Progressivism
• Reform movements that sought to
raise living standards and correct
wrongs in American society
Muckraker
• Writer who exposed corruption in
American society
Initiative
• Reform that allowed voters to propose
a law directly
Referendum
• In this reform, a proposed law was
submitted to the vote of the people
Recall
• This reform allowed people to vote an
official out of office
Conservation
• Controlling resource usage
Patronage
• Exchanging government jobs and
contracts for political support
Sherman Antitrust Act
• Law that made it illegal for
corporations to gain control of
industries by forming trusts
Theodore Roosevelt
• President who led progressive
reforms
The Rise of Progressivism
• 1. Problems that needed to be fixed: Poor factory
conditions, poverty, corruption in politics, slums,
and a depression
• 2. Reformers tried to change fix these problems.
This era was labeled progressivism.
• 3. Muckrakers began to expose corruption in
American society
• 4. Three main goals of reformers: change
government, help people, change the economy
Reforming Government and Expanding
Democracy
• 1. patronage was replaced by Pendleton
Civil Service Act in 1883. People had to
take a test for certain government jobs.
• 2. voters gained more control through direct
primaries
• 3. Initiative, Referendum, Recall
Promoting Social Welfare
• 1. Hull House provided social services
to the poor
• 2. Prohibitionists worked to prevent
alcohol abuse
Creating Economic Reform
• 1. Reformers wanted to take away
trusts from big companies
• 2. Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal
for corporations to become
monopolies
Roosevelt and the Square Deal
• 1. Roosevelt became vice president under
McKinley
• 2. McKinley was assassinated and Roosevelt
became president
• 3. Roosevelt saw governments job as an umpire
or to keep things fair for workers, consumers, and
big business
• 4. Roosevelt used the Sherman Antitrust Act
• 5. His first target was the railroad companies
• 6. He also went after oil and tobacco trusts
Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms
• 1. Voters began pressuring politicians for
change
• 2. Roosevelt wanted to regulate the meatpacing industry after reading Upton
Sinclair’s The Jungle
• 3. He signed the Meat Inspection Act and
the Pure Food and Drug Act
• 4. However, he did not take the political risk
of fighting for African American civil rights.
Conservation
• 1. Roosevelt wanted preserve and protect
natural resources
• 2. He doubled the number of national parks
• 3. He used the Antiquities Act to create
national monuments
• 4. William Howard Taft was not interested
in conservation but continued Roosevelt’s
progressive reforms
1) What did Theodore Roosevelt mean by
a “square deal”?
• A) He wanted each economic deal to have
four steps
• B) He believed the economy would prosper
if he cut taxes
• C) He wanted to ensure fairness for
workers, consumers, and big business
• D) He believed that the country could have
economic equality only when all trusts were
destroyed
2) Who were the muckrakers?
• A) a group of meat-packers in an
unsanitary Chicago meat-packing house
• B) a group of writers who revealed
corruption and inspired reform
• C) a group of suffragists who marched in
front of the Capitol
• D) a group of prohibitionists who smashed
saloons with hatchets
3) The three basic goals of progressivism
were…
• A) promoting social welfare, expanding
democracy, and pursuing a strong foreign policy
• B) expanding democracy, creating economic
reform, and advancing civil rights for African
Americans
• C) pursuing a strong foreign policy, conserving
natural resources, and expanding democracy
• D) promoting social welfare, expanding
democracy, and creating economic reform
4) The Sherman Antitrust Act made it
illegal for corporations to
• A) gain control of industries
• B) cut prices
• C) make large profits
• D) raise prices
5) A progressive law to promote
democracy was the
• A) Pendleton Civil Service Act
• B) Pure Food and Drug Act
• C) Sherman Antitrust Act
• D) Meat Inspection Act
William Howard Taft
• Republican elected president in 1908
Sixteenth Amendment
• Amendment that gave Congress
the power to create income taxes
Seventeenth Amendment
• Amendment that provided for
direct election of U.S. senators
Clayton Antitrust Act
• Legislation that strengthened the
Sherman Antitrust Act’s power
Federal Reserve Act
• Law that created the modern banking
system
Eighteenth Amendment
• Amendment enacting Prohibition
Taft and Progressivism
• 1. Taft was Roosevelt's handpicked
successor. Neither Debs nor Bryan stood a
chance
• 2. Taft continued Roosevelt’s attack on
trusts
• 3. He pursued almost twice as many
antitrust suits as Roosevelt
Two Progressive Amendments
• 1. The Sixteenth Amendment pass in
1909 and gave Congress the power to
create income taxes.
