The Russian Revolution
Czar Nicholas II



A member of the
Romanov family who
had ruled Russia for
over 300 years
An authoritarian
leader who was
insensitive to the
needs of the Russian
people.
Wealthiest man in
the world at the time
Food Shortage


While a few lived in
great wealth and
luxury, most Russians
lived in dire poverty
In March 1917, a riot
over food shortages
triggered the expulsion
of Czar Nicholas II
(beginning of the
Russian Revolution)
July 1918
Nicholas, his wife, three daughters
& a son were executed by the new
government
 Because the bodies could not be
found, many falsely believed that
some of them may have survived,
particularly daughter Anastasia
who was thought to have escaped
to America.

Gaggletube “Downfall of the Romanov Dynasty”
The Romanov Family
After Czar Nicholas II and his
family were executed by Bolshevik
forces in July 1918, the killers hid
the victims’ mutilated bodies. The
remains were discovered and
exhumed in 1991and eventually
identified through DNA testing.
http://www.history.com/topics/russianrevolution/videos#finding-the-romanovs
http://www.history.com/topics/russian
-revolution
Vladimir Lenin
Russian
communist
revolutionary
who served as
the first Premier
of the Soviet
Union from 1922
until his death in
1924.
Karl Marx
Wrote the Communist
Manifesto, promoting a
government different
from capitalism (like
U.S.) and imperialism
(like Russia). Socialism
and Communism are
based on his ideas.
Russia’s name
was changed to
the U.S.S.R.
(the Soviet
Union) from
1921 – 1991.
Core Beliefs of Communism
Communism Explained Gaggletube video
 Property
is owned by the
“community”/government rather than
individuals
 No social classes
 Equal distribution of economic goods
 Emphasis on the needs of the state,
not on individual liberties
 People work according to their
abilities
Joseph Stalin
Fought for the
leadership of the
Soviet Union
following the
revolution
 Known as the
strong, silent-type
 Used violence to
get his way

Leon Trotsky


Competed
with Stalin for
leadership of
the USSR
A brilliant
debater and
writer
Kremlin

The Kremlin
palace
where the
Romanov’s
lived.
Kremlin
The seat of
the Soviet
government
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
East
West
North
1st
Qtr
3rd
Qtr
Pravda


This communist
newspaper was
controlled by the
government
It was used to
promote
Communist
propaganda
Minimus
Propaganda
(distracts with
inspirational
speeches, parades,
Parade in Moscow, 1923
& ceremonies.


Soviet Flag



Green=fields of
England
Hoof & horn=
future Republic of
the Animals

Red= blood loss
for freedom
Hammer=
workers
Sickle=Peasants
(farmers)
Star=Communism
Animal Farm Flag
Soviet Flag




Red=blood lost by workers fighting
for their freedom
Hammer=
workers
Sickle=
farmers
Star=life
Religion



Communism
discourages (even
outlaws) religion.
People should live
for the here and
now not for
heavenly rewards.
The government
should be the only
higher power.
Sugarcandy Mountain
Mollie
The rich selling their
possessions.
The rich
selling their
personal
property.
Old Benjamin
Cynic--a person
who believes that
people are
motivated purely
by self-interest
rather than acting
for honorable or
unselfish reasons.
Cats are known for being lazy and
sleeping most of the time but they’re so
cute!
Sheep

Sheep are
considered stupid
because of their
strong instinct to
flock and their
inability to act
independently of
each other.
Boxer—the uneducated working class
Boxer may be
hardworking and
friendly, but the pigs
could never have
come to power
without his
strength—and his
stupidity (uneducated
working class).
Muriel
 Muriel
is one of the best readers
on the farm.
 The educated middle class who
are not inspired to take action
against their
leaders/government.
Mr. Pinchfield=Winston Churchill
Mr. Frederick =Adolf Hitler
Mr. Whymper
Despite opposition to
Stalin, and
Communism in
general, capitalist
countries, like the U.S.
were willing to do
business with the
Soviet Union because
it was profitable!
A formerly rich peasant (small farmer)
begging for help.
The Purges
Who did Stalin purge?





Trotskyites-often accused of plotting to
kill Stalin
Communist Party members—one million
executed; 10 million sent to gulags
Party leaders—removed threats to his
power
Red Army—30,000 members executed;
half of all officers
NKVD (Communist law enforcement
agency)—conducted the purges & knew
too much
12 leaders of the
Revolution executed
during the Purges
Stalin “rewrote”
history. After Nicolai
Yezhow was arrested
in 1939 and
executed in 1940 he
vanished from this
picture as well.
The later version was
altered by censors,
removing all trace of
his presence.
During Lenin's
sickness (1922–23),
Stalin used this fake
photograph (it was a
composite of two
shots) as part of his
claim to be Lenin's
successor
Targets of secret operations
by the NKVD






Catholics & Jews
Clergy
Americans
Other foreigners living in the Soviet
Union
Nobles and former followers of the
Czar
Stalin’s personal enemies
American expatriates who moved to the Russian Socialist "utopia" 1932
Stalin, who trusted no one, even purged these enthusiastic dreamers
from America.
They were eventually sent off to Stalin's 'gulags' (prison
camps). None of them would ever make it back alive to America.
The trial of 15 Catholic priests.
Propaganda
accompanying
the Great Purge
Windmill
Propaganda: Stalin’s Five-Year Plan
Stalin’s Five-Year Plan
"Do you want our socialist fatherland
to be beaten and to lose its
independence? If you do not want
this, you must put an end to its
backwardness in the shortest possible
time and develop a genuine Bolshevik
tempo in building up its socialist
economy....We are fifty or a hundred
years behind the advanced
countries. We must make good this
distance in ten years. Either we do it
or we shall go under." -Stalin, 1931
Propaganda promoting the Five-Year Plan
Enemies to the Five-Year Plan: drunks, rich
peasants, capitalists & priests among others.
 Massive
steel
producing
factory

Widespread
starvation
Communist Countries, 2013
 China
 Cuba
 Vietnam
 North
 Laos
Korea
Some people
Communism
believe that
Pres. Obama
has communist
tendencies. For
example, his ideal
health plan would
be a program
owned and
operated by the
government—just
like in the USSR.
Today