The Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems
Blood is a fluid that circulates throughout the body.
It carries ___________________________________________________________________________ to body cells.
It carries _____________________________________________________________ taken up by respiratory system.
It ____________________________________________________________________ produced by cell metabolism
The human body contains approx _____________________________________ of blood.
Blood consists of:
A fluid component called _____________________________________________________________.
And formed elements:
 _______________________________________________________ cells
 _______________________________________________________ cells
 ___________________________________________________________
Plasma:
Makes up _________________________________________________________________________________
Is a yellowish liquid (________________________________________________________________) in which red blood
cells, white blood cells and platelets are in suspension.
Also contains ____________________________________________________________________________________ .
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Red blood cells:

Are ___________________________________________________________________ and lack a nucleus

Contain a _____________________________________________________________ called Hemoglobin

Are produced in the ____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________of blood volume
Oxygenated blood carries oxygen and is ____________________________________________________________
Deoxygenated blood depleted of oxygen, carrying carbon dioxide and is ____________________________________.
White blood cells:
–
Also called _______________________________________________________
–
Are colourless
1
–
_________________________________________________________________ red blood cells
White blood cells ____________________________________________________________________:
___________________________________________________ dead or damaged cells, old red cells, and microorganisms
Produce antibodies to neutralize invading organisms
Platelets:

are ____________________________________________________________________________

Important in the _______________________________________ (clotting –the process whereby the
____________________________________________ and start the formation of __________________
__________________________________________ to form a solid mass (a clot) and stop the bleeding)
Blood Groups

Red blood cells have ________________________________________________________, called antigens that
provoke a ______________________________________________ when they are introduced into another body.

Blood is grouped according to the ____________________________________________________________ it
contains and by the ____________________________________________________________________

Blood typing is _____________________________________________________________________________

A blood transfusion is the injection blood products (usually __________________) from one person to another.
Blood Type A: ______________________________________________________________________________________
Blood Type B: ______________________________________________________________________________________
Blood Type AB: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Blood Type O: _____________________________________________________________________________________
The Rhesus (Rh) factor
This Rh factor is another antigen determining the ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
–
Rh+ means the __________________________________________________________________
–
Rh - means the _________________________________________________________________
2
The Anatomy of the Circulatory System
The circulatory system consists of:

the heart

Blood vessels -arteries
-capillaries
-veins

The Blood
Structure of the Heart
Over a lifespan of 80 years the heart beats more than 3 billion times
The heart has 4 chambers:

–
Right and left atrium (1st chambers that blood _____________________________________________)
–
Right and left ventricle (last chamber before blood _________________________________________)
Blood vessels are the plumbing of the body that assure the __________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________


Two blood vessels leave the ventricles:

The Pulmonary artery –blood is pumped __________________________________________________.

The Aorta – blood is pumped ___________________________________________________________.
Two vessels enter the atria:

The Pulmonary veins – bring blood ______________________________________________________.

The Vena Cava – bring blood back _______________________________________________________.
Blood Vessels of the Body
Arteries
________________________________________________________________________ to the organs of the body.
Have ____________________________________________________________________ to withstand high pressure.
The ______________________________________________________________________ in the body. It___________
_____________________________________ and branches to supply upper and lower body.
3
These large arteries progressively branch and get smaller and smaller, becoming-____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Capillaries are minute branches at the ends of the arteries and veins.
They are ______________________________________________________________________________________ into
all body cells which are within 50µm of a capillary.
Veins ____________________________________________________________________________ and have thinner
walls and are less elastic than the arteries because there is less pressure.
To help the blood to flow up from the extremities (e.g. legs), veins have ________________________ prevent backflow.
____________________________________________________________________ “pump” the blood back to the heart.
Capillaries turn into _________________________________________________________________________ returning
to left atrium via the ___________________________________________________________.
When a heart beats it first _________________________________________ and then __________________________
1. Deoxygenated blood returns under pressure via the Vena Cava into the _______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Contraction of right atrium forces blood into the _________________________________________________.
3. Ventricular contraction forces blood through the __________________________________________ (only
artery carrying deoxygenated blood) into _____________________________________________________.
Blood travels through smaller ______________________________ then _____________________________ and
finally the _____________________________________________ in single file.
The capillaries surround the ___________________________________________________________ and allow the
exchange of gases (O2, CO2) between ________________________________________________________________.
Oxygenated blood leaves the _______________________________________________, first through the
________________________________, then _________________________ returning to the ____________________
via the pulmonary vein.
Contraction of the ______________________________ forces the blood into the _______________________________.
4.
Contraction of the _______________________________ forces the blood through the
______________________________________________________________ throughout the body.
4
Arteries branch off the aorta and supply various organs and tissues with _______________________________________

Arterioles

Capillaries – exchange of gases

Venules

Veins

Vena cava
Blood pressure is the force with which the blood is pushing against the arterial walls.

Bp is measured in mm of mercury (mm Hg)

The systolic pressure is when the _______________________________________ and the vessels are expanded.

The diastolic pressure is when the ________________________________________________ (no contraction).

The pressure is given as a ratio of systolic
diastolic
120
80
(for adolescents normal bp is 113 mm Hg)
65
The Lymphatic System

___________________________________________________________________ to the cells

_____________________________________________________________________ products

plays an important role in the ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________ between the blood vessels and the body cells

A fluid derived from the blood
Lymph is:

Lymphatic vessels _____________________________________________________ and are close to them

The lymph ____________________________________________________________________________ via 2
veins near the heart.

The lymph ______________________________________________________________________ for circulation.
The lymphatic system comprises of the following organs:

The ______________________________________________________- found underneath the heart

The ________________________________________________________- found in long bones (femur)
5

The ________________________________________________- found left of stomach under diaphragm

The ________________________________________________- found in mouth bordering the pharynx
The lymphatic vessels have ___________________ ______________________________________ throughout the body.
When an infection occurs these __________________________________________________ (e.g. A cold or tonsillitis)
The immune system
The immune system is made of:

The vessels and organs of the _________________________________________________________

The ______________________________________________________________________________

The ________________________________________________________ against antigens is called immunity.

Antigens are _______________________________________________________________ or other substances
that produce an immune reaction.

An antibody is a substance produced by certain white blood cells that can neutralize specific antigens.

The immune response can be

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________.
Non specific immune response
 The Non specific immune response is the ________________________________________________ against
______________________________________________________________________________________.
 The ___________________________________________________________________________ against
antigens (bacteria, viruses, etc) and is involved in the non specific immune response.
 An example of a non specific immune response is getting ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
Specific Immune response
 The Specific immune response is the __________________________________________________ against a
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
 Some white blood cells produce ____________________________________________________________.
 Antibodies against the cold virus are ____________________________________ as ones against other bacteria.
 Bacteria (or viruses) invade the body
6
 ___________________________________________________________________ are produced by leucocytes
 Antibodies _____________________________________________________________________ to the bacteria

white blood cell __________________________________________________________________ bacteria
 Immunity can be acquired in two ways:
–
Naturally – by _______________________________________________ to an antigen (diseases, etc)
and _____________________________________________________________. Your body produces
antibodies that will protect you against that disease
–
Vaccine – contains ______________________________________________________________ that
cause the white blood cells to _______________________________________________ against that
disease.
7