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Effect of Combinability of Chitosan and
PVA (Poly Vinyl Acetate) to Improve Soil
Release Durability of Stiff Table Linen
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Authors
Mr. Nadir Ali Rind
Lecturer
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro
Mr. Zeeshan Khatri
Lecturer
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro
Dr. Muhammad Hanif Memon
Chief Associate
TEXCON: Textile Consulting Services, Karachi
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Today’s Presentation
Introduction
Research Objectives
Experimental Work
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Market potential
 Institutional Fabric
 Table Linen (includes table cloth and table
napkins)
 American and UK market
 ELREN (USA)
 HILDEN (UK)
 Demand
Stiff fabric
Soil release durability (Multiple washes)
PES/CO blend
Medium to heavy weight fabric (Damskas,
Crepe/Mommy)
 Adequate whiteness index more than or equal
to 65




© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Early work
• Early work indicated the use of PVA as stiffener
together with flourocarbon-based soil release
finish.
• PVA deteriorates soil release property after
multiple washing; hence the finishing was not
durable.
• This remain a problem in industry, PVA
withstand only upto 3 washes.
• The research work was needed to improve
durability of soil release of such fabrics.
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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This Research work
• This research was aimed to achieve stiffness and durable soil release
finish to table linen textile composed of CVC Polyester/ Cotton
blend using Chitosan.
• The present process consists of simple pad-dry-cure method which
was optimized. The prime focus of using Chitosan was to get stiff
textile with durable soil release characteristics.
• To improve stiffness and durability, Chitosan is used with PVA and
soil release agent (fluoro carbon based) at reduced quantities.
• The Soil release tests were conducted on treated samples and
compared to control. The commecially required stiffness with a
durable soil release finish has been achieved.
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Therefore, the main objectives of this
research work were:
To get stiff textile
characteristics.
To get durable soil release
characteristics.
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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 Material
• Crepe fabric (Mommy fabric)
 GSM = 194.8
 pH = 7
 Picks/inch = 68
 Ends/inch = 56
 degree of whiteness=74-76
• Chemicals
Chitosan
Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA)
Nuva SRB
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Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Chitosan
• Chitosan is an effective natural
antimicrobial agent derived from
Chitin, a major component in
crustacean shells.
• Chitosan applied to textiles has been
widely studied for effects such as: [1]
▫ Stiffener
▫ Shrink resistance
▫ Improved dye uptake and
▫ As auxiliary or anti-static agents,
etc.
• It is a cationic in nature
• It is readily soluble in dilute acids
between pH 4-5
© 2010
• Chitosan- 85% Deacetylated- Marine Chemicals,
India
• Physical appearance of
Chitosan is off-white and is
odorless.
• In textile industry, chitosan
is used in pretreatment and
finishing processes of textiles
[2-5]
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Soil release agent
• Fluro carbon based- Nuva SRB Clariant
• Soil-release finishing for textiles is to facilitate the
removal of soiling matter during laundering
• Physical appearance of Nuva-SRB is milky white
• Ionic character of Nuva-SRB is cationic
• PH of NUVA-SRB is 6
• Mechanism of soil
release based on;
 Adsorption of detergent
and absorption of water
 Mechanical work [6-9]
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA)
• APPRETAN-CTM Clariant
• Nature: Poly (vinyl acetate)-thermoplastic polymer obtained
by polymerization of vinyl acetate
• Appearance: It is white and non-ionic in nature.
• Solubility: In 10% solution the solubility of Appretan-CTM
is good and also PH of 10% solution is 5-5.5
• Stiffness: Polyvinyl acetate has a glass transition
temperature of 30 °C and provides a stiff hand to treated
fabrics [10-11]
• Softness: It softens at temperatures above 40-50 °C
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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 Methods
Pad →Dry →Cure
Pad: 70%
Dry: 120 Degree Celsius for 3
minutes
Wet Processing Lab
Cure: 150 Degree Celsius for 5
minutes
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering
MUET, Jamshoro
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Fabric Testing:
▫ AATCC Test Method 130-2000:
Soil release: Oily stain release method.
▫ Cantilever Method ASTM D-1388-96:
Fabric stiffness and drape qualities can be easily
quantified by this method.
