Honors Biology
CHAPTER 6 TEST
REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
For Study Sheet to
Chapters 6 + Respiratory
System Test
1 = nostril
3 = pharynx
2 = nasal cavity
4 = epiglottis
5 = larynx 6 = esophagus
7 = trachea 8 = lung
(pleura-outside)
9 = pleura 10 = bronchi
11 = bronchioles 12 = diaphragm
13 = alveoli 14 = from heart
(pulmonary artery blue)
15 = capillary bed or
pulmonary vein to heart red
16=alveolar duct
17 = alveolus
What processes are at A, B, C?
A (glycolysis) B (Krebs cycle)
C (ETC and chemiosmosis)
(oxidative phosphorylation)
What electron carriers are at “D”
and at “E”?
“D” = NADH “E” = FADH2 + NADH
What Number is at “F” and “G?”
What Numbers “F?” 2 ATP
“G” 34 ATP
What waste gas leaves at “H”?
H. Carbon Dioxide
• 18. Anaerobic process in yeast
• Alcoholic fermentation
• 19. movement of H+ ions across ATP
synthase
• chemiosmosis
• 20. splitting of glucose into two 3-C
molecules
• Glycolysis
• 21. Also called citric acid cycle
• Krebs cycle (TCA)
• 22. movement of e- from high energy to
low through the IM
• ETC
• 23. anaerobic process in animals’ muscles
• Lactic acid fermentation.
How many?
• 24. Carbons are in each pyruvic
acid molecule?
•3
• 25. Net ATP’s are formed when
one molecule of glucose breaks
down in glycolysis?
•2
How many?
• 26. FADH2 formed per pyruvate molecule
in Krebs cycle?
• 1 (2 per glucose)
• 27. ATP are formed during ETC and
chemiosmosis per glucose breakdown?
• 34
How many?
28. ATP’s formed from breakdown of
glucose TOTAL (NET glycolysis, Krebs,
and ETC/chemiosmosis)?
• 38
• 29. ATP’s are needed to phosphorylate
the glucose in glycolysis? (Energy
imput)
• 2
How many?
• 30. ATP is made in the Energy Payoff
Phase of Glycolysis only?
•4
AND
• WHAT PERCENT OF THE ENERGY
FROM GLUCOSE CAN BE CAPTURED
(not lost as heat)?
• A. 28%
• B. 34%
• C. 67%
• D. 78%
• ANSWER: B. 34%
WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?
• 31. Fermentation?
• Cytoplasm
• 32. Krebs cycle?
• Matrix
• 33. ETC?
• IM
WHERE DOES IT TAKE
PLACE?
• 34. H+ ions collection before they pass
through the ATP synthase?
• IMS
• 35. Location of the ATP synthase?
• IM
#36
• How is ETC different than burning glucose
with a flame?
• ETC passes electrons GRADUALLY from
high energy to low while burning glucose
with a flame is rapid.
ADD
• How does the movement of energy down
the ETC differ from the movement of
energy of just burning glucose with a
match?
• GRADUALLY
MOVES FROM
HIGH TO LOW
#37
• What electron carrier is used in
glycolysis?
• NADH
• What electron carriers are used in the
Krebs cycle?
• NADH and FADH2
#38
• What is the final electron
acceptor of cellular
respiration?
• OXYGEN
#39
• Where do each of these come from to
form water in cellular respiration?
• H+
• Electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)
• OXYGEN
• Breathe in through the lungs
• ELECTRONS
• Electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)
#40
• Where is NAD+ regenerated in
cytoplasm?
• In fermentation
41.
• 50 calories = .050 kilocalories = .05 Cal
• 50 Calories = 50,000 calories
• Calorie = 1000 calories=1 kcal
• Big C “Calorie” = 1000 little “c”
calories = 1 kilocalorie
#42
• What is another name for the Krebs cycle?
• TCA (tricarboxylic cycle)
• Citric acid cycle
#43
• What enzyme grooms pyruvic acid so it
can enter the Krebs cycle?
