TISSUES
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
EPITHELIAL
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superficial layers of mucous
membranes, cells comprising skin,
cells lining body cavities and
connecting tubes
Minimal intercellular material
Tightly packed cell sheets
characteristics
• Many or few layers
• Ciliated or not
• Glandular or not
Epithelial Tissue
blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymph vessels
secretory function as in thyroid
Ciliated
stomach, intestines, gall bladder
skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Lining of bladder
Connective Tissue
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Solid, liquid , gel
Primarily matrix (intercellular
material) which binds cells
May be loose or dense
Loose Connective Tissue
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Areolar
• Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible
collagen
• Between muscles & supports organs
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Adipose
• Fat cells found below skin in
subcutaneous fascia
• Between muscles and organs
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Lymphoid
• Lymphocytes
• Tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes
Dense Connective Tissue
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White Fibrous
• Unyielding, strong, closely packed
• Ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses
• Fascia covering of organs
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Yellow Elastic
• Elastic, has recoil
• Cartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungs
• Some ligaments
Dense Connective Tissue
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Tendon
• Tough, non elastic
• Great tensile strength, keeps fibers
from being separated when pulled
• Reduced compressive strength,
keeps fibers from being crushed
• Always associated with a muscle
• Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage
and to each other
• Aponeuroses, flat tendon sheet
Dense Connective Tissue
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Ligament
• Great tensile strength, none or
little stretch
• Bind bone to bone, bone to
cartilage, cartilage to cartilageskeletal
• Bind organs to organs- visceral
Dense Connective Tissue
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Fascia
• All dense connective tissue other
than tendons, aponeuroses or
ligament
• Found throughout the body
• Usually in the form of membranous
sheets
• Commonly associated with muscles:
endomesium, perimesium,
epimysium
Special Connective Tissues
Cartilage
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Hyaline
• Both tensile and compressive
strength
• Covers articular surfaces of bone
• Non-articular surfaces of cartilage
are perichondrium covered
• Calcification or ossification with age
• Found in chondral/costal portion of
ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial
passages
Special Connective Tissues
Cartilage
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Fibro-cartilage
• Dense ,white, flexible fibers
• Found in some joints in the body
• Intervertebral discs
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Yellow-elastic
• Firm elastic fibers
• Found in the pinna, epiglottis
Special Connective Tissues
Bone/osseous
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All bone begins as cartilage
Provide rigid skeletal support
Dense or compact
Lamellar or sheet like structure
• Great tensile and compressive
strength
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Spongy or porous
• Appears porous microscopically
• Contains marrow that produces red
and white blood cells, blood plasma
matrix
Special Connective Tissues
Blood
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Blood cells arise from within bone
marrow
Fluid component is plasma
Blood consists of corpuscles (cells)
and platelets which are separated by
plasma
Cells are red (erythocytes) and white
(leukocytes)
Muscle Tissue
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Skeletal
• Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in
skeletal structure, striated in
appearance
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Smooth
• Involuntary muscle, found in digestive
and other involuntary organs, non
striated
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Cardiac
• Both smooth and striated in
appearance, found in the heart
Muscle Tissue
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Elastic, contractile tissue
Agonist is the prime mover of a structure
Antagonist opposes a given movement
Synergists are muscles that stabilize
Muscles are innervated by a single nerve
• Sensory innervation is termed afferent
• Motor innervation is termed efferent
• Motor unit is one efferent nerve fiber
and the muscle fibers to which it
attaches
Muscle Tissue
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Fascia surrounds muscle components
• Endomysium surrounds a muscle
cell (fiber)
• Perimysium surrounds bundles of
muscle fibers
• Epimysium surrounds the muscle
itself
Nerve Tissue