Unit 8 Review
Define Expansion
Change
Migration
Goernment
Population
Culture
Customs
Traditions
Important Date
1803 – Louisiana Purchase (and establishment of judicial review from Marbury v. Madison)
Events
Explain
Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States
Including, but not limited to



Orderly procedure for establishing territories and applying for statehood
As a territory grew in population, it gained rights to self government
To become a state, the following requirements had to be met:
o At least 5,000 men who owned at least 50 acres
o 60,000 people
o Established self-government
Reasons for Manifest Destiny - The U.S. government and its citizens believed that the nation’s destiny or fate was to expand
westward from sea to sea





Economic
o New land for farmers; new trade routes and markets( Santa Fe Trail) ; new opportunities to start a business
Political
o Expansion of our nation’s borders/ territory; expansion of slavery
Social
o Remove Native Americans; refuge for persecuted groups (Mormons)
Annexation of Texas
Viewed as a “War of Aggression” by many Americans.
o Causes
 President Polk’s desire to expand the United States (Manifest Destiny)
 Border Dispute concerning the southern boundary of Texas (Rio Grande was claimed by Texas and disputed by Mexico)
o Effects & Impact
 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ends the war, grants the United States the Mexican territory of New Mexico, Arizona,
and California
 United States paid Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase to help repay Mexico for the annexation of Texas in 1845.
AREAS THAT WERE ACQUIRED TO FORM THE UNITED STATES
Map Skills






Louisiana Territory
Texas
Mexican Cession (New Mexico, Arizona, California)
Gadsden Purchase
Oregon Territory
Alaska Purchase (Seward’s Folly)
PLACES AND REGIONS OF IMPORTANCE IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE 17th, 18th, and 19th CENTURIES
Including, but not limited to:

Sectionalism
o Regions – North, South, Midwest, West, Slave States, and Free States
o States – Texas, California, Kansas, Nebraska
o Cities – Washington, D.C.

Gold in California – rush of settlers to California; pushed many American Indians off their lands; population of California quickly rises to
the amount required for statehood
California’s proximity to Pacific Ocean led to an increase of immigration from Asian nations.
Rocky Mountains’ location between eastern and western parts of the United States; resulted in need for Gadsden Purchase to put in railroad
for train transport of goods from East to West


Analyze culture
CONTRIBUTIONS OF PEOPLE OF VARIOUS RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS GROUPS TO OUR NATIONAL IDENTITY
Including, but not limited to:
Immigrants from Europe (ethnic)



Growth of new and older cities
New customs and traditions (e.g., German – Christmas tree, gymnasium, Kindergarten)
Art – "American Progress," by John Gast, 1872