26AER200apr27 met& NA+

MET and

NAV review

FINAL EXAM for sure study areas

PGF vs coriolis

Virga, subsidence, isotach, isotherm, isobar, VDF

Surface analysis vs prognostic chart

Temperature effect on altimeter

Stability - rising air and/or air masses

Frontal weather, GFA validity, wind limits

Light & variable, freezing level

Vacuum driven heading indicator for navigation

Rhumb line, great circle, small circle, agonic line, deviation vs. variation

Compass errors – northerly turning, ANDS, quadrantal

FINAL EXAM for sure study areas

Control zones, VFR minima, airspace classification, low level airspace, cruising altitudes, special VFR, transponder airspace

CDI, VOT check, VOR accuracy limits, ADF errors

VOR and ADF orientation and use, ADF tuning

One VFR cross country – planning log, flight plan,

Vnc chart completion, drift lines

Time zone adjustments, CFS use for planning, VHF frequencies, reserves, safety heights

ETA’s, Heading corrections, wind determination, revised ETA

Enroute GFA, TAF and METAR interpretation, PIREP interpretation, AIRMET interpretation

One in Sixty Rule

1 : 60 is the same as 1 degree

ANABATIC WIND

CLOUD CLASSIFICATION

TEMPERATURE

The atmosphere is heated from below.

Temperature increase decreases density.

Advection: horizontal movement of air. Cold air becomes warmed by the ground as it moves over it

Convection: sun heats ground, ground heats the air, warmer and less dense pockets rise

Turbulence: vertical movement of air due to winds and convection

Compression: air sinks, compresses and heats

(Chinooks, high pressure areas)

Advection: horizontal movement of air.

Cold air can be warmed by the ground as it moves over it

Air Masses of North America

Continental Arctic: Ca not in summer; low water content; warmed from below enroute, strong winds produce turbulence; heap clouds and snow showers; rarely in B.C. except as a cold-air invasion

(Continental Polar: Cp)

Maritime Arctic: Ma starts as Ca that spends some time over the northern Pacific ocean; moist and unstable at high altitudes; stratocumulus and cumulus; pe/sn/-shra; in summer: northern lakes affect the air mass

Maritime Polar: Mp more time spent over Pacific ocean; warmer in lower levels; more stable than Ma; orographic lifting makes rain west of mountains (Rockies) and dry air east of mountains;

Summer: Tsra/Cb

Maritime Tropical: Mt very warm and moist; Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean & south of 30

°N; Winter: rarely at the surface N of Great lakes, but present at high altitudes; unstable when subject to Frontal lift; gives sn/ra/zr/icing and turbulence; FOG (east coast); Summer: shra/tsra

Cumulus Stage:

Cloud driven upward by the latent heat as water vapour condenses

Strong updrafts prevail throughout .

Temperatures in cell are higher than outside temperature at the same level.

No precipitation while water and ice are suspended.

Mature Stage:

Heights may reach 60,000 feet

Updrafts up to 6,000 ft/min

As the water droplets grow large enough to fall, they drag air down with them.

Downdraft starts in the middle region of the cloud.

15-20 minutes in duration; lightning, microburst, hail, wind shear.

Appearance of precipitation on the ground .

Dissipation stage: downdraft spreads throughout the cell (except top) gradual cessation of rainfall and the passing rain cools the lower regions

Anvil shape

WEATHER TERMINOLOGY

SKY CONDITION

Clear:

Few:

0/8

1/8 to 2/8

Scattered: 3/8 to 4/8

Broken: 5/8 to 7/8

Overcast: 8/8

IFR: less than 1000 ft

MVFR: 1000-3000 ft

&/or

3 miles

&/or

3-5 miles

VFR: greater than 3000 ft

& better than 5

ACTUAL LAPSE RATE

METAR CYKZ 251100Z 01009KT 7SM BKN040 BKN240 M08/M13

A2977 RMK SC4CI2 SLP095

FCST BASED ON 251200 DATA VALID 251800 FOR USE 17-21

3000 6000 9000 12000

YYZ 0410 0506-13

6000 -13

650 -08

Lapse may be roughly 1 o /1,000 ft

9900-13 1909-17

4000 cloud base -13

650

Lapse roughly 1.5

o

-08

/1,000 ft

Note that the lowest layer of cloud is SC (cumulus) and likely formed from convection.

