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Industrial Revolution
EQ: What was the Industrial Revolution?
Industrial Revolution Vocabulary
• Flashcards
• http://quizlet.com/12064514/industrialrevolution-definitions-flash-cards/
• Quiz
• http://quizlet.com/12064514/industrialrevolution-definitions-flash-cards/
• Industrial Rev in England
• http://www.history.com/topics/industrialrevolution
• http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommater
ials/primarysourcesets/industrialrevolution/pdf/teacher_guide.pdf
Bourgeoisies
The middle class, typically with
reference to its perceived
materialistic values or conventional
attitudes.
Communism A way of organizing a society in
which the government owns the
things that are used to make and
transport products (such as land,
oil, factories, ships, etc.) and
there is no privately owned
property.
Proletariat
Workers or working-class people,
regarded collectively (often used
with reference to Marxism).
A class of wage earners,
especially those who earn their
living by manual labor or who are
dependent for support on daily or
casual employment; the working
class.
Tenements
A room or a set of rooms forming
a separate residence within a
house or block of apartments.
a house divided into and rented
out as separate residences, esp.
one that is run-down and
overcrowded.
noun: tenement house; plural
noun: tenement houses
2. A piece of land held by an
owner.
Communism As first set out by Karl Marx is
a system of government where
the traditional ruling classes
have been overthrown by
revolution and the workers
rule... with total equality, total
democracy, and no oppression
by the bourgeoisie.
Factory
System
A manufacturing method for a
standardized product or products in
which fixed capital, raw material,
and labor operations are centralized
and sophisticated machinery is
often used
Why did
Factories
Develop?
Machines became too large and
expensive for home use.
Workers and machines were brought
together in one place in factories,
working under managers.
Workers could share skills.
Factories provided a better
organized and less costly way to
produce large amounts of goods.
Domestic
System
A manufacturing system whereby
workers make products in their
own homes with materials
supplied by entrepreneurs.
A system of manufacturing based
upon work done at home on
materials supplied by merchant
employers —contrasted with
factory system.
Industrialism
A social or economic
system built on
manufacturing industries.
An economic organization of
society built largely on
mechanized industry rather than
agriculture, craftsmanship, or
commerce.
Labor
Union
An organization of workers
formed to protect the rights and
interests of its members
An organization of workers
formed for the purpose of
advancing its members'
interests in respect to wages,
benefits, and working
conditions
What is the Industrial Revolution?
EQ
How did Scientific and Technological
Changes bring about social, economic, and
cultural changes during the Industrial ?
When
The 18th and 19th centuries
It officially began in England
By the late 1800s, the Industrial
Revolution was in full swing in Germany, the
United States, Japan, and Russia
England was the world’s first industrialized
Where
country and the world’s first capitalist
economy
By 1850, the Industrial Revolution began
spreading to Western Europe and the United
States
What
It was an economic and social
revolution
Economic changes transformed the way
people worked… the societies in which
they lived
There were seismic changes in industry
and society. The changes were caused
by the introduction and large-scale use
of machinery to replace hand labor
New technology allowed for the rise of
the factory system
Why
Why do they call it a “Revolution”?
The Industrial Revolution is more
than just technology; it was a major
turning point in World History.
The Industrial Revolution had a
bigger impact than the American
and French Revolutions
The industrial Revolution was the
most far-reaching transformation of
society since the beginning of
farming 10,000 years ago
How
All that machinery in factories … how
was that machinery powered?
By new fuels:
Coal
Coal produced steam – Steam
Engine
By old fuel ”The Watermill”
At the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution, factories were run by
watermills.
That is, a factory was always
located next to a river. The machines
were run by waterpower)
Why in
England
Food - You must have a surplus of
food
The Agricultural Revolution,
1700s
Improved farming techniques like
crop rotation
Price of food was low, so people
could afford manufactured goods.
People didn’t have to farm, go to
work in cities.
England
had
Capital
You must have a great
accumulation of cash
The Commercial Revolution,
1700s
This was trade, The British
accumulated great wealth.
England
had
A Labor
Force
The labor force must be large
The Population Explosion
From 1750 to 1850, the British
population tripled
More food led to more
children; better sanitation led
to drop in death rate
Abundant labor supply to mine
coal and run factories.
Why In
England?
Britain’s population grew rapidly in the
1700’s
People had better food, better health,
and lived longer.
Changes in farming help to increase the
supply of industry workers.
Natural
Resources
You must have coal and iron mines
already in operation
Industrial Revolution was driven by coal
> steam
The first factories were built near the
coal mines
The first factories were textiles mills
The first factory workers were women
and children
Two important industries were coal
(to run machinery) and iron (to make
machinery)
Coal
Mining
Steel
and Iron
Coal mining became a major
industry.
Henry Cort discovered a way to use coal to
turn iron ore into pure iron. Iron
production grew.
Henry Bessemer made a less costly way
to turn iron into steel.
Steel was excellent to making
machinery. Soon mining towns and
steel centers grew.
Technology
You must have new technology,
such as the steam engine
The Scientific Revolution, 1600s
The Royal Society of London
encouraged scientific discoveries
During the 1700s, inventors and
innovators stepped forward to
invent solutions to practice
problems
In 1769, James Watt perfected the
steam engine
During the
Industrial
Revolution,
what
happened to
the
population of
Great Britain?
There were three major changes:
a. Population growth
b. Rural to urban migration
c. The growth of industrial cities
We are going to explore each
change.
POPULATION
Growth
The population triples
For centuries, England’s
population hovered between 2
and 6 million.
During the century from 1750 to
1850, the population tripled - to
21 million.
This was a result of the
Agricultural Revolution of the
1700s: More food!