Monday 10-21-13
Objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called
organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure
and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between
plant, animal and bacteria cells
Agenda:
1. Bell Ringer 11 (35R)
2. Continue with cell notes ( ch.7)- (36L)
3. Finish Cell/Microscope Station Rotation (32R-34R)
Reminders: Extra credit due tomorrow at the START of class; you will
have a cell organelle, prokaryote/eukaryote quiz TOMORROW ( so
hopefully you have been studying); vocabulary due tomorrow ( side
board or todays notes)- (36R-37L); Test this Thursday ( Cell Organelles,
Pro/Eu/ Homeostasis)
Chapter 7
Unit Vocab ( due 10/22)
Homeostasis, osmosis, diffusion,
facilitated diffusion, positive and
negative feedback loop, pinocytosis,
phagocytosis, endocytosis,
exocytosis, selectively permeable,
passive transport, active transport
CELL THEORY
1. All living things are ________________________.
MADE OF CELLS
2. Cells are the basic unit of
STRUCTURE &FUNCTION
____________
_____________ in an organism.
life
(cell = basic unit of _____________)
3. Cells come from the reproduction
of ____________
cells
existing
Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm
1970American Biologist
Lynn Margulis
_____________________
provides evidence for
the idea that
certain organelles
within cells were once
free-living cells themselves.
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
= _________________________
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis
Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory
1. Mitochondia and chloroplasts
have circular_______
DNAsimilar
to bacteria.
2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have
RIBOSOMES whose size and structure resemble bacterial
______________
ribosomes.
3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using
_________________
Binary fission like bacteria.
INNER MEMBRANES of mitochondria and chloroplasts
4. _______________________
have a composition similar to bacterial membranes.
http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/mitochondria_lifecycle_graduate.htm
All living things made of cells
BUT… organisms can be very
different.
Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF
UNICELLULAR
MULTICELLULAR
http://www.angelbabygifts.com/
http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
CELL SIZE
http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm
Typical cells range from:
5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter
How big is a micron ( µ ) ?
http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg
1 cm = 10,000 microns
1” = 25,000 microns
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t
just contain MANY CELLS.
They have different kinds of cells
doing different jobs
Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg
Cells in a multi-cellular organism
become SPECIALIZED by
turning different genes on and
off
Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION
SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLS
Muscle cells
Red blood cells
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg
Cheek cells
http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html
Specialized Plant cells
Guard cells
Xylem cells
Pollen
Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpg
Xylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpg
Pollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg
ATOMS
________
MOLECULES
__________
ORGANELLES
 ___________
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
CELLS
TISSUES
____________
 ____________

Similar cells
working together
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
ORGAN
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
___________  __________
Different tissues
working together
ORGANISM
___________
Different organs
working together
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Tuesday 10-22-13
Objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called
organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the
structure and explain the function of each cell organelle;
distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cells;
understand how cells maintain a state of homeostasis
Agenda:
1. Quiz: Pro/Eukaryotes; Cell Organelles
Due: Extra Credit, Unit Vocabulary
Reminder: Cell Analogy Project Due Friday; There will be a
test Thursday over: cell organelle structures/functions;
pro/eukaryotes; and homeostasis notes`( tomorrow). Last
day to retest is Thursday 10-24
Wednesday 10-23-13
Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms
in the maintenance of homeostasis.
Investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis and transport of molecules.
Agenda:
1. Homeostasis Notes (37R)
2. Homeostasis Demonstration/Mini Lab (38L)
3. Door Ticket ( 38R)-10 min- Positive and Negative
Feedback Loop Examples
Reminder: Cell Analogy Project Due Friday; There will be a
test Thursday over: cell organelle structures/functions;
pro/eukaryotes; and homeostasis notes;
Homeostasis
1. What does the term
feedback mean?
2. What does it mean
when a teacher or
coach gives you
feedback?
Homeostasis
• Homeostasis
– maintaining internal balance in the body
• organism must keep internal conditions stable even
if environment changes
• also called “dynamic equilibrium”
– example: body temperature
• humans:
– too cold = shiver
– too warm = sweat
• lizard:
– too cold = bask in sun
– too warm = hide in shade
Regulation
• How we maintain homeostasis
– nervous system
• nerve signals control body functions
– endocrine system
• hormones
• chemical signals control body functions
What mechanisms are there to cool the
body down?
1. Sweating
•
•
•
•
•
When your body is hot, sweat glands are
stimulated to release sweat.
The liquid sweat turns into a gas (it
evaporates)
To do this, it needs heat.
It gets that heat from your skin.
As your skin loses heat, it cools down.
What mechanisms are there to cool
the body down?
2. Vasodilation



