SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
DELEGATES FROM JAPAN
1
POPULATION :- 103 CRORES
INDIA POLITICAL MAP
AREA :- 3,419 (‘000 SQ KM)
STATES :- 29
UT :- 6
BIGGEST CITY :- MUMBAI
GARDEN CITY
SILICON VALLY
2
REGIONAL
GRIDS
INSTALLED CAPACITY
NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW
EASTERN :- 17,697 MW
SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW
WESTERN :- 32,354 MW
NORTHERN
REGION
NORTHEASTERN
REGION
NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW
TOTAL
115,569 MW
EASTERN
REGION
WESTERN
REGION
SOUTHERN
REGION
3
‘
ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
1
NORTHERN
REGION
NORTHEASTERN
REGION
EASTERN
REGION
2
WESTERNRE
GION
3
SOUTHERN
REGION
SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT
TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH
EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003
4
ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART
‘ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
NORTHERN
REGION
1
NORTHEASTERN
REGION
EASTERN
REGION
WESTERNRE
GION
2
SOUTHERN
REGION
WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE
TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE
EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS,5
INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS
SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA
PRADESH
POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)
AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)
INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%)
WEATHER :- South-west monsoon
North-east monsoon
SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
TAMIL NADU
6
SR STATES – GEOGRAPHY
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES
POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES
AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM)
AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 389 UNITS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 560 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :COFFEE & RAGI
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND
HOT & HUMID
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND
HOT & HUMID
PONDICHERRY
KERALA
POPULATION :- 9.7 LAKHS
POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES
AREA :- 492 SQ KM
AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM)
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 165 UNITS
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT &
HUMID
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 300 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :COCONUT & SPICES
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID
TAMIL NADU
POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES
AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 586 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND
HOT & HUMID
7
SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICS
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 5802 MW
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 9531 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 7441 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 107 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 84 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 130 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM
37%
INDU AGRI
26%
COMML
33%
OTHERS
3%
1%
DOM
.
INDU AGRI
22%
29%
34%
COMML
OTHERS
5%
10%
.
TAMIL NADU
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 7074 MW
KERALA
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 2617 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM
76%
INDU AGRI
2%
6%
COMML
16%.
MAX DEMAND MET – 7228 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 147 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 126 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM
21%
INDU AGRI
33%
27%
COMML
9%
OTHERS
10%
8
.
GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
