Tissues
Tissue – a groups of cells with similar structure & function.
Histology- the study of tissue strictures.
4 Major Tissue Types
1. Epithelial Tissue
Cells that are closely packed with little
intercellular material between them.
tissue .
Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- no blood vessels can penetrate the
Two Major grouping of Epithelial Tissues
A.
Covers body surfaces &
lines the walls of cavities &
organs.
It is categorized on the
basis of the
&
1.
–
layer thick
Thin flat cells
Lines blood vessels,
walls of
,&
walls of
in the
lungs (alveoli).
between
organs in the cavities
2.
–
cells in
a single layer.
Forms the walls of
3.
–
. Lines the
digestive-tract organs & uterus.
4.
-A
-layer arrangement with
the surface layer composed of
.
Usually a
function &
forms the outer layer of the skin.
5.
–
single layer of irregularly shaped cells that
visually
to be in multiple-layer
arrangement. Line the respiratory tract &
contains
.
6.
–
multiple-layered arrangement of cube like
or irregularly shaped cells that can be
.
Lines the urinary
.
Epithelial Review
B.
- closely packed cells that are specialized
to manufacture & secrete products. Forms glands.
1.
- glands that empty their products into ducts,
which channel the secretions to the body surface or into a cavity.
Examples
2.
- glands that secrete their products into
the extracellular space, where they diffuse into the
bloodstream.
Examples
They are also organs that are composed of more than one
type of tissue; and together they make up the endocrine
system (Hormones).
C. Structural & functional relationship
among epithelial tissue.
is determined by the
.
Free cell surfaces.
Cell connections
them.
– prevents passage between
– mechanical links that
binds cells together.
membranes.
– anchor cells to basement
– small channels that allow
passage of material between cells.
2. Connective Tissue
Composed of widely
large amount on
cells that lie within a
material.
The intercellular material is mainly produced by cells &
usually consists of
components:
of sugar-protein molecules & interstitial
fluid.
or various types.
A.
B.
C.
1.
– Large amounts of extracellular
material that separate cells from one another.
Three major components
1. Protein fibers
2. Ground substance
3. Fluid
Function of Connective tissue
1.
2. Connecting tissues to one another.
3.
4. Storing
5.
6. Transporting
7.
A.
- (Areolar Tissue)
Intercellular material consists of fibers
in
abundance but arranged in a loose network.
It contains all
fiber types as well as
macrophage to fight infection.
It provides a structural
for
.
B.
–
Specialize fibroblasts known as
or adipose cells which
store large amounts of
.
C.
- Intercellular
material contain fibers that are packed
together & the tissue has fewer cells & less
ground tissue, but more fibers than
connective tissue.
1.
Connective Tissue Extend parallel to one
another.
physical
stress & found in
&
.
(Regular)
D.
Connective Tissue –
Fibers branch from dense
matting. Found in the
deep layer of the skin.
E.
Abundant
fibers.
ex.
fibers among collagen
, walls of arteries
Connective
tissue
Review
How is connective tissue different from
epithelial tissue?
Match the connective tissue with its
function/location…
– Dense regular
Adipose
Dense elastic
vocal cords
energy storage
anchoring (tendons)
2.
- Contains a firm dense, intercellular material owing to the
thicken ground substances or fibers. The intercellular material is known
as a matrix.
- produces and maintains the cartilage.
- the chamber which the chondrocytes lie in.
– provides nourishment to the chondrocytes
A.
- Matrix is dominated by chondroin sulfate in the
ground substance & contain collagen.
Most
type of cartilage
Locations:
fetal skeleton.
B.
–
Matrix is dominated by
,
providing cartilage with elastic properties.
Locations:
end of the nose.
C.
by collagenous fibers.
- Matrix is dominate
Found in joints that deal with a lot of
(compression & pulling)
Locations:
intervertebral discs.
.
3.
- Intercellular material (matrix). Consists of mineral salts &
collagen which is maintain by osteocytes.
lie in a chamber known as the
.
A. –
•
Closely packed deposit of mineral salts, which are laid down in concentrate layer
(lamellae).
In the center lies a tube (
), which serves as a passage way for blood
vessels.
The tube combined with the layers form the
.
B.
–
Matrix Consists of small plates of mineral salts & collagen (
a network with spaces in between.
These spaces are filled with blood-forming tissue -
) that form
.
4.
Tissue & Blood - tissue
that manufacturers blood cells from
stem cells.
A.
(Hematopoietic)
- found in spongy bone.
B.
- found in lymph
nodes, tonsils, spleen, & thymus in
young children.
Red bone marrow initiates
production of all blood cells.
Lymph Tissue produce two types of
white blood cells,
,
.
Whole blood consists of
elements suspended in a fluid
matrix known as plasma.
the body.
material throughout
Review
What are the 4 types of connective
tissue?
What is the only liquid tissue of the
body?
How is compact bone different from
spongy?
3.
–
Specialized to
of two main parts:
(contract). Composed
.
A.
–
Muscle that is attached to bone by way of tendons.
Contract under conscious control (
),
contain
& is
.
B.
-
Forms part of the walls of
organs.
(
striations.
& visceral
) and does not contain
Propels material as it passes through body tubes &
alters the size of organs.
C.
–
Muscle that forms the walls of the
and helps
blood through the body’s
system of vessels.
.
under conscious control, but can be
– specialized gap junctions to
coordinate the contraction of the hart.
4.
- Has conductivity & excitability properties.
A.
- conduct electric & chemical signals very rapidly
(action potnetial).
B.
- support & maintain the neurons.
5.
–
combination of
tissues in the body that forms
a functional unit.
Consist of
usually associated with
& are
epithelial membranes.
A.
skin
Membrane –
B.
- Simple
& produces a watery
secretion.
Lines the
surfaces of the thoracic &
cavities.
heart.
- surround the
- surround each of
the lungs.
- lines the
abdominal cavity & covers
most of the organs.
Provides a watery fluid for
lubrication.
C.
Membrane –
kinds of
epithelium resting on a layer
of loose connective tissue.
Line the
of the
, respiratory
tract,
, urinary
tract, & urethra.
Secrete
that
traps foreign particles &
maintain a
. Forms a protective layer
over cells.
– swelling of
the nasal membranes due to
a cold or allergies.
D.
–
Line the wall of cavities of certain
joints.
Secret a
lubricates & nourishes
which
Inflammation
1. Injury
2.
Mediators/inflammation are
chemicals are released in the
injured tissue.
ex. Histamines, kinins,
prostsglandins.
3. Blood vessel dilation.
4. Edema
Chronic Inflammation
Whatever is causing the
inflammation is not removed.
Tissues & Aging
Athletic performance
declines
Cells divide
production, slower r
injuries.
(lower RBC
from
– less flexible stretching,
walls of arteries