Westward Expansion/Manifest
Destiny
Goal 2 Part 3
Here is the process a territory
would take to become a state.
1st: Territory’s population would reach
60,000
2nd: Petition the government (Union) for
admission as a state
3rd: Draft a state constitution
4th: Elect representatives
5th: Congress approved the state to
become part of the United States
Key Ideas for Manifest Destiny
1. Why did people move and settle out
west?
2. Missouri Compromise
3. Indian Removal & Treaties
4. Manifest Destiny
5. Texas Independence
6. War with Mexico
7. California Gold Rush
Why did Mormons move west?
The
Mormons
moved west
to escape
religious
persecution
Why did Mexico invite U.S. settlers to
live there?
Mexico needed
to improve its
economy so it
offered land
grants to
American
farmers
What led to the tensions in Texas in
the 1830s?
•Cultural differences between the
Mexicans and U.S. settlers,
especially over the issue of slavery
•Slavery had been abolished in
Mexico is 1824
•The Texans refused to become
Catholic
How did Texas finally receive its
independence?
•Sam Houston led Santa Anna into a trap.
•Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty
recognizing Texan independence
•The government of Mexico City refused to
honor the treaty.
•For a decade a border war persisted
between Texas and Mexico.
Why did the annexation of Texas lead
to a heated debate?
•The delay occurred due to the debate over
slavery.
•Texas had slaves.
•The North feared the balance of power
between slave states and free states would
be unequal again.
•There was also a fear that there would be a
war with Mexico if Texas was annexed (or
added) to the United States.
Describe Pres. James K. Polk
•Polk wanted to bring
Texas, New Mexico, and
California into the Union.
•Threatened to fight Britain
if it did not concede Oregon
•Manifest Destiny President
What caused the war with
Mexico?
• Congress voted to
annex Texas in 1845
What were the territorial gains for the U.S. as
a result of the War with Mexico?
•The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
gave the United States paid $15
million for California, Nevada, New
Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, parts
of Colorado and Wyoming.
•Then $10 million was paid for
territory south of the Gila River
(Gadsen Purchase).
How did the California gold rush bring
diversity to the west?
•Chinese were the largest group to come from
overseas.
•Free blacks came looking for opportunities.
•Mexicans were the fastest-growing
population.
•Slaves were part of the population until
slavery was outlawed in California in 1849.
Explain why Missouri’s request for
admission to the Union created
conflict in 1819.
•
•
•
•
The number of slave states and free
states was not equal.
Southerners were afraid they would
have less power in Congress.
Southerners were threatened that
Northerners were trying to end slavery.
Northerners thought the South was
trying to expand slavery into the new
territories.
• Henry Clay (“The Great
Compromiser”) came up with the
Missouri Compromise.
• It maintained a balance between the
free states and slave states.
• In addition, a line was created- states
admitted South of the line would be
slave states and states North of the
line would be free
states.(36%30`N.Lat.)
What did the Supreme Court rule in
Worcester v. Georgia?
•Cherokee land seizure was
unconstitutional.
•Treaty obligations protected
the Cherokee.
Jackson
refused to
enforce the
Supreme
Court’s
decision.
Trail of Tears
It was an
800 mile trip
made by
steamboat,
railroad,
and on foot
•Many people died in the winter.
•The Cherokee were stripped of their possessions
•¼ of the tribe died.
Why did people move and
settle out west?
1. Escape religious persecution (like the
Mormons)
2.Find new markets for commerce
3.Claim land for farming, ranching, and
mining
4.Seek new employment opportunities
5.Escape debt and financial problems
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri Compromise was a line
created dividing the nation - new
states admitted South of the line
would be slave states; new states
North of the line would be free
states.
• It maintained a balance of power
in Congress between the free states
and slave states.
Indian Removal & Treaties
•Native Americans were removed from the
east to Indian Territory with the passage of
the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
•The removal of the Cherokee was known
as the Trail of Tears.
•Even though the Supreme Court ruled that
the Cherokees had the right to stay on their
land (Worcester v. Georgia), Andrew
Jackson removed them.
Manifest Destiny
•Americans came to believe that it
was their destiny, ordained by God,
to expand its territory to the Pacific
Ocean and into Mexico.
•This was called “Manifest
Destiny.”
•President James K. Polk wanted to
obtain territory in Mexico.
Texas Independence
•
•
•
•
•
Mexico invited American farmers to settle in
its northern territory to help its economy.
Mexico and American settlers clashed over
cultural differences, especially regarding
slavery.
After fighting between Austin and Houston
against Santa Anna (Mexico’s dictator), Texas
declared its independence.
Texas was eventually annexed to the United
States, following conflicts within Congress
over its status as a slave state.
Texas annexation to the Union led to the War
with Mexico.
War with Mexico
Following the War with Mexico,
the United States gained a
great deal of territory through
the signing of the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848.
California Gold Rush
• When gold was discovered in
California in 1849, thousands of
people moved west.
• Gold prospectors were known as
“forty-niners”.
• The population exploded and
California became culturally
diverse.
Monroe Doctrine
•
The Monroe Doctrine warned all
outside powers not to interfere with
the affairs in the Western
Hemisphere; at the same time, the
United States would not involve
itself in European affairs.
Tariff of 1816-1832
•
•
•
•
•
John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s Vice President from
South Carolina) called the tariff a “Tariff of
Abominations”.
According to Calhoun, the tariff forced the South
to buy the more expensive Northern manufactured
goods.
He felt the North was getting rich at the expense of
the South.
South Carolina tried to nullify the tariff.
Henry Clay stepped in a negotiated a compromise,
lowering the tariff over a 10 year period. The Tariff
of 1833 was the compromise tariff.
Sectional Attitudes
about War with Mexico
•
•
•
South
Saw it as an opportunity to extend
slavery and increase Southern power
in Congress
North
Opposed the war and saw it as a plot
to expand slavery
Believed this would create Southern
dominance
Wilmot Proviso Debate
•
•
•
•
The Proviso would ban slavery in all
territories acquired in the War with
Mexico.
The North supported the proviso
because it banned slavery in new
territories.
The South opposed the proviso.
The proviso never passed, but caused
more sectional tension between the
North and the South.
Compromise of 1850
Created by Henry Clay to solve the controversy
between free states and slave states
The terms of the Compromise of 1850:
1. North got California admitted to the Union
as a free state.
2. South got a strict fugitive slave law (North
resented this).
3. Popular sovereignty (allowing residents of the
new territories to vote for or against slavery)
would determine the status of states in the
future.