Do Now
• Take out your APPARTS Opposing Viewpoints
homework.
• Take out your Chapter 2 vocabulary cards for
collection.
• Copy homework into your agenda.
• Share your APPARTS answers for both articles
with the partner across the aisle from you.
The Thirteen Colonies and the
British Empire, 1607-1750
Chapter 2
Three Types of Charters
1. Corporate Colony
• Run by a jointstock company
• Like a corporation
• Middle class
people pooled
their small savings
to start a business.
2. Royal
Colony
• Directly under
the king’s rule
3. Proprietary Colony
• Ruled by people who
were granted
ownership by the
king
• The king thought this
would give him
almost total control.
The Chesapeake Colonies (Part 1)
Virginia
Maryland
Virginia
• Was given to George Calvert
(Lord Baltimore) as a reward.
= 1st proprietary colony
• Act of Toleration
– 1st law granting religious
freedom
– Only applied to Christians;
death to any who denied
divinity of Christ.
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Sir Wm Berkeley (royal governor)
– favored wealthy planters
– Didn’t protect backwoods farmers from
Indian attacks
• Nathanial Bacon
• Protestant Revolt/Civil War
– Resented Catholic proprietor;
repealed Act of Toleration
– Led the farmers in a rebellion.
– Volunteer army raided and massacred
Indian Villages
– Defeated the governor’s forces; burned
Jamestown
• Later brutally suppressed.
2 Major Colonial Disputes in Virginia
1. CLASS DIFFERENCES (wealthy planters v. poor farmers)
2. COLONIAL RESISTANCE TO ROYAL CONTROL
The Chesapeake Colonies:
Labor Shortages (tobacco industry)
Reasons for INITIAL slow growth:
• Unhealthy climate
• High death rate
– Disease
– Indian attacks
– Male-Female imbalance
40 million lbs exported annually
3 Solutions to Labor Shortage:
1. Indentured Servitude
–
–
2.
Under the absolute rule of their master, who paid for
their passage, room, and board, for 4-7 years
After this, they gained their freedom, worked or farmed.
Head right System
50 acres were given to:
–
An immigrant who paid for his own passage
–
A plantation owner who paid an immigrant’s passage
3.
Slavery
–
–
–
Bacon’s rebellion demonstrated need for a new labor
source—colonists increasingly turned towards African
slavery during the 17th century
Initially, African slaves had the same status as
indentured servants (not for life)
House of Burgesses: in 1660’s, enacted laws that
discriminated against blacks (treated as lifelong slaves).
Quiz Question 11
The colonial headright system:
a. Was used in all of the colonies from
Massachusetts to Georgia
b. Gave land to slaves and indentured servants
c. Parceled out land for each immigrant who came
to the colony
d. Parceled out land to those who helped settle
and establish towns
e. Gave land to only those who were “freemen”
Label the Chesapeake Colonies
MARYLAND
VIRGINIA
The New England Colonies (Part 1)
Massachusetts
Bay Colony
• Strong Puritan
convictions
• Dissidents were
banned.
New Hampshire
• King Charles
separated it from
Massachusetts,
hoping to increase
royal control in the
colonies.
• Royal colony
Rhode Island
•
•
•
Roger Williams [individual conscience]
• Founded Providence
• Paid Native Americans for land
• Complete religious toleration
Anne Hutchinson [antinomianism: faith alone,
not works  salvation]
• Founded Portsmouth
1644: Charter  RHODE ISLAND
• Religious freedom for all
Connecticut
•
•
•
Rev. Thomas Hooker [Boston Puritans]
• Founded Hartford
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut = 1st
written Constitution
John Davenport
• Founded New Haven
1665: Royal Charter  CONNECTICUT
• Some self-gov’t
Quiz Question 12
Anne Hutchinson is most associated with which
of the following:
a. Antinomianism
b. Predestination
c. Connecticut
d. John Cotton
e. Roger Williams
Quiz Question 13
Massachusetts Bay produced two spin-off
colonies:_____ which wished to reproduce
Puritan culture, and _____, which rejected it
a. Connecticut and Rhode Island
b. Rhode Island and New Jersey
c. New Jersey and New York
d. New York and Pennsylvania
e. Virginia and Pennsylvania
The New England Colonies (Part 2)
• The Halfway Covenant
• “People could take part in church services without formally declaring total belief in
Christ.”