20000
22133
21298
20304
22000
19475
24000
19830
26000
22983
28000
24173
29526
28501
30000
26163
IN MW
18 0 0 0
16 0 0 0
14 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
10 0 0 0
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
Y EA R S - - - >
9
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR
STATES
HYDRO
THERMAL
AP
3586
KAR
3166
KER
1808
TN
1996
C.S
NUCLEAR
TOTAL
%
2
6853
21%
5
4769
15%
2043
6%
6008
19%
8180
26%
13%
DIESEL/GAS
WIND
2993
272
1470
128
OTHERS
235
3570
423
6990
830
360
19
IPP
229
794
0
2432
245
377
4078
TOTAL
10785
15817
830
3851
271
377
31931
%
34%
50%
3%
12%
1%
1%
NOTE:- ---
TAMILNADU HAS ABOUT 1344 MW OF WINDMILL POWER
WHICH IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE INSTALLED CAPACITY.
---
LIKEWISE MICRO AND CAPTIVE CAPACITIES ARE NOT
INCLUDED
10
SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
NUCLEAR
WIND
271 (0.8%)
IN MW
377 (1%)
830 (3%)
10785 (34%)
OTHERS
3851 (12%)
HYDRO
GAS
31,931 MW
THERMAL
15817 (50%)
HYDRO
THERMAL
GAS
WIND
NUCLEAR
OTHERS
11
AGENCY-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
31,931 MW
IPP
IN MW
ANDHRA PRADESH
4078 (13%)
6853 (21%)
8180 (26%)
4769 (15%)
CENTRAL
SECTOR
KARNATAKA
6008 (18.8%)
2043 (6%)
TAMIL NADU
AP
KAR
KER
TN
CS
IPP
KERALA
12
TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR
22000
21000
DEMAND IN MW --->
20000
19000
EVENING
PEAK
SUMMER
18000
17000
WINTER
16000
15000
MONSOON
14000
13000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
TIME IN HRS --->
WEATHER
MONSOON
SUMMER
WINTER
13
RESERVOIR
CONSUMPTION
SCROLL DEMAND
24
LOAD COMPOSITION IN SOUTHERN GRID
Domestic
Others
23%
4%
Industry
Commercial
37%
6%
30%
Agriculture
Domestic
Commercial
Agriculture
Industry
Others
14
TYPICAL
LOAD
SPREAD
IN SR
LOAD 500-1200 MW
LOAD 200-500 MW
15
SR GRID - HIGHLIGHTS
• WIDE SPREAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK
• HIGHEST CAPACITY HVDC LINK IN COUNTRY
• GENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE &
CAPACITY
• 32 Nos. of 400 KV SUB-STATIONS
• 17600 MVA TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY
• INTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL
NEIGHBOURING REGIONS
16
GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL PROBLEMS
• LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS
– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW VALUES
• LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION
– VOLTAGE AT EHV GRID LEVEL DIPPES TO CRITICALL
LOW LEVELS
• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS
– LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY
OPERATION
• INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES
– INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC
EQUIPMENTS
17
GRID OPERATION PRESENT
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
IMPROVED VOLTAGES
JAN - 02
OCT - 04
MERIT ORDER OPERATION
INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
IMPROVED GRID SECURITY
18
LANDMARKS
• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME
• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
SCHD DRWL
• TALCHER-KOLAR HVDC LINK
• OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE
• SPECIFIC ACTIONS BY SRLDC
• FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE
19
20
MONSOONS
SOUTH WEST
MONSOON
NORTH EAST
MONSOON
21
GRID MAP
TALCHER
BHADRAVATI
JEYPORE
SIMHADRI NTPC
8x4
400 KV LINE
PRESENTLY
OPERATED AT 220 KV
RSTPP
1
GAZUWAKA(AP)
15x2
VISAKHAPATNAM
P
HYDERABAD
P
P
KHAMMAM
(POWERGRID)
P
MMDP
P
VIJAYAWADA
P
RAICHUR
TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM
NORTH TO SOUTH
Nagjhari
SSLMM
MUNIRABAD
KODASAALY
P
KAIGA
GRID FOCAL POINT
SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER
COMMISSIONING OF HVDC
P
SIRSI
N
QUANTUM CHANGES IN
FLOW PATTERN LIKELY
AFTER COMMISSIONING OF
KOODANKULAM 2000 MW
NAGARJUNASAGAR
KURNOOL
GOOTY
P
CUDDAPAH
DAVANAGERE
KADRA
NELLORE
HIRIYUR
NELAMANGALA BANGALORE
ALMATHI
P
