CHAPTER 4
Probation and Community Corrections
ANSWER KEY
Multiple Choice Questions
1) d—all of the above
2) b—probation officer
3) b—70 and 90 percent of the time
4) c—what is the defendant’s prior record?
5) d—a & b
a: needs principle
b: responsivity principle
6) d—all statements are true
7) b—the PSI document has gone from a short concise document to a longer, more detailed filled
document to assure that the judge has all information needed
8) c—the staff are fresh out of college and is enthusiastic and full of hope
9) a—that the programs are either accountable to everyone or accountable to no one
10) b –it has no theoretical underpinnings
11) c—John Augustus
12) b—white male
13) a—left little room for judge’s discretion as guidelines were rigid
14) c— is the process of removing individuals from the formal system of prosecution and adjudication,
and placing them in a less-formal treatment setting
15) a—self-defense or self-esteem building programs
16) b—the largest increase was seen in California, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, and Minnesota
17) d—all are outcomes for probation
18) d—a & c
a: curfews
c: unscheduled drug testing and community service
19) b—evidence that would not normally find its way into a criminal case, including hearsay evidence is
often used in revocation hearings
20) d—it is important to suspend proceedings before society labels the offender as a delinquent or
criminal, so the negative effects of the label can be prevented
21) a—retribution
22) b—to secure benefits for the community and for the offender as well
23) b—they are sworn peace officers with full arrest powers
24) d—all of the above
25) d—a & c
a: allowed the courts to suspend the imposition of sentences for prisoners destined for a British
colony
c: to encourage good behavior
26) a—New York is the only jurisdiction that places control of probation with the local executive and
state executive
27) d—there are costs to the community who offer supervision
28) b—Maximum supervision is for offenders who pose significant public safety threat and have a history
of serious crime
29) c—it refers to the amount of time needed to complete various tasks associated with supervising one’s
clients
30) a—that the intensive programs had less rules which may explain the higher rate of reoffending
True/False Statements
1) T
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) F
7) T
8) T
9) F
10) T
11) F
12) T
13) T
14) F
15) F
16) F
17) T
18) T
19) F
20) F
Fill in the Blanks
1) judicial reprieve
2) presentence investigation
3) sursis
4) extrainstitutional punishment
5) asset forfeiture
6) house arrest
7) surveillance officers
8) program costs
9) community corrections
10) restitution
11) electronic monitoring
12) community service
13) intermediate sanctions
14) diversion programs
15) cost effective
16) incarceration
17) delinquent or criminal
18) The Salvation Army Probation Department
19) United States v. Birnbaum
20) revocation
Matching
1) D
2) H
3) A
4) B
5) G
6) I
7) E
8) J
9) C
10) F