• Coenzyme A
• What is cut off pryruvic acid so it can enter
the Krebs cycle?
• One carbon as carbon dioxide
44. Splitting of Glucose into these
two 3-C compounds
•
•
•
•
•
A. pyruvic acid
B. carbon dioxide
C. ethanol
D. water
E. Lactic acid
• ANSWER: A
#45
• Made at the end of ETC
when H+ ions combine with
oxygen.
• WATER
#46
• What forms with ethyl alcohol
(ethanol) in yeast fermentation?
• Carbon dioxide
47. What forms in anaerobic
fermentation in animals’ muscles?
• Lactic acid
#48
• What is an intermediate
formed at the end of the
Energy Investment Phase of
glycolysis?
• G3P
#49
• What forms as a waste product
liquid in yeast only if oxygen is not
present when pyruvic acid is
fermented?
• Ethanol
#50
• ADP is the oxidized form and ATP
is the reduced form (with
phosphate added)
• #51
• NAD+ is the oxidized form
and NADH is the reduced
form with H+ and electrons)
#52
• FAD is the oxidized form and
FADH2 (reduced) has picked up
H+ and electrons
#53
• Glucose has 6 carbons and
pyruvic acid has 3 carbons.
#54
• Aerobic means with
oxygen
• Anaerobic means without
oxygen
#55
• The electrons flow down the
ETC by the attraction to
oxygen
• = the final electron acceptor.
#56 What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
• C6H12O6
•
+ 6 O2
• 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
• + ATP
#56 What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
• C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
#57
• Substrate-Level phosphorylation
• No membrane, no oxygen to make ATP
• Like in cytoplasm and Matrix
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Membrane, oxygen to make ATP
• Like in inner membrane of
mitochondrion
58. What are the 3 steps of “Cut
and Groom” of pyruvate?
• 1. remove a carbon (CO2)
• 2. Form NADH
• 3. Coenzyme A is added to form
acetyl-CoA
#59 TOTAL NUMBERS
2 pyruvates (1 glucose) broken
down in Krebs cycle
• ATP
• 2
• NADH
• 6
• FADH2
• 2
• CO2
• 4
#60 EXTENDED RESPONSE
CONTRAST
• SLOW TWITCH
MUSCLES
• Thin fibers
• Many mitochondrion
• Aerobic
• Many myoglobin
• Dark Meat
• Long Distance runs
• FAST TWITCH
MUSCLES
• Thick fibers
• Few Mitochondrion
• Anaerobic
• Few myoglobin
• White Meat
• Sprinters, weight
lifting
#61 LABEL
B
E
A
D
Inter membrane
space
C
#62
REDUCED
GER
gain of electrons (H)
• C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2+ 6H2O + ATP
OXIDIZED
LEO
loss of electrons (H)
63. WHAT IS OAA?
• 4 carbon
molecule that
attaches to
acetyl group to
form citric acid
#64
• What causes ATP Synthase to form ATP?
Protons (H+) embed in
the ATP synthase and
turn the rotary motor
This causes enough
energy to cause P to
join ADP to form ATP.
HOW MANY ATP FORM
DURING?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Glycolysis
2
Krebs Cycle
2
ETC/CHEMIOSMOSIS
34
#65 Name your poison
• Blocks ETC to kill pest insects and fish
• Rotenone
• Used in Tylenol tampering; blocks 4th
protein in ETC
• cyanide
• Antibiotic blocks H+ passage
• oligomycin
• Rapid loss of energy as heat
• DNP
Nice Animations
• When CYANIDE is inhales and disrputs
the ATP Production (1:17)
• Rotenone Poisoning (5:01)
• Oligomycin poisoning
• DNP youtube (3:21)
#66
• IN YEAST AND BACTERIA
• Pyruvate
ethanol and carbon dioxide
• IN MUSCLES
Pyruvate
lactic acid
#67 Under what conditions…
• Do obligate anaerobes live?