Consider that any rising pockets had a dew point of -13 and therefore reached dew point and formed cloud at 4,000, before they got to the 6,000 foot altitude where temperature is actually measured

GFA

Issued at 2330Z, 0530Z, 1130Z and 1730Z

Covers 12 hours with a 12 hour IFR outlook

Country covered with 7 GFA areas

Heights are feet above sea level

Section 3 of MET in AIP

Minimum of 5k to have speed be indicated

CU, TCU, CB and ACC will be indicated

Winds less than 20 k usually not shown

Amended GFA shows CCA, etc. in title box

5-8 Geostrophic Wind

5-11 Surface Friction

FOG

FOG

Fog is cloud (usually stratus) that is in contact with the ground.

forms in relatively stable air where the temperature to dew point spread is small, wind may be present requires condensation nuclei

Usually needs a cooling process

Types of Fog:

Radiation

Upslope

Frontal

Advection

Steam

Ice

Radiation Fog: clear night, light wind, high humidity, often a high pressure area.

Advection Fog: warm moist air moving over colder land, horizontal movement, warm fronts/oceans, sometimes strong winds (+25kts)

Upslope Fog

Ice Fog: Byproduct of fuel burn in engine is water (as vapour)… added to cold crisp air.

(sublimation: vapour to ice)

Frontal Fog: vapour addition raises the dew point of the air mass under a warm front

Steam fog: cold air moving over a warm surface

FLIGHT

PLAN see RAC section in

AIM

CANADIAN FLIGHT PLAN AND FLIGHT ITINERARY

PLAN DE VOL ET ITINÉRAIRE DE VOL CANADIEN

PRIORITY / PRIORITÉ ADDRESSEE(S) / DESTINATAIRE(S)

 

FF



ICAO FLIGHT PLAN

PLAN DE VOL OACI

 

FILING TIME / HEURE DE DÉPÔT



ORIGINATOR / EXPÉDITEUR

 

SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF ADDRESSEE(S) AND/OR ORIGINATOR / IDENTIFICATION PRÉCISE DU(DES) DESTINATAIRE(S) ET/OU DE L’EXPÉDITEUR

3 MESSAGE TYPE

TYPE DE MESSAGE

 

(FPL

9 NUMBER / NOMBRE



7 AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION /

IDENTIFICATION DE L’AÉRONEF



TYPE OF AIRCRAFT / TYPE D’AÉRONEF

/

8 FLIGHT RULES /

RÈGLES DE VOL



WAKE TURBULENCE CAT. /

CAT. DE TURBULENCE DE SILLAGE

TYPE OF FLIGHT /

TYPE DE VOL



10 EQUIPMENT / ÉQUIPEMENT





 

13 DEPARTURE AERODROME / AÉRODROME DE DÉPART



TIME / HEURE

 

15 CRUISING SPEED /

VITESSE DE CROISIÈRE ALTITUDE / LEVEL / NIVEAU ROUTE / ROUTE



 

16 DESTINATION AERODROME

AÉRODROME DE DESTINATION



TOTAL EET / DURÉE TOTALE ESTIMÉE

DAYS/JOURS HRS MINS

18 OTHER INFORMATION / RENSEIGNEMENTS DIVERS



19 ENDURANCE / AUTONOMIE

SAR

HRS MINS

ALTN AERODROME /

AÉRODROME DE DÉGAGEMENT

2ND ALTN AERODROME /

2e AÉRODROME DE DÉGAGEMENT

   

)

 

EMERGENCY RADIO / RADIO DE SECOURS



E /

HRS MINS PERSONS ON BOARD / PERSONNES À BORD



P /

UHF



R / U

VHF

V

ELT





A /

SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT / ÉQUIPEMENT DE SURVIE

POLAR DESERT MARITIME

POLAIRE DÉSERT MARITIME

S / P D M

JUNGLE

JUNGLE

J

JACKETS / GILETS DE SAUVETAGE

LIGHT FLUORES

LAMPES FLUORES

 J / L F

DINGHIES / CANOTS

NUMBER

NOMBRE

CAPACITY

CAPACITÉ

COVER

COUVERTURE

COLOUR

COULEUR

D /  

C



AIRCRAFT COLOUR AND MARKINGS / COULEUR ET MARQUES DE L’AÉRONEF

 

