leaders’ second cousins, etc,
to gain indirect assess over their uncle twice
removed! (Etc & etc.)
Lesson: Have a truly crappy office, and other
un-trappings!
Lesson: Remember, you do not in fact have the answers
despite your PhD with, naturally, honors, from the
University of Chicago—where you were mentored
by not one, but two, Nobel Laureates in economics.
Lesson: Regardless of the enormity of the problem,
proceed by trial (manageable in size) and error,
error, error. (Failure motto: “Do it right the first
time!” Success motto: “Do it right the 37th time!”
And hustle through those 37 tries—see the
next slide.)
“We made mistakes, of course. Most of them were
omissions we didn’t think of when we initially wrote the
software. We fixed them by doing it over and over, again
and again. We do the same today. While our competitors
are still sucking their thumbs trying to make the design
perfect, we’re already on prototype version
# 5.
By
the time our rivals are ready with wires and screws, we
#10.
It gets back to
planning versus acting: We act from
day one; others plan how to plan—
for months.” —Bloomberg by Bloomberg
are on version
Lesson: The process of political-community
engagement must also be approached as
a trial and error learning process.
Lesson: Always alter the experiment to accommodate
local needs—the act of apparent local modification
per se is critical, as every community leader, in
order for them to accept “ownership” and
demonstrate to their constituents that they are in
charge, must feel as if they have directly and
measurably influenced the experiment. [See the next four slides.]
Lesson: Growth (the experimental and expansionemulation process) must be organic, and proceed
at a measured pace—nudged, not hurried.
Lesson: Speed kills! (To a point.) By and large, the
messiness and “inefficiency” of the local political
process must be honored.
“Buy in”“Ownership”Authorial bragging
rights-“Born again”
Champion = One
Line of Code!
“It works this way, Tom. You’re talking to a guy who’s
important to implementation down where the rubber
meets the road. He’s skeptical—he either really is, or it’s
the act he chooses to play. You go over the thing with him
and he has a thousand objections. You nod your head a
lot, and take copious notes. Then you go back to your
guys, and you find a few places where you can very
specifically accommodate him. You make the changes,
even if they are pretty ugly. Then you go back to him,
and show him exactly what you’ve done. You have a
‘born again’ supporter. You took him seriously—and
through the changes, he’s now your co-inventor, your
savior. Now he’s doing the selling for you. Hey, the whole
damn thing wouldn’t have worked were it not for his
interjections—that’s the way he frames it to his folks. I
tell you, it never fails.”
Source: Australian IS-IT chief, mid-sized company in financial services
Nothing is
“scalable”!*
Nothing is “scalable”!*
*Every replication must
exude the perception of
uniqueness—even if it
means a half-step
backwards. (“It wouldn’t
have worked if we hadn’t done
it our way.”)
“Scalable” is “one of those [hot] words,” as in, “Will
it scale?” Replication is of paramount importance.
But a/the prime failure of many-most aid programs
has been to achieve a small success with a demo—
and then immediately shove the resulting
“approach,” as though it were Biblical, lock-stockand-barrel down the throats of 200 unsuspecting
communities—with orders to “get it done by
yesterday.” Smart people do demo after demo after
demo, and then begin to “scale” in earnest. But they
clearly understand that “scalability” is never more
than, say, a 75% affair—both real and perceived
tailoring is required at every stop, to adjust to local
conditions and to engage the local power structure
by allowing-encouraging them to “make it their
own” !
Speed kills!
Lesson: Short-circuiting political
process kills!
Lesson: Premature rollout kills!
Lesson: Too much publicity-visibility
kills!
Lesson: Too much money kills!
Lesson: Too much technology kills!
Lesson:
There are obviously limits to all these
things—one, for instance, can’t wait
forever for the political process to “play
itself out.” On the other hand, the
principal sin of the “planners” who
make Easterly’s [and my] skin crawl is
shortchanging local politics and
politicians, throwing money at the
problem, counting on clever
technologies to carry the day,
publicizing successes that aren’t, etc.
Lesson: Outsiders, to be effective, must have genuine
appreciation of and affection for the locals with whom
and for whom they are working!
Lesson: Condescension kills most—said “locals” know
unimaginably more about life than well-intentioned
“do gooders,” young or even, alas, not so young.
Lesson: Progress … MUST … be consistent with “local
politics on the ground” in order to raise the odds
of sustainability.
Lesson: You will never-ever “fix” “everything at once”
or by the time you “finish”—in our Constitutional
Convention in 1787, George Washington only got
about 60% of what he wanted!
Lesson: Never forget the atmospherics, such as numerous
celebrations for tiny milestones reached, showering praise
on the local leader and your local cohorts, while you
assiduously stand at the back of the crowd—etc.
