WRITING
COMPLETE
SENTENCES
Q1 - Writing Learning Goals
 Using
our knowledge of parts of speech,
we will write complete and effective
sentences.
 Indent, punctuate, and capitalize
paragraphs properly.
 Use topic sentences.
Lesson Objectives
 By
the time the quiz, recognize fragments,
run-on sentences, and comma splices, so
you can avoid them when you write.
 QUIZ – You will need to name what a
sentence needs to be a sentence.
REVIEW
PARTS OF
SPEECH
NOUNS
PERSON
PLACE
THING
IDEA
4 http://youtu.be/Sy72OPgdVuA
PRONOUNS
• A WORD USED IN
PLACE OF A NOUN
• I, YOU,SHE, HE, IT
• WE, YOU, THEY
4
http://youtu.be/koZFca8AkT0
Words that describe action.
1- ACTION VERBS
 SHOWS ACTION
2- LINKING VERBS
4 LINKS SUBJECT TO NOUN OR AN
ADJECTIVE IN THE PREDICATE PART
OF THE SENTENCE
4 IS, ARE, WAS ,WERE,AM, BEEN
4 SMELL, LOOK, TASTE, REMAIN, FEEL,
APPEAR, SOUND, SEEM, BECOME,
GROW, STAND, TURN
4 http://youtu.be/7MfeH0ZXEVs
ADJECTIVES
• DESCRIBES A NOUN
OR PRONOUN
BEAUTIFUL sunset
ADVERBS
DESCRIBES
VERB,
ADJECTIVE,
ANOTHER
ADVERB
 http://youtu.be/lbgZfQ
NBFS0
SHINING BRIGHTLY
PREPOSITIONS
IN FRONT OF the cow
http://youtu.be/ITXrRHBA5
OM
RELATES A
NOUN OR
PRONOUN TO
ANOTHER
WORD IN THE
SENTENCE
WORD OR PHRASE USED TO
EXPRESS STRONG EMOTION
OR SURPRISE
YIKES!
http://youtu.be/GU
qrljf1Nis
CONJUNCTIONS
WATER
AND
ROCKS
 CONNECTS WORDS OR INDIVIDUAL
GROUPS OF WORDS
 AND, BUT, OR, NOR,FOR, SO, YET
 EITHER, OR, NEITHER, NOR,
 http://youtu.be/eZqI5b5wGA4
SENTENCE
A
sentence is a group of words that forms
a complete thought.
In other words, a sentence
must include:
1.
2.
3.
Subject
Predicate
Expresses a complete thought
Basic Parts of a Sentence
a
complete subject (which tells who or
what is doing something)
 a complete predicate (which tells what
the subject is doing).
Basic Parts of a Sentence - 502
 subject

- who or what is doing something
The subject is the part that is doing
something or about which something is
being said.
 Predicate


- what the subject is doing
The predicate
is the part that says something about the
subject.
 http://youtu.be/fdUXxdmhIsw
Subjects and Predicates

simple subject – consists of the subject
without the words that modify it.
 Every subject is built around one noun or
pronoun (or more) that, when stripped of
all the words that modify it, is known as the
simple subject. Consider the following
example:
A
piece of pepperoni pizza would satisfy his
hunger.

The subject is built around the noun
"piece," with the other words of the subject
-- "a" and "of pepperoni pizza" -- modifying
the noun. "Piece" is the simple subject.
Subjects and Predicates
 Complete
Subject – made up of the
simple subject plus its modifiers make the
complete subject.



Complete Subject:
The large, umbrella-shaped parachute
saved the life of the inexperienced pilot.
(The complete subject is the simple
subject—“parachute”—plus all its
modifiers.)
Subjects and Predicates
 Complete
Predicate – made up of the
simple predicate plus its modifiers.


