Name; __________________________
Ch. 13 & 14 Review Packet
Psychology
1.
____________________ is the consistent, enduring and unique characteristics of a person.
2.
What are the four purposes for personality theories?
3.
Freud focused on the influence of the ___________________ on our personality and behavior.
4.
5.
The unconscious is the part of our mind that contains material of which we are _____________, but that
strongly influences conscious ________________.
What are the three basic psychological structures according to Freud?
6.
The ______________ is our reservoir of instinctual and biological urges and operates on the
_______________ principle (What I WANT to do)
7.
The ___________________ learns and incorporates the ideals of society and operates on the
_____________ principle (What I SHOULD do)
8.
The _________________ is rational and thoughtful and operates on the ______________ principle (What I
CAN do)
9.
Which structure is responsible for appeasing the other two?
10. __________ _____________ are used by the ego to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause us
anxiety.
11.
Defense mechanisms ____________ reality, operates ________________, and may be ________________
for psychological well-being.
12. ________________ is going back to an earlier, less mature pattern of behavior.
13. _______________ occurs when you transfer an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a
less threatening object.
14. _______________ is refusing to accept the reality of anything upsetting.
15. _______________ is seeing your own faults in others.
16. _______________ occurs when you push anxiety-causing ideas into the unconscious.
17. _____________ _____________ is acting the opposite of how you really feel to keep your true feelings
hidden.
18. ________________ is using self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior or ideas.
19. ________________ occurs when you channel basic impulses into socially acceptable behavior.
20. _______________ occurs when you associate with people of a higher status in order to increase your own
status.
21. _______________ involves focusing on areas of success rather than areas of failure.
22. _______________ involves describing painful or emotional personal events in academic terms.
*PLEASE NOTE: ON THE TEST YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO READ A
SCENARIO AND IDENTIFY THE DEFENSE MECHANISM BEING USED.*
23. Freud identified ___________ stages of psychological development.
24. In each stage, we encounter a _________________.
25. Unresolved conflict can lead to carrying that stage’s _______________ into adulthood.
26. The first stage of development identified by Freud was the ________________ stage.
27. The ______________ stage develops when self-control becomes a vital issue to children.
28. During the _____________ stage, children develop a strong attachment to the opposite-sex parent and view
the same-sex parent as a rival.
29. What name did Freud give to a boy desiring his mother and fearing castration from his father?
30. What did Freud say that girls experience during the phallic stage?
31. In response to Freud, later psychologist said that females experience an _______________ complex and men
have ______________ envy.
32. During which stage do we retreat from conflict?
33. What is the final stage of development, according to Freud?
34. Although controversial, Freud was the first psychologist to emphasize the importance of _____________ and
_________________ in personality development.
35. Freud was also the first to propose a ______________ theory to understand and explain human behavior.
36. Freud was the first to demonstrate how personality ______________ in a person.
37. Which psychologist believed that we have a collective unconscious where we store human concepts shared by all
people across all cultures?
38. A/an ________________ are the structural components of the collective unconscious.
39. Alfred Adler felt that the driving force of our personality is a desire to overcome feelings of
_________________.
40. A/an __________ _______________ is a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to
overcome their source.
41. Who believed that children raised in a loving and secure atmosphere could avoid the psycho-sexual conflicts
proposed by Freud?
42. Behaviorism feels that ________________ forces, not ______________ forces influence and shape
behavior.
43. B.F. Skinner was concerned with _______________ and ________________ behavior, not
_________________ it.
44. Which theory states that personality is acquired not only through reinforcement but also through observational
learning?
45. Which psychologist is associated with social cognitive theory?
46. Which theory focuses on personal growth and free will?
47. __________________ is realizing one’s unique potential.
48. What five characteristics did Abraham Maslow find in “healthy” people who had achieved self-actualization?
49. Carl Rogers found that the greater the gap between the person and the “self”, the more _______________
and ______________a person becomes.
50. Your ______________ is the image of who you are and what you value.
51. ________________ ____ _____________ are the conditions a person must meet in order to regard yourself
positively.
52. _____________ ______________ is viewing yourself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received
from interacting with others.
53. What label do we give someone whose person and self coincide?
54. When your significant others value you for what you are in your entirety, what are they providing you with?
55. Which theory states that how we think impacts how we act (our personality)?
56. A _______________ is a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time.
57. List the Robust Five:
58. The goal of psychological testing is to find out a __________ deal about a person in a ____________ period of
time.
59. _______________ is the ability to yield the same result under a variety of circumstances.
60. If a test is ____________________, that means that it is administered and scored the same way every time
and that an average score has been established.
61. __________________ is the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
62. __________________ is the ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior and to adapt to new situations.
63. True or False: We have come up with an agreed upon method for testing intelligence?
64. Who is the father of intelligence testing?
65. What is the most commonly used intelligence test today?
66. Which has been proven to be more influential in intelligence, heredity or environment?
67. _____________ _______________ may lead to certain groups of people scoring lower on an intelligence test
not because they aren’t intelligent, but because the wording of the question may be unfamiliar to them.
68. Which type of test is used to discover how much a person has already learned?
69. The SAT is an example of a/an _______________ test, which is meant to predict how well you will be able to
learn a new skill.
70. A/an _____________ ________________ is used to determine a person’s preferences.
71. A personality test is used to assess an individual’s ______________ and identify _______________.
72. A/an ___________ test provides limited or forced-choice answers.
73. A/an ___________ test allows participants to respond freely.
74. List two examples of an objective test.
75. List two examples of a projective test.