Lesson: The experiment has failed until the systems and political
rewards, often small, are in place, with Beta tests completed,
to up the odds of repetition.
Lesson: Most of your on-the-ground staff must consist of
respected locals—the de facto or de jure Chairman or CEO
must be a local; you must be virtually invisible.
Lesson: Spend enormous “pointless” social time with the local
political leaders—in Gulf War I, Norm Schwarzkopf spent his
evenings, nearly all of them, drinking tea until 2AM or 3AM
with the Saudi crown prince; he called it his greatest
contribution!
Lesson: Keep your “start up” plan simple and short and
filled with question marks in order to allow others
to have the last word. (I once did the final draft of a
proposal, making it as flawless as could be. I gave it to my boss,
pre Microsoft Word, and he proceeded to cut it up and tape the pieces
back together, and conspicuously cross out several paragraphs of my
obviously and labored over brilliant prose that he had agreed to. “Tom,”
he said as I recall, “we want the rest of the committee [of important, or at
least self-important folks] to feel as though they are participating and
that you and I are a naïve—not confront them with a beautiful plan that
shouts ‘Don’t you dare alter a word.’”)
Lesson: For projects involving children or health or education or
community development or sustainable small-business
growth (most projects), women are by far the most reliable
and most central and most indirectly powerful local
players in even the most chauvinist settings—their
characteristic process of “implementation by indirection”
means “life or death” to sustainable project success;
moreover, the expanding concentric circles of women’s
traditional networking processes is by far the best way to
“scale up”/expand a program. (Men should not even try
to understand what is taking place. Among other things,
this networking indirection-largely invisible process will
seemingly “take forever” by most men’s “action now,
skip steps” S.O.P.—and then, from out of the blue,
following an eternity of rambling discussions-on-top-oframbling-discussions, you will wake up one fine morning
and discover that the thing is done that everything has
fallen in place “overnight” and that ownership is nearly
universal. Concomitant imperative; most of your (as an
outsider) staff should be women, alas, most likely not
visibly “in charge.”
For projects involving children or
health or education or community
development or sustainable
small-business growth (most
women
projects),
are by
far the most reliable and most
central and most indirectly
powerful local players even in the
most chauvinist settings.
Reminders:
Show up!
(Stick around!)
Listen!
(Listen! Listen! Listen!)
Study local conditions!
Stay in the background!
(Always defer to local leaders—even bad ones.
Do your “workarounds” in private.)
Adapt to local conditions!!
(No cookie-cutters, please!!)
Experiment!
(Manageable in size.)
(Trial and error, error, error—so, hustle.)
(Celebrate the tiniest successes—no such thing as “too much.”)
Get the “boring” supporting systems-infrastructure in place!
Always: Local politics rules!
(Like it or not.)
Nudge.
(Do not force things because of your schedule.)
Women are our “customers,” premier
“partners in sustainable implementation.”
Commentary on David O. Stewart’s
The Summer of
1787: The Men
Who Invented
the Constitution
Tom Peters/0409.08
What does the U.S. Constitutional
Convention of 1787 have to teach you
and me, in the Age of the Internet,
about implementing our wee pet
project? A lot, I’ll argue. Whether the
topic is mundane or grand, and whether
the date is 1787 or 2008, the “essential
human basics of implementation” are
exactly the same—and overlooking
them is the universal cause of failure.
So lets look at the “little” “human
lessons” that underpinned the creation
of this monumental document …
Drafting the U.S. Constitution in Philadelphia in the muggy summer of 1787, was, literally, America’s
defining moment. The war against the British had officially ended with the Treaty of Paris. But pirates still
plied the seas, sanctioned by the British, harassing American commerce. The loose nature of our founding
Articles of Confederation made any coherent response impossible. Chaos and clashing self-interest had
advanced to the point that several states were independently pursuing alliances and treaties with a variety
of European Great Powers. Pragmatic leaders from various states, meeting informally, decided that the
time had come to “do something, damn near anything,” about the growing anarchy, that also included the
rise of violent local militias. Hence, the Convention staggered to order, with some enthusiasm, a lot of
frustration, with various parties taking it seriously—or not; and, as always in human affairs, animated
primarily by narrow, irreconcilable geographic-commercial-personal interests.
