Topic: Ecology
Aim: Describe the effects of environmental
changes on humans and other populations.
Do Now: Take out your ecology reading notes.
HW: Earth Day Poster due Tuesday.
Don’t forget the CL Evolution test is due
Monday!!!
Which phrase best describes an
ecosystem?
1. all the living organisms in a specific
location
2. all the nonliving materials in a specific
location
3. some nonliving materials passing
through living organism in a
specific location
4. living organisms and nonliving
materials interacting in a specific
location
Ecological Terms
(1) Commensalism
(2) Mutualism
(3) Parasitism
(4) Decomposers
(5) Predator
1. The relationship between the crocodile and
the leech Parasitism
2. Bacteria or fungi Decomposers
3. One organisms is benefits and the other is
not affected Commensalism
4. Organisms hunt for animals as a source of
food Predator
5. Both organisms benefit Mutualism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8pMMw3mtSw
1. Describe • Normal, GRADUAL changes that
occur in the types of species
ecological
succession.
that live in that area
2. Describe • The first to inhabit an area
pioneer
• Ex:
organism
– Lichens
and identify
– Moss
an example
– Bacteria
of pioneer
organisms.
3. Describe • The end stage of succession
a climax
• Community of plants that is
community.
stable and UNDISTURBED
(Not replaced by another community)
4. Identify • Wildfire
some
• Avalanche
factors that
• Human activities
can disrupt
a climax
community.
5. Observe
Figure 3 on
p. 742.
a. Where
did this
1988 fire
occur?
• Yellowstone National Park
b. What
was still
found in
the soil
after the
fire that
caused
succession
to begin
again?
• Seeds protected under the soil
c. Identify • Secondary Succession
the type of
succession
that was
occurring?
Primary succession begins in a place
previously without plants.
Secondary succession begins in a place that
already has soil and was once home to living
things.
Stages of Succession in a Pond
6. Describe • Any natural resource that is
recycled or replaced constantly
renewable
resources
by nature.
and identify • Sun, water, air, crops
4 examples
of
renewable
resources.
7. Describe •
nonrenewable
resources
and identify
4 examples •
of
nonrenewable
resources.
Natural resources that are used
up more quickly than they can be
replaced by natural processes
Plastics, paints, gasoline,
petroleum, minerals, metals
8. Describe • Fuels formed in Earth’s crust
fossil fuels.
over hundreds of millions of
years
9. Identify 5
examples of
fossil fuels
that we use
everyday.
•
•
•
•
•
Gasoline
Diesel fuel
Jet fuel
Coal
Natural Gas
10. Identify • Because they are limited, in the
2 problems
future they may become more
caused by
expensive and difficult to obtain
the burning
• Environmental problems
of fossil
– Mining coal leads to the stripping
fuels. .
away of thick layers of soil and
rock which can destroy ecosystems
• Burning of fossil fuels leads to
air pollution (smog, acid rain,
global warming)
• Rain falls
11.
Describe at
on roads
least 3
and
causes of
parking
water
lots  can
pollution.
wash oil
and grease
into soil
and
nearby
streams
• Rain washes agricultural pesticides and
fertilizers into lakes, streams and rivers
• Industrial wastes are sometimes released
into surface waters
Topic: Ecology
Aim: Describe the effects of environmental
changes on humans and other populations.
Do Now: Take out your ecology reading notes.
HW: Earth Day Poster due tomorrow.
CL Plants due Friday
CL Ecology due Monday
1.Identify process A. Identify the cell organelle where it
occurs.
respiration
mitochondria
2. Identify process B. Identify the cell organelle where
it occurs.
photosynthesis
chloroplasts
3. Which material cycle is represented in the diagram?
Carbon cycle
1. Identify a plant’s response to
external stimuli.
TROPISM
2. Identify the chemical that causes
that response.
AUXINS
Identify the tropisms below.
1. Plant grows towards water.
HYDROTROPISM
2. Plants response to touch.
THIGMOTROPISM
3. Roots grow down towards gravity. Stems
grow up and away from gravity.
GRAVITROPISM OR GEOTROPISM
4. Plant bends towards light.
PHOTOTROPISM
1. Which group contains only abiotic
factors? Support your answer.
2. Identify the group that represents an
ecosystem. Support your answer.
A, C and D because it consists of biotic and
abiotic factors interacting together.
Barnacles often attach themselves to
whales and receive free
transportation to parts of the ocean.
The whales are not affected by this
activity. Identify this relationship.
Support your answer.
Commensalism
One organism benefits while the
other is not affected.
1. What process is occurring in the diagram?
Ecological succession
2. What would most likely be found in stage 1?
Pioneer species
3. Identify Stage IV.
Climax community
4. Will stage IV be replaced by another community? Support your
answer.
No , it will not because it is a stable community.
5. Identify a factor that can disrupt a climax community.
Natural disaster, hurricane, tornado, deforestation,
industrialization
1. Which would NOT be considered a
renewable resource
(1.) coal
(2.) solar power
(3.) ocean waves (4.) hydroelectric power
2. Identify a renewable resource not seen
in the previous question.
water, trees
3. Identify another nonrenewable
resource.
fossil fuels: natural gas, oil, petroeum
12. Describe •
2 NEGATIVE •
effects of
water
•
pollution.
Poison fish and other wild life
Can be harmful to people who swim
in or drink water
Mercury and other metals can build
up in tissues of fish  transferred
to people and animals
Air pollution
1. Identify • Byproducts of burning fossil
the greatest fuels
contributor
to air
pollution.