Your blood carries most of the heat energy
around your body.
There are capillaries underneath your skin that
can be filled with blood if you get too hot.
This brings the blood closer to the surface of
the skin so more heat can be lost.

This is why you look red when you are hot!
What mechanisms are there to warm the body
up?
1.
Vasoconstriction

This is the opposite of vasodilation
The capillaries underneath your skin get
constricted (shut off).
This takes the blood away from the surface of
the skin so less heat can be lost.


What mechanisms are there to warm the body
up?
2.
Piloerection

This is when the hairs on your skin “stand
up” .
It is sometimes called “goose bumps” or
“chicken skin”!
The hairs trap a layer of air next to the skin
which is then warmed by the body heat
The air becomes an insulating layer.



Controlling water levels
• The control of water levels is carried out by
the KIDNEYS.
• It is closely linked to the excretion of urea.
• Urea is a waste product that is made when the
LIVER breaks down proteins that are not
needed by the body.
• Urea contains the element Nitrogen.
Controlling Glucose levels
• Your cells also need an exact level of glucose
in the blood.
• Excess glucose gets turned into glycogen in
the liver
• This is regulated by 2 hormones (chemicals)
from the pancreas called:
Insulin
Glucagon
2 types of feedback loops
1. Negative feedback system-correct the error
2. Positive feedback system-keeps pushing error
in same direction.
Negative Feedback
• Response to changed body condition
– if body is high or low from normal level
• signal tells body to make changes that will bring body
back to normal level
– once body is back
to normal level,
signal is
turned off
hormone 1
gland
high
specific body condition
lowers
body condition
Nervous System Control
Feedback
Controlling Body Temperature
nerve signals
brain
sweat
high
body temperature
low
constricts surface
blood vessels
brain
shiver
nerve signals
dilates surface
blood vessels
Endocrine System Control
Feedback
Regulation of Blood Sugar
insulin
liver stores
sugar
body
cells take
up sugar
from blood
pancreas
high
liver
blood sugar level
(90mg/100ml)
low
triggers
hunger
liver
releases
sugar
liver
pancreas
glucagon
reduces
appetite
Positive feedback loop
• Does not reverse the situation but increases
the change in the system.
Positive feedback system
• During labor the muscle contractions push the
baby through the birth canal becoming stronger
by secreting the hormone oxytocin.
• Oxytocin is produced continously until the baby is
delivered.
Thursday 10-24-13
Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of
homeostasis; understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with
specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each
cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cells; understand how
cells maintain a state of homeostasis .
Agenda
1. Exam Day
2. Add: Isotonic, Hypertonic, and Hypotonic to
page 37L
Reminders: Cell Analogy Project Due TOMRROW!
.
Friday 10-25-13
Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the
maintenance of homeostasis.
Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and
transport of molecules.
Agenda:
1. Bell Ringer 12 (40L)- 5 min
2. Notes (computer): Cellular Transport 25 min (39L)
3. Summary of Notes – 10min. ( Fryer)- (39R)
4. Closure: Explain how osmosis differs from diffusion. Explain what
they have in common? (5 min)- Journal page (39R) under fryer model
Due: Cell Analogy Projects!
Homework: Cut outs for cell membrane ( lipid bilayer) need to be
done for class on Monday