That is, as useful and enduring and “inspiring” and “earth-shaking” as the “product” (U.S. Constitution)
turned out to be, in hindsight, the process of its birth, and the players involved, not all Washingtons and
Franklins by a long shot, was as messy and slapdash as is the case in the commonplace history of human
affairs. All of this is described with novelistic intensity in The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the
Constitution, by David O. Stewart. What so captivated me about this “fast-paced narrative,” given my
professional interests, was that so grand a result (in retrospect—no attendee, beset by Philadelphia’s black
flies and, in many cases, worrying about personal finances deteriorating “back home,” would have
imagined the Holy Aura that was later attributed to the gathering) had emerged from such garden variety
human wheeling and dealing, with chance paramount, the role of Black Flies not to be under-estimated,
and the low and loathsome playing almost as big a role as the best and brightest in the nation’s history.
Truth is, this book has changed my professional life. That is, it has reminded me of the “true basics” of
human achievement—grand and mundane alike. We may talk ceaselessly about “globalization” and “blue
oceans” and “disruptive innovation” and “brand you,” but we err—I err!—when these high falutin’ terms
distract us from assessing and sharpening the tools that are the true bedrock of the true byproduct of
organizational and individual life—i.e., … getting things done, or “GTD” as one of my pragmatic Stanford
professors called it. For it is invariably the failures on the “GTD Dimension,” not the failures of “vision” or
“strategy,” that lead to the quagmire in Iraq or the screwed-up implementation of a business-process
project. In the end, “it”—management, life—is all about human foibles, all about GTD, all about you and me
“muddling through” to inch the personal or organizational world along another millimeter or two.
So, in this instance, the drafting of the Constitution, America’s most important hour-summer, we see,
through an electron microscope (The Summer of 1787), an act of GTD driven by the factors-”stuff” that
really matter in the ever-elusive “real world”—which should be the fodder for “management gurus”
attempting to be of some help to those going about their day to day affairs, so much more often mundane
than grand.
A sampling of my notes on the book, and my translation into “lessons learned,” follow:
***Horse
trading and deals struck
in the shadowy corners of pubs was
(mostly) the order of the day.
***The pursuit of practical, “unfair” regional economic
advantage, not abstract “theories of government,” was
the determining factor in most deliberations; for
instance, deals struck between small states, seeking
clout and economic success, and South Carolina kept
slavery alive. (See also, for example, An Economic
Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States,
by Charles Beard.)
***There were gaping holes in the document, such as
the continuation of slavery (it took the Civil War, 74
years later, to sort things out) and the glossing over of
issues of citizens’ rights. (To be sure, subsequently
dealt with by the first 10 amendments.)
*** “Muddling through,” or “satisficing,” was very
much the constant state of affairs. (“Muddling through”—a
term coined by Yale political scientist Charles Lindblom.
“Satisficing,” doing a satisfactory job, based on real world
complications which cause sub-optimal results, was a word
coined by Herbert Simon, for which he won a Nobel Prize in
economics.)
***Luck was here, as everywhere, essential. At one point,
as deliberations on the most important and contentious
topic of proportional representation completely bogged
down, July 4 popped up on the calendar through sheer
luck. Many of the delegates were Revolutionary War
veterans, and the Technicolor memory of the intensity and
duration and passions of the struggle was an extraordinary
motivator; pettiness was pushed slightly and briefly aside
and the logjam was broken up in fairly short order.
***Philly’s famous summer black flies played a role,
leading to dispirited attitudes, sessions cut short and
the like.
“Showing up” was the #1
“rule of success.” Only 11 of 13 states
***
bothered to attend the Convention—Rhode Island
never sent delegates, New Hampshire’s arrived two
months late, and New York’s folks never showed up
in numbers enough to amount to a quorum. Overall,
only 30 of 60 official delegates were normally in
attendance—hence one soul, of whatever description,
saint or scoundrel, could and did make a helluva
difference time and time again.
***Despite the hardships, George Washington was
almost singular for “showing up,” not missing a day,
though as presiding officer he seldom spoke. His
magisterial presence per se was a far more important
contribution than his ideas—and his astounding
demonstration, by his consistent presence, of the
importance of turning out something saved the day
on several critical occasions.
***Money in the bank, or the absence thereof. Many
of the delegates were in less than robust financial
shape; hence they were continually distracted by
having to hurry home (no small thing in 1787), and
influenced by their perceived need to “get this damn
thing over with.” Many an important clause was
retained or excised because members were
motivated to cut deliberations short, and “get on
with it, before my creditors foreclose.”
***Raw numbers of delegates greatly influenced the
outcome. Wee Delaware had five delegates, only four
states had more; hence (wee) Delaware provided an
“unfair share” of warm bodies on the committees
that controlled the outcome in most instances.
*** “Hanging in” in per se, as usual, counted big
time: “Lesser known figures stepped forward and carried
the banner for the small states. What they lacked in
reputation or talent, they made up with tenacity.”