WHEELS

ROUES

E

UHF

U

ELT TYPE / TYPE D’ELT

VHF

V

SEAPLANE

HYDRAVION SKIS

AMPHIBIAN

AMPHIBIE



REMARKS / REMARQUES

N /

AN ARRIVAL REPORT WILL BE FILED WITH / UN COMPTE RENDU D’ARRIVÉE SERA NOTIFIÉ À :

 

NAME AND PHONE NUMBER OR ADDRESS OF PERSONS(S) OR COMPANY TO BE NOTIFIED IF SEARCH AND RESCUE ACTION INITIATED /

NOM ET NUMÉRO DE TÉLÉPHONE OU ADRESSE DE LA (DES) PERSONNE(S) OU COMPAGNIE À AVISER SI DES RECHERCHES SONT ENTREPRISES

PILOT-IN-COMMAND / PILOTE COMMANDANT DE BORD

C /

FILED BY / DÉPOSÉ PAR

PILOT’S LICENCE NO. / N° DE LICENCE DU PILOTE

)

 

SPACE RESERVED FOR ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS / ESPACE RÉSERVÉ À DES FINS SUPPLÉMENTAIRES

NC26-0516 (2001-05)




 

FF





 





 


3 MESSAGE TYPE

TYPE DE MESSAGE

 

(FPL

9 NUMBER / NOMBRE








8 FLIGHT RULES / TYPE OF FLIGHT /

RÈGLES DE VOL TYPE DE VOL





/

10



EQUIPMENT / ÉQUIPEMENT



  




TIME / HEURE

 

15 CRUISING SPEED /




 






DAYS/JOURS HRS MINS




SAR ALTN AERODROME / 2ND ALTN AERODROME /

HRS MINS AÉRODROME DE DÉGAGEMENT 2e AÉRODROME DE DÉGAGEMENT

   

)

 

ENDURANCE / AUTONOMIE EMERGENCY RADIO / RADIO DE SECOURS 19



E /




P /

UHF



R / U


POLAR

POLAIRE

DESERT

DÉSERT

MARITIME

MARITIME



S / P D M

VHF

V

ELT

JUNGLE

JUNGLE

J




LIGHT

LAMPES

J / L

FLUORES

FLUORES

F

E

UHF

U






NUMBER

NOMBRE

CAPACITY

CAPACITÉ

D /



COVER

COUVERTURE



C



COLOUR

COULEUR


A /

REMARKS / REMARQUES

N /


 

WHEELS

ROUES


 

VHF

V

SEAPLANE

HYDRAVION SKIS

AMPHIBIAN

AMPHIBIE




C /



)

 


NC26-0516 (2001-05)




 

FF





 





 


3 MESSAGE TYPE

TYPE DE MESSAGE

 

(FPL

9 NUMBER / NOMBRE








8 FLIGHT RULES / TYPE OF FLIGHT /

RÈGLES DE VOL TYPE DE VOL





/

10



EQUIPMENT / ÉQUIPEMENT



  




TIME / HEURE

 

15 CRUISING SPEED /




 






DAYS/JOURS HRS MINS




SAR ALTN AERODROME / 2ND ALTN AERODROME /

HRS MINS AÉRODROME DE DÉGAGEMENT 2e AÉRODROME DE DÉGAGEMENT

   

)

 

ENDURANCE / AUTONOMIE EMERGENCY RADIO / RADIO DE SECOURS

REMARKS / REMARQUES

N /


 

19



E /




P /

UHF



R / U


POLAR

POLAIRE

DESERT

DÉSERT

MARITIME

MARITIME



S / P D M

VHF

V

ELT

JUNGLE

JUNGLE

J




LIGHT

LAMPES

J / L

FLUORES

FLUORES

F

E

UHF

U




NUMBER

NOMBRE

CAPACITY

CAPACITÉ

D /



COVER

COUVERTURE



C



COLOUR

COULEUR


A /

 

WHEELS

ROUES


VHF

V

SEAPLANE

HYDRAVION SKIS

AMPHIBIAN

AMPHIBIE






C /



)

 


NC26-0516 (2001-05)