The large, umbrella-shaped parachute
saved the life of the inexperienced pilot.
(The complete predicate is the simple
predicate—“saved”—plus all its modifiers.)
Subjects and Predicates

A simple predicate - the verb without the
words that modify it or complete the thought.
 The glacier melted.
 The glacier has been melting.
 The glacier melted, broke apart, and
slipped into the sea.
Subjects and Predicates

A compound subject - includes two or more
subjects that share the same predicate (or
predicates).
 The craters and plains of the moon have
had no human visitors for some time.
Subjects and Predicates

A compound predicate - includes two or
more predicates that share the same subject
(or subjects).
 The glacier began to slip down the
mountainside and eventually crushed
some of the village's outlying buildings.
Clauses and Phrases

A phrase - a group of related words that
does not contain a subject-predicate
(verb) relationship, such as "in the
morning" or "running down the street" or
"having grown used to this harassment."
Clauses and Phrases
A
clause - a group of related words
containing a subject and a predicate
(verb)
Clauses and Phrases
 An
Independent Clause - a group of
related words containing a subject and a
verb and form a complete thought.
 Dependent
Clauses a/k/a subordinate
clauses – clauses that do NOT form a
complete thought.
Fragments - 503

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSAc3QgIsU
 Incomplete
sentences are called
fragments.
 Fragments may be missing a subject, a
predicate, or a complete thought.
Fragments
Fragments are incomplete sentences. Usually,
fragments are pieces of sentences that have
become disconnected from the main clause.
 How to Fix Fragment - remove the period between
the fragment and the main clause.

Other kinds of punctuation may be needed for the
newly combined sentence.
https://youtu.be/0-JRCuwpasA
Schmoop
Info. provided by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab
Fragments
Purdue offers many majors in engineering. Such as
electrical, chemical, and industrial engineering.
Purdue offers many majors in engineering, such as
electrical, chemical, and industrial engineering.
Fragments
Coach Dietz exemplified this behavior by walking off
the field in the middle of a game. Leaving her
team at a time when we needed her.
Coach Dietz exemplified this behavior by walking off
the field in the middle of a game, leaving her
team at a time when we needed her.
Fragments
I need to find a new roommate. Because the one I
have now isn't working out too well.
I need to find a new roommate because the one I
have now isn't working out too well.
https://youtu.be/p-SAc3QgIsU - Standard Deviants
Fragments
The current city policy on housing is incomplete as it
stands. Which is why we believe the proposed
amendments should be passed.
Because the current city policy on housing is
incomplete as it stands, we believe the proposed
ammendments should be passed.
Fragments
You may have noticed that newspaper and
magazine journalists often use a dependent
clause as a separate sentence when it follows
clearly from the preceding main clause, as in
the last example above. This is a conventional
journalistic practice, often used for emphasis.
For academic writing and other more formal
writing situations, however, you should avoid
such journalistic fragment sentences.
Fragments
You may have noticed that newspaper and
magazine journalists often use a dependent
clause as a separate sentence when it follows
clearly from the preceding main clause, as in
the last example above. This is a conventional
journalistic practice, often used for emphasis.
For academic (school) writing and other more
formal writing situations, however, you should
avoid such journalistic fragment sentences.
Fragments
Some fragments are not clearly pieces of sentences
that have been left unattached to the main
clause; they are written as main clauses but lack a
subject or main verb.
http://depts.dyc.edu/learningcenter/owl/exercises/
fragments_ex1.htm
Run-On Sentences - 504
 Run-On
Sentences

A run-on sentence is a sentence with at
least two independent clauses (complete
thoughts) which are forced together
instead of being properly connected.

https://youtu.be/aFMhbxAv-Hk - Schmoop
Run-On Sentences - 504
 To
correct these sentences, you have
several options:
 1)
Separate clauses using punctuation
(NOT A COMMA).
 2)
 3)
Separate clauses using a conjunction.
Rearrange the sentence (you may add
or remove words).
Run-On Sentences - 504
 EXAMPLES
 Run-on
sentence: He put on some
sunscreen, the sun was so extremely hot,
and he wanted to go inside.



“He put on some sunscreen” 1st clause
“the sun was so extremely hot” 2nd
clause
“he wanted to go inside” 3rd clause
 Corrected
sentence: He put on some
sunscreen because the sun was extremely
hot. He wanted to go inside.
Run-On Sentences - 504
 In
other words, run-on sentences happen
when two or more sentences are put
together as one sentence.





Manta rays are similar to sharks they both
have skeletons made of cartilage.
http://youtu.be/P6ARqUdCkdg
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/gramm
ar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/run-ons_add1.htm
http://depts.dyc.edu/learningcenter/owl/e
xercises/run-ons_ex1.htm
http://www.writing.engr.psu.edu/exercises/i
ndex.html
Comma Splice
 http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/educa
tion/grammar/comma-splice?page=all
TYPES OF SENTENCES
 https://youtu.be/98OcAe5O0Ws
 Schmoop