• 2. The Seventeenth Amendment was
ratified in 1913 and allowed voters to
elect senators rather than by state
legislatures
The Election of 1912
• 1. Taft was the Republican Part’s nominee
• 2. Roosevelt wanted to run again so he
created the Progressive Party
• 3. The Democrats chose governor of New
Jersey Woodrow Wilson. Wilson won the
election because the Republicans were
deeply divided.
The Wilson Presidency
• 1. Wilson wanted the government to use its powers to
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break up monopolies
2. Wilson urged Congress to pass the Clayton Antitrust
Act to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act
3. 1913 the Federal Reserve Act was passed. This
created the modern banking system we have now
4. The Federal Reserve Act created a more flexible
currency system
5. Fed board  12 Fed Banks  member banks.
6. Throughout the Progressive Era, Roosevelt, Taft, and
Wilson did not promote civil rights for African Americans.
The Eighteenth Amendment
• 1. Supporters thought an alcohol ban would
reduce poverty
• 2. 1919, the states ratified the Eighteenth
Amendment prohibiting the manufacture
and sale of alcoholic beverages.
Bell Work
• 1) How did Wilson win the presidency in
1912
• 2) Explain how the 16th amendment will
affect your life outside of this class.
• 3) Compare and contrast Taft and
Roosevelt
1) What established the income tax?
• A) Sherman Antitrust Act
• B) The 17th Amendment
• C) The 16th Amendment
• D) The Clayton Antitrust Act
2) Which was NOT supported by
presidents Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson?
• A) Civil Rights
• B) Trust-Busting
• C) Conservation
• D) Woman Suffrage
3) What did the Federal Reserve Act do?
• A) It prevented companies from purchasing
competitors stock.
• B) It gave the federal government more
power to control the money supply.
• C) It outlawed practices that blocked fair
economic competition,
• D) It gave President Wilson the authority to
break up trusts.
4) The Seventeenth Amendment was an
important progressive achievement
because it
• A) gave state legislatures the right to
choose U.S. senators
• B) gave Congress the right to create
federal income taxes
• C) allowed Taft to continue Roosevelt's
attacks on trusts
• D) gave voters the right to directly elect
U.S. senators
5) The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was
important to laborers because it
• A) created a flexible currency system
• B) prohibited businesses from buying
competitor's stock
• C) legalized strikes
• D) reformed the nation's financial
system
Prohibition
• Legal ban on the production,
possession, and sale of alcohol
Susan B. Anthony
• Fought for woman suffrage
Carrie Chapman Catt
• President of National American
Woman Suffrage Association
Nineteenth Amendment
• Constitutional amendment that gave
women the vote
New Roles for Women
• 1. Growth of industry changed home life by
providing running water and electric power
• 2. Factories also produced products that women
once made in the home like soap and clothing.
This freed up time.
• 3. Women had time to go to school and take
economics or domestic science
• 4. Some women took jobs in factories, offices,
and stores. Women also worked as telephone
operators, store clerks, and typists. Women that
went to college could be nurses or teachers.
Women Progressives
• 1. Women also helped in settlement
houses and worked on social reform
movements like prohibition.
• 2. Jane Addams was a good example of a
progressive female leader.
• 3. Addams and her friend Ellen Starr
opened the Hull House with 90 volunteers
in an immigrant neighborhood.
Cont.
• 4. Some volunteered at the Hull House to gain
experience so that they could become leaders of
other movements
• 5. Florence Kelley worked at Hull House and later
became secretary of National Consumers
League. This group fought for better working
conditions in factories.
• 6. Carry Nation was another progressive leader
campaigning for prohibition.
Suffrage for Women
• 1. Many women progressives fought for
woman suffrage
• 2. Two woman suffrage groups merged to
form National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
• 3. At first they focused on winning the right
to vote state by state
The Nineteenth Amendment
• 1. By 1919, the Western half of the U.S.
gave women the right to vote.
• 2. World War I made the final difference
because women were selling war bonds
and organizing benefits.
• 3. in 1918 the House passed the
Nineteenth Amendment, 1919 the Senate
approved it, and 1920 the states ratified it.