– Native-born Puritans weren’t as committed to their religious faith.
– The Halfway Covenant helped keep the younger generation in the church.
• New England Federation
– This is an example of colonies taking unified action for a common
purpose.
– Four New England Colonies formed a military alliance in the face of
Native American attacks. (2 representatives/colony)
•• King
Phillip’s
War [ended Native American resistance to
Pequot
War
the colonists]
–
Pequot’s(AKA
over
fur
trade
dispute.
– Annihilated
Metacom [a Wampanoag]
King
Phillip)
united
England
tribes to to
attack
Englishthe
settlers.
– Southern
This ledNew
Chief
Metacom
believe
only
– 1675-1676:
war; many
villages were
burned; thousands
way
to
resist
European
encroachment
was to
were killed.
unite with other native tribes
– Colonial forces won.
Quiz Question 14
A Puritan who had been baptized but who could
not receive communion or vote on church
matters probably joined the church under terms
dictated by?
a. The colonial governor
b. The Halfway Covenant
c. The legislature
d. The Saybrook Platform
e. His own personal conscience
Label the New England Colonies
MASSACHUSSETS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
The Restoration Colonies (Part 1)
[King Charles II was returned to power after a brief Puritan rule
under Oliver Cromwell.]
• South Carolina
• Charleston was founded by planters from Barbados (brought
with them the plantation system and slave codes)
• Economy: rice, indigo, foodstuffs for West Indies where sugar
was the main crop
• North Carolina
•
•
•
•
Small, self-sufficient tobacco farms
Less reliance on slavery
Democratic views like Rhode Island
Autonomy from the British (resistant to authority)
New York
– Charles II wanted to consolidate his colonies; he granted New Amsterdam to his brother (Duke of
York) and sent a force to gain control of the colony.
– Renamed New Amsterdam “New York:”
– Freedom of worship, linguistic freedom
– Taxed colonists without allowing a representative assembly; repealed when colonists
protested.
New Jersey
– James felt New York was too big to govern, so he gifted a section that would
eventually became New Jersey
– Offered religious freedom and a representative assembly
The Restoration Colonies (Part 2)
Pennsylvania
William Penn received the land grant as a repayment of debt.
• Settled by the Quakers
– -loving, Christians
– Gender equality (egalitarian)
– Saw religious authority in each person’s soul.
•
“Holy Experiment”
1.
2.
3.
•
•
Religious refuge for all
Liberal ideas in government
Generate income and profits
Frame of Government guaranteed a representative assembly.
Charter of Liberties [written Constitution] allowed freedom of worship and unrestricted
immigration.
Georgia
Reasons for creating this new colony:
Delaware
a buffer zone to protect South Carolina from
• William Penn gave the 1. Create
Spanish Florida
lower three counties 2. London philanthropists wanted to remove debtors from
of Pennsylvania a
crowded jails and give them a chance to start over.
separate assembly.
James Oglethorpe (governor)
•
Ban on drinking rum
 created a separate
colony
•
Prohibition of slavery
20 years later: royal colony run by British System
•
Smallest, poorest colony; adopted plantation system
Quiz Question 15
The colonies of Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Maryland
had which of the following characteristics in common?
a. They were founded by Quakers
b. They were settled primarily by non-Englishmen
c. They were settled by emigrants from other colonies
d. They were founded as refuges from religious
persecution in England
e. They were strongly opposed to the institution of
slavery
Quiz Question 16
William Penn sought to do all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. Displace the savage Indians
b. Provide a refuge to Quakers from England
c. Establish a model society based upon reform
d. Generated rental revenue for himself
e. Purchase land from the Indians
Quiz Question 17
A religious dissenter would have been least
tolerated in:
a. Rhode Island
b. Maryland
c. New Netherlands
d. New Sweden
e. Massachusetts Bay
Label the Restoration Colonies
NEW YORK
NEW JERSEY
PENNSYLVANIA
DELAWARE
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
GEORGIA
Identify the different regions
Mercantilism & the Empire
• Mercantilism
PROS
•New England shipbuilding prospered.