CYOO

GOLF ME 11 FEB

Hwy 7 67 71 NW 04/10 11w 9 :07 0.8

1.1

Hwy Barrie 45 91 91 311 045/8 316 11w 327 91 39 :26 1.9

Nota Bay

CNY3

45 91 91 291 045/5 294 10w 304 92 17 :11 0.8

85 SW 06/06 10w 6 :06 0.5

FLIGHT PLANNING

LOG

71 :50 5.1

:30 2.2

71 1:20 7.3

WAC

LOW LEVEL AIRWAYS

From 2,200’ AGL up to but not including 18,000’ ASL

IFR & VFR SUMMARY

KZ 2

Track = 189º

Ground Speed = 122 kt

Heading = 196º

TAS = 106 kt

Practice

Problem D

Wind Direction = 332º

Wind speed = 20 kt

106 kt

122 kt

106 kt

Xwind

& CRFI

PQ 1

Obstacles, Arcal,

ATF & Peripheral frequency

FDs – Interpolation

FCST BASED ON 251200 DATA VALID 251800 FOR USE 17-21

3000 6000 9000 12000 18000

YAM 0117 3613-19

YOW 0720 0814-13

YQG 3309 3109-14

YVV 0606 0305-15

YYB 1825 2034-16

YYZ 0410 0506-13

9900-21

1109-12

2707-16

9900-17

2055-17

9900-13

9900-26

1614-15

2313-20

2016-20

2073-20

1909-17

2408-35

1934-22

2232-28

2039-28

7013-28

1927-25

CYGK

GULP ME 22 MAR 01

CYGK

Start, t/o

CYOW

Contingency

Include if appropriate circuit

55

67 NE 13w :10 1.5

0.8

92 97 031 220/18 029 13w 042 114 76 :40 3.1

20% fuel 1.9

:06 0.5

FLIGHT PLANNING

LOG

76 :56 7.8

:30 2.2

76 1:26 10.0

VOR

VOR

EQUIPMENT

CHECKS

TRACKING AWAY FROM A STATION

TRACKING TO A STATION

ADF

LIMITATIONS

TWILIGHT EFFECT

• JUST BEFORE/AFTER SUNSET/SUNRISE - fly high

• GREATER AT GREAT DISTANCE – use less than 350 khz

TERRAIN or MOUNTAIN EFFECT

SHORELINE – signals crossing at less than 30 o

ELECTRICAL STORMS

BANK ERROR – ALL TURNS

• LOOP ANTENNAE ROTATES TO SENSE DIRECTION OF

INCOMING SIGNAL AND IS MOUNTED PARALLEL TO

NORMAL AXIS

SOME RULES

1.

WHEN INTERCEPTING A TRACK TO OR FROM A

STATION, BEARING INDICATOR ALWAYS AWAY

FROM 0 OR TOWARDS 180

2.

WHEN TURNING, IF HEADING INDICATOR INCREASES,

THEN ADF BEARING INDICATOR (VALUE) DECREASES

HI LESS, ADF MORE

3.

WHEN TRACKING, NEEDLE RIGHT? YES, THEN WIND IS

FROM THE RIGHT SO TURN RIGHT, ETC.

4.

MAGNETIC HEADING + RELATIVE BEARING = MAGNETIC

BEARING TO THE STATION

MH + RB = MB TO THE STATION

MH = MB – RB

RB = MB - MH

26AER200apr27 met& NA+

MET and

NAV review

FINAL EXAM for sure study areas

FINAL EXAM for sure study areas

One in Sixty Rule

ANABATIC WIND

CLOUD CLASSIFICATION

TEMPERATURE

Advection: horizontal movement of air.

Cold air can be warmed by the ground as it moves over it

Air Masses of North America

WEATHER TERMINOLOGY

ACTUAL LAPSE RATE

GFA

5-8 Geostrophic Wind

5-11 Surface Friction

FOG

Radiation Fog: clear night, light wind, high humidity, often a high pressure area.

Advection Fog: warm moist air moving over colder land, horizontal movement, warm fronts/oceans, sometimes strong winds (+25kts)

Upslope Fog

Steam fog: cold air moving over a warm surface

FLIGHT

PLAN see RAC section in

AIM

FLIGHT PLANNING

LOG

IFR & VFR SUMMARY

Practice

Problem D

Xwind

& CRFI

Obstacles, Arcal,

ATF & Peripheral frequency

FDs – Interpolation

FLIGHT PLANNING

LOG

VOR

EQUIPMENT

CHECKS

TRACKING AWAY FROM A STATION

TRACKING TO A STATION

ADF

SOME RULES

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