Biology Final Exam Study Guide- Units 1 and 2
Classification
I. What is life?
A-4.a: Describe the biological criteria that need to be met in order for an organism to be considered alive.
1. Complete the following table:
Criteria to be considered
living:
Description of criteria
II. Organization
A-4.b: Define and provide examples of each level of organization.
2. List the levels of organization in order.
III. Classification
E-3.a: Explain how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that
reflect their evolutionary relationships.
3. How are organisms classified? _________________________________________________________
4. How do scientists determine evolutionary relationships between organisms?
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E-3.b: List each of the major levels in the hierarchy of taxa: kingdom, phylum, etc.
5. List the major levels in the hierarchy of taxa in order.
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E-3.e: Distinguish between and among viruses, bacteria, and protists, and give an example of each.
E-3.f: Explain classification criteria for fungi, plants, and animals.
6. Create a concept map describing the different kingdoms. Include # and type of cells, and energy source.
(Complete on a separate sheet of paper)
IV. Animal Divisions
E-3.g: Compare the major divisions of animals.
7. Complete the following table.
Phylum
Symmetry
Digestion
Skeleton
Reproduction
Example
Porifera
Cnideria
Platyhelminthes
Nemotode
Mollusca
Annelid
Arthropod
Echinoderm
Chordata
V. Binomial Nomenclature
E-3.c: Explain the binomial nomenclature system.
8. Define binomial nomenclature. _________________________________________________________
9. How are scientific names (binomial nomenclature) written? __________________________________
10. What does the first word in a scientific name represent? ____________________________________
11. What does the second word represent? _________________________________________________
Plants
I. Flower Anatomy
ACT: E-2.b: Explain the functions of unique plant structures, including the cell wall, chloroplasts, and critical parts
of the flower and seed.
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Label the parts of the flower. Include the following:
Stem, peduncle, sepals, petals, ovary, style, stigma, pistil (carpel), anther, filament, stamen, pollen, and ovule
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Describe the function of each part of the flower.
1.
Stem: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Peduncle: ________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Sepals __________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Petals ___________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Ovary ___________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Style ____________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Stigma __________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Pistil ____________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Anther __________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Filament _________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Stamen __________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Pollen ___________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Ovule ___________________________________________________________________________________________
II. Seed Anatomy
ACT: E-2.b: Explain the functions of unique plant structures, including the cell wall, chloroplasts, and critical parts
of the flower and seed.
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Draw and label the major structures of the seed. Include the following:
Seed coat, micropyle, hilum, plant embryo, cotyledon
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Describe the function of the following seed parts.
1.
Seed coat: _______________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Micropyle _______________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Hilum ___________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Plant embryo _____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Cotyledon _______________________________________________________________________________________
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Compare monocots and dicots. _______________________________________________________________________
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III. Plant Reproduction
ACT: E-2.a: Describe the basic mechanisms of plant processes, especially movement of materials and plant
reproduction.
1.
Describe the difference between pollination, fertilization, and dispersal. _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Define germination: ______________________________________________________________
3.
Draw the plant reproduction cycle. Label with key steps and the following:
a. Pollination
b. Fertilization
c. Dispersal
IV. Plant Transport
ACT: E-2.a: Describe the basic mechanisms of plant processes, especially movement of materials and plant
reproduction.
1.
2.
Describe the function of the following:
a.
Roots: ___________________________________________________________________________________
b.
Leaves: __________________________________________________________________________________
c.
Stem: ____________________________________________________________________________________
List the 3 main tissues of a plant:
a.
______________________
b.
______________________
c.
______________________
3.
What covers the outer dermal tissue of a plant and helps to prevent water loss? _________________________________
4.
Describe the function of a guard cell. __________________________________________________________________
5.
Where are most guard cells located? ___________________________________________________________________
6.
What is a stomata? _________________________________________________________________________________
7.
If guard cells are full of water, they swell and the stomata ____________. If they have no water, they shrink and
the stomata ______________.
8.
9.
For each of the following conditions, determine if the stomata will be open or closed.
a.
Very hot, no water: _________________________________________________________________________
b.
Sunny, photosynthesis is occurring: ____________________________________________________________
c.
Night time: _______________________________________________________________________________
Describe the function of xylem and phloem. Make sure you know what they carry, and where they carry it!
a.
Xylem: ___________________________________________________________________________________
b.
Phloem: __________________________________________________________________________________
10. Where does most of the plant’s photosynthesis occur? _____________________________________________________
11. Describe the following:
a.
Transpiration: _____________________________________________________________________________
b.
Capillary action: ___________________________________________________________________________