2. Identify
at least 6
health
hazards of
air pollution.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Irritated noses
Irritated eyes and throats
Asthma attacks
Heart or respiratory diseases
Cancers
Nerve damage
3. What is
acid rain?
• Acidic form of precipitation that
can damage trees, crops, lakes
and bodies of water
4. Identify
the
pollutants
that cause
acid rain
• Sulfur oxides and nitrogen
oxides
• From burning of coal and fossil
fuels
Effects of acid rain:
• Washes nutrients from the soil (damage to trees
and plants)
• Runoff from acid rain gets into lakes and rivers
5. Where is
the ozone
layer
located?
• Upper atmosphere
• Stratosphere
6. Describe • It acts as a protective shield
the
that protects the earth from
importance
harmful UV radiation.
of the ozone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8
layer.
7. Identify • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)
the
• Halons
chemicals
that break • Methyl chloroform
down the
ozone layer.
8. Identify
what
releases
CFC’s.
• Used in aerosol propellants –
hairspray and deodorants
• Coolants in refrigerators and air
conditioners
9. Describe
global
warming.
• Carbon dioxide from the burning
of fossil fuels builds up in the
atmosphere  warming of earth
Greenhouse Effect
10. Identify • Carbon dioxide
the gas that
contributes
to global
warming.
11. Describe • Polar ice caps melt  ocean
3 negative
levels rise
effects
global
warming has
on
ecosystems.
• Climate change
– Erratic weather
– Changes in
rainfall patterns
– Increase in the #
of storms and
hurricanes
– Warner weather
Let’s summarize…
1. Describe ecological succession.
2. Describe how humans can disrupt a climax
community. Explain what happens after this
disruption.
3. Explain the causes and effects of air pollution.
4. Explain the causes and effects of acid rain.
5. Explain the causes and effects of global
warming.
6. Explain the causes and effects of ozone
depletion.
The diagrams best illustrates
(1.) ecological succession
(2.) organic evolution
(3.) the effects of acid rain
(4.) a food chain
If no human intervention or natural
disaster occurs, by the year 2050 this
area will most likely be a
(1.) pond
(2.) field
(3.) forest
(4.) desert
Which sequence best represents the
stages of succession that would most
likely occur in NY State?
(1) bare rock beech-maple forest
moss lichens
(2) Grassland pine forest  beechmaple forest  marsh  lake
(3) Lake  marsh grassland 
shrubs  beech-maple forest
(4) pine forest  grassland  shrubs
 lichens
Which statement concerning the
climax stage of an ecological
succession is correct?
(1.) It is the first community to
inhabit an area.
(2.) It consists entirely of plants.
(3.) It persists until the environment
changes.
(4.) It changes rapidly.
For 25 years, hay was cut from the same 10
acres on a farm. During these years, shrews,
grasshoppers, spiders, rabbits, and mice
were seen in this hayfield. After the farmer
retired, he no longer cut the hay and the
field was left unattended. What will most
likely occur in the former hayfield over the
next few decades?
1. The plant species will change, but the animal
species will remain the same.
2.The animal species will change, but the plant
species will remain the same.
3.Neither the plant species nor the animal
species will change.
4.Both the plant species and the animal species
will change.
1. Which substance is the major
cause of the loss of our
stratospheric ozone shield?
(1.) CFC's
(2.) oxygen
(3.) acid rain (4.) carbon dioxide
2. Give an example of a negative
effect of ozone depletion.
More cases of skin cancer
Destroy producers  malnutrition
Eye defects
1. Which is NOT an expected effect of
global warming?
(1.) Melting of polar ice caps.
(2.) Flooding of coastal areas.
(3.) Increased crop yields.
(4.) Alteration of rainfall patterns
2. What are two possible causes of global
warming?
Burning of fossil fuels
Deforestation
Increase in factories
There is ample evidence to
suggest a direct relationship
between global warming and
increased
(1.) ozone concentration
(2.) carbon dioxide concentration
(3.) acid rain
(4.) CFC's
1. Methods used to reduce sulfur dioxide from
smokestacks are an attempt by humans to
(1) lessen the amount of insecticides in the environment
(2) eliminate diversity in wildlife
(3) lessen the environmental impact of acid rain
(4) use nonchemical controls on pest species
2. What are some of the causes of acid rain?
Factories
Release of sulfur and nitrogen in to atmosphere
3. List some of the negative effects of acid rain.
Destroy producers
Lake acidification
Destroy aquatic life
1. Deforestation will most directly result in an
immediate increase in
(1) atmospheric carbon dioxide
(2) atmospheric ozone
(3) wildlife populations
(4) renewable resources
Bacteria of decay are important
components of an ecosystem
because they
(1) recycle organic matter
(2) are involved in photosynthesis
(3) absorb solar energy
(4) slow the spread of disease
1. Identify a carnivore from the food web.
wolves, worms
2. Describe the complete path of energy from
the Sun to that carnivore.
sun  grass  deer  wolves
sun  grass  rabbits  wolves
1. Identify a carnivore from the food web.
wolves, worms
2. Describe the complete path of energy from
the Sun to that carnivore
sun  grass  deer  wolves
sun  grass  rabbits  wolves
pond algae rotifers worms
3. Why are decomposers are necessary in this
food web?
Decomposers break down all dead
organisms and return some nutrients back
to the soil to be used again by plants.
4. Significant decrease in the wolf population occurs.
After a period of one year, what change in the grass
population would most likely be observed?
A decrease in the wolf population would cause an
increase in the rabbit and deer population. This
would cause the grass population to decrease.