• Anaerobic conditions required
• (poisoned by oxygen)
#67 Under what conditions do…
• Facultative anaerobes live?
• Can make ATP either with or
without oxygen
4 NADH would form how many
ATP?
•
•
•
•
4
8
12
16
• ANSWER: 12
#68 What is the smallest rotary
motor known?
• ATP synthase
• H+ running through it
causes it to turn
• WHAT DOES IT DO?
• Causes ADP + P to form
ATP
69. What means “Sugar
Breaking?”
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. fermentation
C. Krebs Cycle
D. ETC
• ANSWER: A
•
•
•
•
•
70. What process regenerates
NAD+ (NADH back to NAD+) so
glycolysis and cell respiration can
continue?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
ETC/chemiosmosis
Fermentation
___________________
• ANSWER: fermentation
#71
OAA = 4-C
(recycled)
+ 2-C acetyl
6-C citric acid
(temporary)
OAA joins with acetyl group
to form citric acid to start
Krebs cycle.
#72 “Redox reaction”
Oxidation – Reduction Reaction
LEO
goes
GER
• Reduction
• Oxidation
• addition of
• loss of
electrons
to
electrons from
another
one substance substance
• Loss of H+
• Gain of H+
• NADH NAD+ • NAD+ NADH
#73 B = H+ ions IMS
Where is ATP Synthase?
Where is ATP Synthase?
#75 “A” = ETC
#76 Where is the Krebs cycle?
#76 Krebs cycle = D
77. Which is inhalation?
Which is inhalation?
Diaphragm
relaxed
Diaphragm
contracted
Which is the diaphragm relaxing?
Which is the diaphragm exhaling?
Count off
1-5
• Get a big dry erase board and that is your
extended response question to write.
• We will them walk around the room to view
your answers.
EXTENDED RESPONSE
Do One 10 POINT
• 1. Contrast slow twitch muscles and fast
twitch muscles according to:
• Fiber thickness thin thick
• Number of mitochondrion many few
• Aerobic or anaerobic aerobic anaerobic
• Number of myoglobin many few
• Used for long distance sprint
• Color of meat dark
light
EXTENDED RESPONSE
Do one 10 pointer
• 2. Trace oxygen: diaphragm
contracts for inhalation
Enter nostrils or mouth
Enters pharynx
epiglottis flap is open for air
air now in
larynx
Air to trachea
air
enters the two branches, the bronchi
air enters the many smaller tubes, the
bronchioles
the air enters the alveoli
(here carbon dioxide is exchanged with
oxygen) Pleura covers and protects the
lungs.
EXTENDED RESPONSE
Choose one 5 pointer
• 1. Trace a NAD+ to NADH and back.
• EXAMPLE: NAD+ is reduced (to NADH) in
the Krebs cycle and delivers e- and H+ to
the first ETC protein complex. Here the eare given to the ETC and the H+ cross the
IM. The NAD+ formed goes back to the
Krebs cycle and picks up e- and H+ and
citric acid is broken down.
EXTENDED RESPONSE
Pick one 5 pointer
• 2. The ETC will move electrons down the
electron transport chain from high energy
to lower.
• The e- are pulled toward oxygen, the final
electron acceptor, to form water.
•
• As the e- are removed the H+ ions from
NADH collect in the inner membrane
space.
• As these H+ move through the ATP
synthase, enough energy is made to the
moving enzyme to cause a P to join ADP
to form ATP.
• Overview of ETC and chemiosmosis
EXTENDED RESPONSE
Do one 5 pointer
• Pulmonary
arteries
• Pulmonary
veins
• Carry blood from • Carry blood from
heart to the
lungs to the
lungs
heart
• Blood is
• Blood is
deoxgenated
oxygenated
• Blood is blue
• Blood is red
1- right pulmonary artery
3- left pulmonary artery
4 - right pulmonary vein
6- left pulmonary vein