(“Success seems to be largely a matter of hanging on
after others have let go.” —William Feather, author)
***Working up early “first drafts,” brought to the
conclave, had great impact; that is, others were
automatically in a responsive mode, and initiative went
to the drafters.
***Annoying personality traits were of the utmost
importance. For example, Maryland’s Luther Martin was
left off all the important committees because he had a
reputation for “bombast” and being “windy”—and who
wants a windy guy in a tiny committee room, with the
windows closed for security reasons, in Philadelphia, in
August with the damn black flies causing their painful
bites with lingering aftereffects. (We have “black fly
season” in Vermont—trust me, they are awful beasts.)
***Presentation skills, good and bad and mediocre,
also had startling impact.
“Lesser known figures
stepped forward and
carried the banner
for the small states.
What they lacked in
reputation or talent,
they made up with
tenacity.”
I neither contend that Convention’s animating ideasideals per se were of scant importance, nor that the
presence of Washington, Madison, Franklin et al. was of
no import. But I do vociferously contend that mundane
variables, such as those enumerated above, shaped the
great document far more than most realize—they were
in fact determining more often than not. Face it, “people
will be people,” ego and frailties and self-interest
always lurking or on stage, no matter how grand the
occasion subsequently proves to have been. In fact, oldfashioned hangovers were probably of more than
passing importance to our glorious document. Stewart
reports that at one evening gathering of most of the
delegates, about 50 in this rare instance, alcoholic
consumption consisted of “seven large bowls of rum
punch, over 100 bottles of wine, and almost fifty
bottles of beer.” (My translation, to save you from doing
the math, is four or five hard-liquor drinks, two bottles
of wine and one beer per man, doubtless followed by a
discussion of the interstate commerce clause—no
wonder our modern day Justices of the Supreme Court
have so much trouble interpreting “original intent.”)
Lessons from the
summer of 1787 …
*** Show up!!!!!!!!!!!!
*** Keep showing up!!
*** Control the process through indirect
actions, like doing first drafts, writing
Minutes.
*** Remember the social graces—your
emotional “presentation of self” is more
important than even “all important”!!!
*** Hang in! Tenacity-relentlessness rules!
(Wear the bastards down. No kidding,
this is a matchless “success tool.”)
*** There’s no such thing as a “dull meeting.”
(No kidding!) Every get together is an
opportunity to press your agenda, directly
or indirectly, to perform a small favor with
the expectation of “return on investment”
at some point in the future.
*** Bite your tongue and listen, listen, listen—even to
bores. Nothing wins support like effective listening;
it’s the greatest gift you can give anyone!! (This is
triply important when you are desperate to correct
something someone has to say, even an “enemy” of
your cause—attentive listening is a peerless “win
‘em over” “strategic” “tool.”)
*** “Sub-committees rule! It’s the little chances to
become Master of Something and perform-influence
in a small group setting that lead to the
accumulation of power and the ability to control the
flow in an area important to you.
*** Continually “illustrate” your ability to perform well
at almost any task and build a towering reputation
for reliability.
*** Cool off! No passion, no success! Too much abrasiveness
in pursuit of a cause that inflames you kills opportunity to
succeed like nothing else. (Folks love to put an abrasive
person in his place, even if they agree with him.)
*** Take a punch and keep on trucking. Losses are common—
live with ‘em, take ‘em with good grace, and then
persevere through out-persevering the other guy/s.
(*** Speaking of “punch,” out-drinking the other guy sure
worked in the summer of 1787. Reach your own
conclusions here …)
*** Grow up, accept life. Life, effectiveness is indeed about
horse trading as often as not—and at times consorting
with one’s enemies. (“The enemy of my enemy is my
friend.” Keep your passion, stay above the waterline on
issues of deep principal—but accept, and embrace, the
messy-as-hell “real world”!
*** Remember the black flies! “Little”
distractions can change the whole game.
*** Be ready with “Plan B.” Repeat: Nothing
in the real world follows the script.
*** Nobody, even George Washington, gets
more than about 60% of what they want!
*** Keep your word. A reputation for integrity
is priceless.
*** Don’t bite off more than you can chew,
even when “can’t miss” opportunities to
further your cause arise—overloading and
thence compromising effectiveness is a
big black eye.
*** Do something! “Small wins,” accumulated
regularly, build momentum!
*** Work assiduously on your public
presentation skills!
Regardless of the
topic—mundane or grand—
it is attending to the same
“mundane” “human” “timeless”
“basics” that shape the outcome
and determine the degree of
implementation. The Master
of GTD* is the true Master of
the Universe.
Lesson of Lessons:
*GTD/Getting Things Done