KOLAR
HOSUR
HOODY
TALGUPPA
SALEM
MAPS
PONDICHERY
P
NEYVELI
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADRAS
P
P
TRICHY
P
P
P
MADURAI
PALLOM
KAYANKULAM
2x78
THIRUVANATHAPURAM
THIRNELVALI
ABOUT 12000 CKM
400KV TRANSMISSION
KOODANKULAM
TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA
VOLTAGE
LEVEL
AP
KAR
400 KV
2042
1614
220/230 KV
10050
7590
2650
6270
132/110 KV
12360
6060
3720
10220
TOTAL
24452
15264
6370
16490
KER
TN
CGS
TOTAL
8462
12118
366
26926
32360
8828
71404
ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN
THE PAST 2 YEARS
23
TALCHER KOLAR
SCHEMATIC
TALCHER
Electrode
Station
Electrode
Station
KOLAR
+/- 500 KV DC line
1370 KM
400kv System
B’lore
Hoody
Cudappah
220kv system
Hosur
Salem
Udumalpet
Kolar
Madras
Chintamani
24
GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
UNIT CAPACITY
AP
KAR
KER
TN
THERMAL (500 MW)
2
THERMAL
(200-250 MW)
10
7
GAS/THERMAL
(100-150 MW)
9
2
3
10
24
HYDRO
(>50 MW)
27
27
16
15
85
TOTAL
48
36
19
38
163
13
TYPICAL
CGS
TOTAL
7
9
15
45
KAR
A.P
GENERATOR
SPREAD
IN SR
- HYDRO
GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
KER
TN
- THERMAL
- GAS / NAPTHA
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW
- NUCLEAR
400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR
POWERGRID
STATE
OTHERS
TOTAL
AP
8
4
2
14
KAR
4
5
KER
1
TN
9
KALPAKKA
RAMAGUNDAM
1
6
2
1
P
SIMHADRI
8
HYDERABAD
TOTAL
19
9
4
P
P
GAZUWAKA
KHAMMAM
P
32
MAMIDIPALLY
P
VIJAYAWADA
P
RAICHUR
NAGARJUNASAGAR
SRI SAILAM
MUNIRABAD
P
KURNOOL
P
GOOTY
P
CUDDAPAH
NELLORE
DAVANAGERE
HIRIYUR
NELAMANGALA
BANGALORE
TALAGUPPA
P
HOODY
KOLAR
MADRAS
P
HOSUR
NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)
SALEM
P
NEYVELI
-- OF NTPC
-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH
-- OF KARNATAKA
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
-- OF POWERGRID
P
TRICHY
-- OF NLC
P
P
P
MADURAI
ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN INDIA
VOLTAGE
RATIO
400/230 or
400/220 KV
400/132 or
400/110 KV
TOTAL
AP
KAR
KER
TN
CGS
TOTAL
7
7
2
5
29
50
---
---
---
3
2
5
7
7
2
8
31
55
28
INTER REGIONAL LINKS
CHANDRAPUR
TALCHAR
CSEB
MAH
RAMAGUNDAM
BALIMELA
BARSUR
A.P
KOLHAPUR
ORISSA
JEYPORE
GAZUWAKA
U.SILERU
L.SILERU
BELGAUM
AMBEWADI
GOA
HVDC BI POLE
HVDC B2B STATION
CENTRAL GEN.STATION
KAIGA
KAR
220 kV LINE
400 kV LINE
KOLAR
MAPS
NEYVELI PONDICHERRY
110 kV HVDC LINE
T.N
KER
POWERGRID SRLDC
29
Inter Regional Links
1650 MW
700 MW
1850 MW
900 MW
30,500 MW
2300
16,000
32,700 MW
700 MW
1200MW
2000MW
30,500 MW
Present IR Capacity
= 9,000 MW
INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END
OF 11th PLAN (2012)
NORTHERN
REGION
13450 MW
4600 MW
NORTHEASTERN
REGION
6450 MW
WESTERN
REGION
EASTERN
REGION
1300 MW
SOUTHERN
REGION
1000 MW
3200 MW
30,000 MW OF INTERREGIONAL POWER BY 2012
31
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
• TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE
• SCATTER DIAGRAM
• HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY
• FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE
• Df/dT CURVE
• RECORD FVI OF 0.04
32
FREQUENCY PROFILE
2002, 2003 & 2004
51.00
50.50
FREQUENCY IN HZ ---->
50.00
49.50
49.00
48.50
48.00
47.50
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
DAYS ----->
33
FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE AUG TO OCT 04, 03 & 02
<49.0
49.0 &
<49.5
49.5 &
<50.5
50.5 &
Above
Max
Min
Avg
FVI
St. Dev
2004
0.03
1.46
98.28
0.23
50.82
48.62
49.95
0.31
0.12
2003
0.17
8.32
90.66
0.85
50.85
48.60
49.81
0.95
0.18
2002
73.62
12.45
12.84
1.09
51.08
47.69
48.63
23.59
0.44
51.00
FREQUENCY IN HZ --->
50.50
2004
50.00
49.50
2003
49.00
48.50
2002
48.00
47.50
10
1117 2233
14509 15625
16741 17857
18973 20089
21205100
10 3349 4465
20 5581 6697
30 7813 8929
40 10045 11161
50 12277 13393
60
70
80
90
% OF TIME --->
34
COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY
420
410
400
380
BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS
LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES
370
360
350
340
REALITY BITE:
330
FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH
FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.
EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER
WORKS IMPROVED!
23:05
22:05
21:05
20:05
19:05
18:05
17:05
16:05
15:05
14:05
13:05
12:05
11:05
10:05
09:05
08:05
07:05
06:05
05:05
04:05
03:05
02:05
01:05
320
00:05
VOLTAGE IN KV --->
390
TIME IN HRS --->
35
WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE
PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED
ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE
STATE
MOTOR BURNING AND
MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO
CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY
LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS
AROUND BANGALORE
HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY
EARLIER
WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW,
PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS
IMPROVED
400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING
COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO
FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID
36
VIJJESWARAM -I(100 MW)(84 PS)
STATION, IC IN MW
BASIN BRIDGE(120 MW)(468 PS)
PP NALLUR(330.5 MW)(415 PS)
RAYALASEEMA(37.8 MW)(330 PS)
KASARGOD P C L(21 MW)(300 PS)
KAYAMKULAM NTPC(350 MW)(290 PS)
TATA DEISEL(81.3 MW)(280 PS)
SAMALPATTY IPP(105 MW)(263 PS)
GMR VASAVI(196 MW)(254 PS)
KOZHIKODE DPP(128.8 MW)(250 PS)
BALAJI(SAMAYANALLUR)(105 MW)(247 PS)
JINDAL(260 MW)(247 PS)
THANNEERBAVI(235 MW)(228 PS)
B S E S (KERALA)(165.5 MW)(225 PS)
NELLORE(30 MW)(225 PS)
BRAHMAPUAM D P P(106.5 MW)(214 PS)
NAVBHARAT(35 MW)(205 PS)
YELEHANKA DEISEL(127.92 MW)(203.36 PS)
L V S(37.8 MW)(200 PS)
ENNORE.T.P.S(450 MW)(190.2 PS)
NEYVELI-I(600 MW)(185.86 PS)
ST-CMS(250 MW)(171 PS)
V S P *(120 MW)(169.11 PS)
METTUR.T.P.S(840 MW)(150 PS)
TUTUCORIN.T.P.S(1050 MW)(133.5 PS)
NORTH MADRAS.T.P.S(630 MW)(130.98 PS)
RAYALASEEMA TPP(420 MW)(126 PS)
KOTHAGUDEM(D)(500 MW)(124 PS)
KOTHAGUDEM(C)(220 MW)(123.1 PS)
KOTHAGUDEM(A)(240 MW)(110 PS)
RAICHUR.T.PS. **(1260 MW)(110 PS)
KOTHAGUDEM(B)(210 MW)(108 PS)
VIJAYAWADA T.P.S.-3(210 MW)(101 PS)
VIJAYAWADA T.P.S.-1&2(1050 MW)(101 PS)
RAMAGUNDAM-B(62.5 MW)(96 PS)
SIMHADRI(1000 MW)(96 PS)
NEYVELI-II STG-II **(840 MW)(94.61 PS)
LANCO(350 MW)(91.48 PS)
RAMAGUNDAM(2100 MW)(90 PS)
REINS CALCINING LTD.(41 MW)(90 PS)
B S E S (AP)(GAS)(140 MW)(87 PS)
VIJJESWARAM -II(172.5 MW)(86 PS)
8000
SPECTRUM (GAS)(208 MW)(83 PS)
12000
JEGURUPADU (GAS)(216 MW)(82 PS)
14000
KOVIL KALAPPAL *(105 MW)(68 PS)
18000
ABOUT 16000 MW
OF CAPACITY IS
BELOW 300 Ps
ABOUT14200 MW
OF CAPACITY IS
BELOW 200 Ps
CUM. INS. CAP.
CUMULATIVEINSTALLE
300
10000
250
ABOUT 7000 MW OF
CAPACITY IS
BELOW 100 Ps
200
6000
150
4000
VARIABLE COST
100
2000
50
0
0
37
VARIABLE COST IN Ps/UNIT
16000
NEYVELI-II STG 1 **(630 MW)(67.99 PS)
PONDY PCL (32.5 MW)(19.61 PS)
CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY IN MW
VARIABLE COST(Ps) OF POWER STATION IN SR AS ON JUNE 2004
450
400
350
38
MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP
POWER STATION
STATE
CAPACITY(MW)
FUEL
VARIABLE
COST
TATA DIESEL
KARNATAKA
79
DIESEL
308
RAYALSEEMA
DGPP
KARNATAKA
27
DIESEL
360
YELEHANKA
DIESEL
KARNATAKA
128
DIESEL
314
THANRBHAVI
KARNATAKA
220
NAPTHA
325
454
SUB-TOTAL
BRAHAMPURAM
DPP
KERALA
107
DIESEL
275
BSES
KERALA
157
NAPTHA
308
KASARGODE PCL
KERALA
22
NAPTHA
298
KAYAMKULAM
KERALA
360
NAPTHA
322
SUB-TOTAL
646
BASIN BRIDGE
TAMIL NADU
120
NAPTHA
584
P.P.NALLUR
TAMIL NADU
330
NAPTHA
415
SUB-TOTAL
450
TOTAL
1550
39
Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges
25000
22500
Total MU During The Year
20000
15000
13000
9730
10000
7350
8230
5000
0
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
Year
IR Energy Exchanges
40
INTER – REGIONAL(01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)
(+) IMPORT / (-) EXPORT
