Anatomy Practical
[PHL 212]
Reproductive System
Dr. Mohammad Nazam Ansari
Reproductive System
Producing offspring
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The male and female gonads (testes and ovaries) produce
 Sex cells (ova and sperm) and
 The hormones necessary for the proper development,
maintenance, and functioning of the organs of reproduction
and other organs and tissues.
Testis
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The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm
production and the development of male secondary sex
characteristics
Ovary
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The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is
required for the development of secondary sex characteristics
and for the development of eggs. Progesterone prepares the
uterus for a fertilized egg.
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Testes
Duct system
 Epididymis
 Vas Deferens
 Urethra
Accessory organs
 Seminal Vesicle
 Prostate Gland
 Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s glands)
External genitalia
 Penis
 Scrotum
 Glans Penis
 Prepuce
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Testes
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Paired oval glands measuring 2 X 1in.
Produce Sperm
Surrounded by dense white capsule
Septa form 200 - 300 compartments called lobules
Each is filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous
tubules where sperm are formed
 Mature male produces 300-500 million/ejaculation
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Seminiferous tubule
 Seminiferous tubules contain Sperm forming cells
 Interstitial (leydig) cells in between tubules secrete testosterone
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Scrotum
 Sac/Location of testes
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Epididymis
 Over 20 feet long, Located in scrotum
 Receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules
 Allows sperm to mature & stored until released
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Vas deferens
 is the dilated continuation of the epididymis
 joins with a seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct
 Duct transports sperm from epididymis to urethra
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Penis: Delivers semen to the vagina
Urethra: Tube that delivers urine & semen out of body
Glans penis: Swollen head of the penis
Prepuce (foreskin): In a circumcision procedure, the prepuce is
removed.
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Seminal Vesicles
◦ Paired glands, secrete 60% of clear, alkaline seminal fluid,
with fructose sugar, ATP and prostaglandins for normal sperm
nutrition & function
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Prostate
◦ Single, lies under the urinary bladder
◦ Secretes 30% of milky seminal fluid with an antibiotic to kill
bacteria
◦ Its secretions also help to neutralize vaginal acidity and make
sperm motile.
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Cowper’s Glands
◦ Two tiny glands below the prostate, secrete clear, alkaline
mucus to lubricate urethra
Ovary
 Two ovaries, Location of egg production
 Located in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the
uterus
 Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes or oviducts)
 Paired tubes that connects ovaries to uterus & transports eggs
 Transport is by peristalsis & beating cilia
 Uterus
 Hollow, thick-walled muscular chamber located in the pelvis
anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder
 Contains environment to allow for the development of a fertilized
egg & provides nutrition to embryo
 Expands 500 x’s its normal size during a full term pregnancy
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Cervix
 Neck of the uterus
 Vagina
 Thin-walled muscular tube lying between the bladder and
the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the
body,
 Provides a passageway from uterus to outside for birth,
menstrual flow, and is the organ of copulation
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External genitalia (Vulva)
Includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.