•Chesapeake tobacco had a monopoly in England.
•English military protected colonies from
French/Spanish attacks.
CONS
•Limited manufacturing
•Chesapeake received low prices for raw goods
•Colonists were forced to pay high prices for English
manufactured goods.
• resentment, defiance, lax enforcement, MA
charter revoked.
Colony
Raw
materials
– The main purpose of colonies was to
make the parent country rich.
Trade + wealth + colonies = military &
political strength
The parent government regulated trade and
production to help become wealthier.
Parent Country
$$ profit $$
Colony
Colony
Navigation and Trade Acts (1650-1673)
ESTABLISHED MERCANTILISM IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES.
3 rules for colonial trade:
1.
Trade to/from colonies must use English/colonial ships &
crews
2.
All imports must pass through England.
3.
Tobacco (etc…) could only be exported to England.
Dominion of New England
James II wanted to increase royal control over the colonies by combining them and eliminating representative
assemblies.
• New York + New Jersey + New England = “Dominion of New England” (Governed by Sir Edmund Andros)
Glorious Revolution deposed James II; colonies returned to separate charters.
RESTRICTIONS ON COLONIAL TRADE CONTINUED AND WERE WIDELY RESENTED.
Quiz Question 18
The primary purpose of the Navigation Acts of the
1660s was to:
a. Stimulate trade
b. Encourage the colonies to conduct business with
other countries than England
c. Regulate trade within the empire
d. Forbade colonial to engage in England’s
monopoly of munitions trade
e. Regulate the amount of cotton to be exported to
Europe
Quiz Question 19
The theory that nations should increase their
wealth, as measured in gold and silver and ensure
that they sell more than they import is known as
a. imperialism
b. Laissez-faire
c. democracy
d. monetarism
e. mercantilism
The Institution of Slavery
Reasons for the Increased Demand for Slavery
1. Reduced migration
–
Wages  in England, so fewer immigrated.
2. Slavery provided a stable workforce (as opposed to
indentured servitude—Bacon’s Rebellion)
3. Slavery provided a cheap labor force
–
Rice & indigo (tobacco $  ) were profitable.
Laws regarding Slavery
 Whites regarded blacks as social inferiors.
– 1641 (MA) “lawful captives”
– 1661 (VA): children inherited a mother’s slave status
– 1664 (MD): baptism didn’t affect a slave’s status; white women
couldn’t marry African American men.
Triangular Trade
Quiz Question 20
Africa exported ____________ as part of the
triangular trade system:
a. slaves
b. rum
c. tobacco
d. Woolen clothes
e. Gold, diamonds, and silver
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling p. 30 (28 new [blue/red] book)
1. What were the motives of those who set out for Jamestown?
2. How did colonists view England?
3. What was the greatest obstacle that the settlers at Jamestown faced?
4. Who was John Smith and what is his historical significance?
Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake p. 32
5. What caused both the First and Second Anglo-Powhatan Wars?
6. What was the ultimate result of these wars?
Virginia: Child of Tobacco p. 35
7. What does it mean to say that “the European demand for tobacco was nearly
insatiable”?
8. Name at least two effects the cultivation of tobacco had on Jamestown?
The Plantation Colonies p. 41
9. What did the Southern Colonies have in common?
Building the Bay Colony p. 50
10. What was the purpose of the government in Massachusetts Bay?
11. What were religious leaders not allowed to do? Why is this significant?
Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania p. 60
12. What practices or values made Pennsylvania such a unique colony?
13. How did Pennsylvania attract immigrants?
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling p. 30
1. What were the motives of those who set out for Jamestown?
2. How did colonists view England?
3. What was the greatest obstacle that the settlers at Jamestown faced?
4. Who was John Smith and what is his historical significance?
Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake p. 32
5. What caused both the First and Second Anglo-Powhatan Wars?
6. What was the ultimate result of these wars?
Virginia: Child of Tobacco p. 35
7. What does it mean to say that “the European demand for tobacco was nearly
insatiable”?
8. Name at least two effects the cultivation of tobacco had on Jamestown?
The Plantation Colonies p. 41
9. What did the Southern Colonies have in common?
The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism p. 46
10. What are Protestants opposed to? Why?