• INTER REGIONAL UI (WR):- +357 MU – 211 MU
• INTER REGIONAL UI (ER):- +693 MU – 21 MU
• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM WR IN PS/U
– 134 PS/U
– 247 PS/U
@WR
@SR
• AVG RATE OF EXPORT TO WR IN PS/U
– 163 PS/U
– 287 PS/U
@SR
@WR
• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM ER IN PS/U
– 145 PS/U
– 212 PS/U
@ ER
@ SR
41
NO OF DISTURBANCES SINCE 1991
MAJOR AND MINOR
DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994
10
NUMBER OF DISTURBANCES -------->
9
8
7
6
SPS
5
4
MAJOR
MINOR
3
2
1
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
1999-00
1998-99
1997-98
1996-97
1995-96
1994-95
0
YEAR ->
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER
GENERATING PLANTS LIKE
RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, 42
SHARAVATHY ETC
SHARP
PEAK
DEEP
VALLEY
DEEP
VALLEY
43
KADAMPARAI GENERATION/PUMP Vs FREQUENCY FOR
KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION
400
50.50
INVESTMENT OF 1600
CRORES SAVED
200
50.00
GENERATOR
MODE
100
49.50
0
-100
PUMP
PUMP
49.00
-200
-300
48.50
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
IN MW ---->
300
51.00
SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS
EVERY DAY
TIME ---->
44
FREQUENCY IN HZ ---->
500
OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATION
IDUKKI IN KERALA
KERALA SAVED RS 50 CRORES BY EFFICIENT
UTILISATION OF THE RESERVOIRS AT IDUKKI!
POWERGRIDs 400 KV MADURAITRIVANDRUM LINE WILL HELP
KERALA SAVE EVEN MORE
ENERGY IN THE COMING YEAR
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
PLANT OPERATORS AT IDUKKI
THINK OF THE RESERVOIR
LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER
Rs.
THAN IN FEET!!!
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
45
FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004
FVI = 0.04
Avg Freq = 49.99Hz
51.0
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
48.5
10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2
FVI =
-------------------------------
24 * 60
46
SPECIFIC ACTION BY RLDC
 LOSS REDUCTION
•
•
•
•
•
TAP CO-ORDINATION
FILTER CO-ORDINATION
REDUCED LINE OPENING
HVDC SET POINT CHANGES
VAR MANAGEMENT
 REVIVAL OF DORMANT INTER-STATE
LINES
 100% DISBURSEMENT IN SETTLEMENT
SYSTEM
 OPTIMISATION
OF
INTER-REGIONAL
EXCHANGES
47
 MERIT ORDER OPERATION
TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME
(STAGE-1)
IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR
POLE/BIPOLE, INSTANTANEOUS AND IMMEDIATE
500MW LOAD RELIEF IS OBTAINED FROM THE
FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS :
-KARNATAKA: HOODY, KOLAR
-TAMILNADU: SRIPERAMBADUR , HOSUR
-ANDHRA PRADESH: CHINKAMPALLI
Note: This scheme is already in vogue
48
TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME
(STAGE-2)
IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR
BIPOLE ADDITIONAL 1000MW LOAD RELIEF TO BE
OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS :
-KARNATAKA: SOMANAHALLI
-TAMILNADU: MADURAI,THIRUVARUR,INGUR,KAIRAKUDDY
-ANDHRA PRADESH:
ANANTAPUR,
SOMAYAJULAPALLI,
KARNOOL
GOOTY,
-KERALA: TRICHUR NORTH , KOZHI-KODE
49
GENERATION ADDITION & SYSTEM
STRENGTHENING (RECENT PAST)
GENERATION ADDITION
• 500MW TALCHER U # 5 ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION W.E.F
1ST NOV 04
• 500MW U#7 AT NTPC, RAMAGUNDAM TEST SYNCHRONISED
ON 26-SEP-04.
SYSTEM STRENGTHENING
• 220KV INTER-STATE LINES OF AP – KAR IN PARALLEL
– SEDAM – TANDUR FROM 18-AUG-04
– GOOTY – ALIPUR FROM 10-SEP-04
• 40% FIXED SERIES COMPENSATION COMMISSIONED AT
– GOOTY OF GOOTY-HOODY LINE ON 19/OCT/04
• FLOW INCREASED FROM 110MW TO 140MW.
– CUDDAPAH OF N’SAGAR-CUDDAPAH D/C LINE ON 20-21/OCT/04
• FLOW INCREASED FROM 270MW TO 355MW.
• 400KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD III
COMMERCIAL OPERATION FROM 01-NOV-04.
&
IV
ON
50
Components of inter-utility tariff
(Pre – ABT Mechanism)
 Fixed charges
 Interest on loans
 Depreciation
 O & M charges
 Return on equity
 Interest on Working Capital