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Effect of combinability of PVA and NUVA SRB on soil release
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4.5
Soil Release (Rating)
4
3.5
3
Untreated Sample
2.5
After 1st Wash
2
After 3 Washes
1.5
After 10 Washes
1
0.5
0
Untreated
Sample
© 2010
10
12
15
20
40
10 g/l PVA with different concentrations of Nuva SRB, g/l
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Effect of combinability of PVA and NUVA SRB on soil release
5
4.5
Soil Release (Rating)
4
3.5
3
Untreated Sample
2.5
After 1st Wash
2
After 3 Washes
After 10 Washes
1.5
1
0.5
0
Untreated
Sample
10
12
15
20
40
12 g/l PVA with different concentrations of Nuva SRB, g/l
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Effect of combinability of PVA and NUVA SRB on soil release
5
4.5
Soil Release (Rating)
4
3.5
3
Untreated Sample
2.5
After 1st Wash
2
After 3 Washes
1.5
After 10 Washes
1
0.5
0
Untreated
Sample
10
12
15
20
40
15 g/l PVA with different concentrations of Nuva SRB, g/l
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Effect of combinability of PVA and NUVA SRB on soil release
5
4.5
Soil Release (Rating)
4
3.5
3
Untreated Sample
2.5
After 1st Wash
2
After 3 Washes
1.5
1
After 10 Washes
0.5
0
Untreated
Sample
10
12
15
20
40
20 g/l PVA with different concentrations of Nuva SRB, g/l
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Effect of combinability of PVA, Chitosan and NUVA SRB on soil release
5
4.5
4
Soil Release (Rating)
3.5
3
Untreated Sample
2.5
2
After 1st Wash
1.5
After 3 Washes
1
After 10 Washes
0.5
0
Untreated 10 g/l PVA 10 g/l PVA 10 g/l PVA 20 g/l PVA 20g/l PVA 20 g/l PVA
Sample
10 g/l
20 g/l
40 g/l
10 g/l
20 g/l
40 g/l
Nuva SRB Nuva SRB Nuva SRB Nuva SRB Nuva SRB Nuva SRB
4 g/l Chitosan with different concentrations of PVA and Nuva SRB
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Effect of combinability of PVA and NUVA SRB on Stiffness
1.2
Stiffness (mg/cm)
1
0.8
Stiffness of Untreated Sample
0.6
Stiffness of Treated Samples
with different Concentrations
of Nuva SRB and PVA
0.4
0.2
0
10 g/l
10 g/l
12 g/l
12 g/l
15 g/l
15 g/l
20 g/l
20 g/l
PVA 20 PVA 40 PVA 20 PVA 40 PVA 20 PVA 40 PVA 20 PVA 40
g/l Nuva g/l Nuva g/l Nuva g/l Nuva g/l Nuva g/l Nuva g/l Nuva g/l Nuva
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
Different PVA and Nuva SRB concentrations
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Effect of combinability of Chitosan, PVA and NUVA SRB on Stiffness
1.4
Stiffness (mg/cm)
1.2
1
Stiffness of Untreated Sample
0.8
0.6
Effect of combinability of PVA,
Chitosan and NUVA SRB on
Stiffness of Treated Samples
0.4
0.2
0
10 g/l PVA 10 g/l PVA 10 g/l PVA 20 g/l PVA 20 g/l PVA 20 g/l PVA
10 g/l Nuva 20 g/l Nuva 40 g/l Nuva 10 g/l Nuva 20 g/l Nuva 40 g/l Nuva
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
SRB
Different PVA and Nuva SRB concentrations with 4 g/l Chitosan
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Comparison between with and without Chitosan on fabric soil release
5
4.5
4
Soil Release (Rating)
3.5
3
Soil Release rating after 1st Wash
2.5
Soil Release rating after 3 Washes
2
1.5
Soil Release rating after 10 Washes
1
0.5
0
0 g/l Chitosan 20 g/l PVA 40 g/l Nuva
SRB
4 g/l Chitosan 10 g/l PVA 20 g/l Nuva
SRB
Different concentrations of PVA, Chitosan and Nuva SRB
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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Comparison between with and without Chitosan on fabric Stiffness
1.2
Stiffness (mg/cm)
1
0.8
Stiffness of Untreated
Sample
0.6
Effect of combunability of
PVA, Chitosan and Nuva
SRB on Stiffness
0.4
0.2
0
0 g/l Chitosan 20 g/l PVA 40 g/l
Nuva SRB
4 g/l Chitosan 10 g/l PVA 20 g/l
Nuva SRB
Different Concentrations of PVA, Chitosan and Nuva SRB
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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• The increased quantity of PVA adversely affects the soil release
durability up to 10 washes.
• The effect of combinability of Chitosan and PVA was studied to
improve soil release durability of Stiff table linen.
• The use of Chitosan combined with PVA and Nuva SRB showed a
great potential in terms of improvement in soil release durability
that was achieved up to 4/5 ratings.
• Advantageously, the quantities of both PVA and Nuva SRB were
reduced down to 50% in case of chitosan was used in combination.
The required stiffness was also achieved.
© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
1.
Jon M.Einarsson, Singurour Hauksson, Johannes Gislasoon and Primex ehf
Martin G.Peter, Kristberg Kristbergsson, University of Iceland and The Icelandic
fisheries laboratories, University of Potsdam, 2009
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Yoldaş SEKİ, Faculty of Arts & Sciences (Chemistry Dep), URL:
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www.teonline.com/knowledge-centre/chitin-chitosan.html retrieved on Oct 21,
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www.teonline.com/textile-chemicals, 2oo9
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E Kissa, ‘Soil Release Finishes’, in Handbook of Fiber Science and technology,
Vol. 2, ‘Chemical processing of fibers and fabrics, Part B Functional finishes’
(New York: Marcel Dekker, 1984) 211-289.
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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7.
E Kissa, Text. Research J., 43 (1973) 86.
8.
Cooke T F, ‘Soil release finishes for fibres and fabrics’, Textile Chemist
and Colorist, 1987, 19(1), 31–41.
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Pailthrope M and David S K, ‘Antistatic and soil release finishes’, in
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10. Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) (Vinyl Acetate Homopolymer) Report Europe / European Adhesives Industry - RAW MATERIAL
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© 2010
Young, M.E., M. Murray and P. Cordiner (1999). "Stone consolidants and
chemical treatments in Scotland". Rober Gordon University, Building
Research Establishment and Historic Scotland.
http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/schools/mcrg/miconsol.htm. Retrieved on
2009-07
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET
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© 2010
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran UET