Energy charges (fuel cost)
Incentives
Surcharge & other levies
No charge for reactive energy
51
Payment to Inter State Generating Stations
(ISGS) from beneficiaries under
Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Capacity charges
Energy charges
Unscheduled Interchange (UI)
52
SCHEDULING
1000
Forecast ex-bus capability of Power Plant
900
Net Injection Schedule
800
MW
700
600
500
SEB - A's Entitlement - (40% )
400
SEB - A's Requisition
300
200
100
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Hours
14
16
18
20
22
24
53
CAPACITY CHARGE
Capacity charge will be related to
‘availability’ of the generating station
and the percentage capacity allocated
to the state. ‘Availability’ for this
purpose means the readiness of the
generating station to deliver ex-bus
output expressed as a percentage of
its rated ex-bus output capability.
54
ENERGY CHARGE
Energy charges shall be worked out on
the basis of a paise per kwh rate on exbus energy scheduled to be sent out
from the generating station as per the
following formula
Energy charges =
Rate of energy
charges
(paise/kwh) x
Scheduled
Generation (ex-bus MWh)
55
UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :
Variation in actual generation / drawal with
respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall
be accounted for through Unscheduled
Interchange (UI).
UI for generating station shall be equal to its
total actual generation minus its scheduled
generation.
UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total
actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.
56
UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :
UI shall be worked out for each 15
minute time block.
Charges for all UI transactions shall be
based on average frequency of the time
block.
UI rates shall be frequency dependent
and uniform throughout the country.
57
UI
RATE
650
----------------->
600
Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u
550
Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection
Frequency (Hz)
Above 50.5
500
450
400
Rate (p/u)
0
50.0
150
49.8
210
49.0 and below
570
350
At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u
300
UI rate
250
200
At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150
p/u
Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0
p/u
150
100
50
0
48.9 49
49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9
50
50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51
Frequency ----------->
58
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
(A)
(B)
(C)
CAPACITY CHARGE
ENERGY CHARGE
ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS
(U I CHARGE)
(A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of
Power Plant for the day declared before the day
starts
x SEB’s % allocation from the plant
(B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule
for the SEB finalised before the day starts x
Energy charge rate
(C) = Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time
block – scheduled energy interchange for the
time block) x UI rate for the time block
59
TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± (C)
FEATURES :
 (A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant
generation / drawal. No metering required for
this as they are based on off-line figures. All
deviations taken care of by (C)
 No complication regarding deemed generation.
 Perpetual incentive for maximizing generation
and reducing drawal during deficit, but no
incentive to over generate during surplus.
60
THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996
THE SR GRID IN
BHADRAVATI
JEYPORE
1996
1
RSTPP
P
GAZUWAKA
P
P
P
KHAMMAM
HYDERABAD
P
P
VIJAYAWADA
Nagjhari
RAICHUR
Kodasally
N
KAIGA
Kadra
NAGARJUNASAGAR
P
MUNIRABAD
P
SIRSI
GOOTY
P
DAVANAGERE
NELLORE
CUDDAPAH
HIRIYUR
NELAMANGALA
BANGALORE
P
P
MADRAS
HOODY
MAPS
By Tripping of SalemBangalore and
Cudddapah-Madras
Southern Grid was
getting devided into two
blocks
P
SALEM
NEYVELI
P
UDUMALPET
P
P
TRICHUR
TRICHY
P
MADURAI
FIG-2
61
THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996
CONDITIONS
Line Name
Frequency POWER
Below (Hz) FLOW(MW)
Time delay Type of
(second)
Relay
CUDAPPA-MADRAS 47.8
0.5
UF
SALEMBANGALORE
1
UF
47.8
CUDAPPA-MADRAS 48.0
100
MW 0.5
towards
CUDAPPA
RPUF
SALEMBANGALORE
300
MW 1
towards
BANGALORE
RPUF
48.0
62
SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMES
DEFINITION
PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED
TO
DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS
AND TAKE
PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION
(Other than isolation of faulty element)
TO
PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PROVIDE
ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
63
WHY SPS? OPERATIONAL REASONS

OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING
UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE
TRANSFER CAPABILITY

WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING
PATTERN

STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS

SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO
SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.
64
WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL REASONS

SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD
PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY
MARGINS DUE TO

DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS

OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME

INCREASE IN COMPETITION

MERIT ORDER OPERATION
65
WHY SPS? PLANNING ISSUES

ECONOMY OF SCALE

THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE
EXISTING NETWORK

DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

SEASONAL OVER LOADS

LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN
TANDEM
66
WHY SPS?
Mission of power system engineers is to provide Stable
Secured and Reliable power supply at least possible cost
to the end consumer. SPS is an important tool in
achieving this

For System Planner

For operational planner
It reduce the compromise between
cost and quality
It enables to manage severe
contingencies like tripping of
generators multiple outage of
transmission lines etc
67
POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS
UNIT
FAILURE
TRANSFORMER/
LINE FAILURE
REDUCED
NETWORK
REDUNDANCY
LOSS OF
GENERATION
BUS
ISOLATED
LINE OVERLOAD
OR
UNSATISFACTORY
BUS VOLTAGE
INSUFFICIENT
GENERATION
LOSS OF
LOAD
SYSTEM
COLLAPS
E
ISLANDING
68
NORMAL
RESTORATIVE
DISTURBANCE
A L E R T
69
EMERGENCY
NORMAL
RESTORATIVE
DISTURBANCE
A L E R T
70
EMERGENCY
HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP
SCHEME AT KOLAR
TO TALCHER
KURNOOL
SOMYAZULA PALLI
GOOTY
CUDDAPAH
KOLAR
SOMANHALLI
SPBDR
HOODY
HOSUR
PONDICHERY
SALEM
NLC II
NLC -1 EXP.
TRICHUR
TRICHY
UDUMALPET
MADURAI
71
HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP
SCHEME AT KOLAR
MODE OF
OPERATION
MONO POLAR
POWER LEVEL FOR GENERATING INTERTRIP
SIGNAL
>400 MW AND THE POLE TRIPS
IF BOTH POLE ARE CARRYING > 800 MW EACH AND
ONE POLE TRIPS
BI-POLAR
IF EACH POLE IS CARRYING POWER IN THE RANGE
OF 400 TO 800 MW AND ONE POLE TRIPS AND AFTER
THE DELAY OF 2 SECS THE POWER ON SURVIVING
POLE IS LESS THAN 600MW
IF POWER FLOW ON EACH POLE > 200 MW AND
BOTH POLES TRIP WITH IN 2 SECS
72
KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEM
SPS BASED SOLUTION
HUBLI
NAGJHERI
THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF
855 MW
>600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900
AMPS FOR 300 MSEC,
KODASHALLI
120 MW
400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV
PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN
HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX
KAIGA
440 MW
SIRSI
GUTTUR
KADRA
150 MW
73
PROPOSED SPS AT RAICHUR
PROPOSED SPS BASED
SOLUTION
RTPS UNITS TO BACKDOWN BASED ON FLOW ON
RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE
RAICHUR
N’SAGAR
CUDDAPAH
MUNIRABAD
GOOTY
DAVANGERE
HVDC LINES
FROM ER
HIRIYUR
SOMANAHALLY
TRIPPING OF THESE LINES
INCREASES THE FLOW ON
RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE
KOLAR
NELAMANGALA
HOODY
74
LOAD CENTRE
Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region
RLDC,Bangalore
SCC, Pondy
CPCC
Hyderabad
Andhra
Hyderabad
Kalamassery
Kerala
Chennai
Tamilnadu
Bangalore
Karnataka
Bangalore
Cuddapah
Kalam’erry
Kannur
Chennai
Erode
Lingusugur
Warangal
Trivandrum
Madurai
Hubli
Vijayawada
75
EMS/SCADA Package … Contd
Sl No:
Constituent
RTUs supplied
Existing RTUs
integrated
Control
Centres
1.0
APTRANSCO
91
-
4
2.0
TNEB
40
35
3
3.0
KPTCL
22
21
3
4.0
KSEB
30
-
3
5.0
UT of Pondy
5
9
1
6.0
Central Sector
27
-
1
Total
215
65
15
RTUs Grand Total : 280
76
Information Flow to Control Centres
Ramagundam
Karnataka
Warangal
Satellite
HYDERABAD
Ghanapur
Vijayawada
Andhra Pradesh
Hubli
Davangeree
Chinkampalli
Bangalore
CHENNAI
MW Link
FO Link
State owneed Link
Sub-LDC
SLDC
Kannur-B
Pondy
Erode
RCLDC
UT of Pondy
Kerala
KALAMASSERY
Madurai
Vydyuthi Bhavanam
Tamilnadu
77
Communication Channel for Information flow
RLDC
Wide Band
Commn
(MW / FO)
SLDC
SLDC
Wide Band
Commn
Sub-LDC
Sub-LDC
Wide Band /
PLCC Commn
RTU
RTU
RTU
78
ULDC TRAINING
SL
NAME OF THE TRAINING
FROM
TO
Participants
Man days
1
CISCO ROUTER &
NETWORKING
19-01-2004
24-01-2004
17
102
2
XA-21 USER LEVEL
23-02-2004
28-02-2004
10
60
3
RTNA WORKSHOP
29-03-2004
31-03-2004
14
42
4
AIX OPERATING SYSTEM
17-05-2004
22-05-2004
15
90
5
XA-21 USER LEVEL
21-06-2004
25-06-2004
6
30
6
DATABASE ADMINISTATION
22-11-04
04-12-04
19
228
79
Southern Region Grid
Complexities in Monitoring & Control
Integrated Opn
of Ten Power
Annual Inter-Regional Utilities
Generators –Hydro,
Energy Transfer
Thermal,Gas/IPP
≈10,000MU
422 nos.
40,000 POINTS
Installed Capacity
≈31870 MW
Active Power, Reactive Power,
Voltage, Frequency, Transformer
Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position,
Isolator Position etc.
Transmission
Network 400/220kV
≈ 37500 Ckm
Transformation
Transformers
Capacity ≈
(220kV and above)
Dynamic Grid
45000 MVA
480 nos.
Conditions
80
Bouquet of Benefits
• Integrated System Operation with improved system visibility
• Enhanced Operation Efficiency
• Quality Power - Frequency and Voltage Control
• Adaptability to the ever growing Power System
• Merit Order and Economic Load Dispatch
• Fewer System Collapses & Faster Restoration
• First Step towards Sub-station Automation
81
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID
TALCHER KOLAR HVDC
PHASE-I
LINE
(By 2002)
LENGTH:1400 KMS
NR
NER
AURAIYA
MALANPUR
500
MW
500
MW
SAHUPURI
SASARAM
DEHRI
VINDHYACHAL
KORBA
BONGAIGAON
ER
BUDHIPADAR
CHANDRAPUR
WR
BIRPARA
MALDA
TALCHER
ORISSA)
1000
MW
BALIMELA
500
MW
KOLHAPUR
U.SILERU
GAZUWAKA
EXISTING
BELGAUM
UNDER
CONST.
EXISTING
KOLAR
220 kV
HVDC STATION
&
P
EE
DW
HA
N
ANDAMA
R
NICOBA
KS
LA
SR(KARNATAKA)
400 kV
82
TALCHER KOLAR LINK





ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE
WORLD
DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW
COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE
NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN
REGION
COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF
SCHEDULE
THE PROJECT HAS USED
APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF
STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES
83



TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINK
BENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGION
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE
PROFILE FOR THE REGION.
TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED
TRANSFER MARGIN.
MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW






MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET.
DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING CONSERVED.
AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN
SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER STATIONS IN
EASTERN REGION
INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS
84
TALCHER-KOLAR
IMPORT OF 12728MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO OCT-04
2002
YEAR --->
2003
2004
TOTAL
ENERGY
(IN MU)
MAX FLOW
(IN MW)
TOTAL
ENERGY
(IN MU)
MAX
FLOW
(IN MW)
TOTAL
ENERGY
(IN MU)
MAX
FLOW (IN
MW)
JAN
---
---
311
850
805
1528
FEB
---
---
273
1010
701
1508
MAR
---
---
491
1316
837
1600
APR
---
---
473
1183
923
1500
MAY
---
---
172
1026
652
1385
JUN
---
---
277
994
688
1416
JUL
---
---
319
1075
759
1490
AUG
---
---
346
1088
628
1341
SEP
6
200
512
1533
742
1552
OCT
58
500
508
1458
829
1550
NOV
77
500
470
1048
DEC
241
750
630
1383
TOTAL
382
MONTHS
MAX
4782
750
7564
1533
1600
85
86
Ex-Bus Capacity under requisitioned / underutilised in Gas and Nuclear stations
(during the week 6th Oct to 12th Oct 2003)
On 9th Oct 2003
f < 49.0 Hz = 1.56 % of time
f < 49.5 Hz = 15.35 % of time
f < 50.0 Hz = 81.01 % of time
f < 50.5 Hz = 99.90 % of time
700
600
Megawatts
500
180
180
180
175
114
120
124
121
116
91
96
96
100
96
96
60
59
60
60
50
60
58
121
121
121
128
126
123
128
06.10.2003
07.10.2003
08.10.2003
09.10.2003
10.10.2003
11.10.2003
12.10.2003
180
180
180
113
113
91
400
300
200
100
0
Dadri (L)
Anta (L)
Aurya (L)
NAPS
RAPS
87
RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON
LEVEL IN
MTS
LEVEL
30-Nov-03
LEVEL
30-Nov-04
ENERGY
30-Nov-03
ENERGY
30-Nov-04
JALAPUT
837.48
836.17
514
440
LINGANMAKKI
545.35
548.61
2148
SUPA
534.73
545.48
IDUKKI
715.65
KAKKI
969.19
RISE IN
MU
%
RISE
74
-14
2708
560
26
1062
1787
725
68
772.96
947
1413
466
49
972.43
528
612
84
16
NILGIRIS
559
1463
904
162
TOTAL
5758
8423
2665
46
-
• Only 7500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (6 Months)
• 40 MUs/day could be generated as against about 70 MUs/day at present.
88
GRID OPERATION:
A TIGHT ROPE WALK
89