Chapter 7 Agriculture and Rural
Geography
Haley Claunch
Tessa Drews
Alexandra Nelson
Main Topics
• Historical Geography of Agriculture
• Geography of Modern Agriculture
• Agriculture and the Environment
Terms to know
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Agribusiness
Agriculture
Animal husbandry
Biotechnology
Capital-intensive agriculture
Commercial agricultural economy
Dairying
Desertification
Domestication
Extensive agriculture
Feedlots
Fertile Crescent
Genetically modified organisms
Green Revolution
Hunting and gathering
Industrial Revolution
Intensive cultivation
Labor-intensive agriculture
Terms continued…
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Livestock ranching
Mechanization
Mediterranean agriculture
Pastoralism
Pesticides
Planned agricultural economy
Plantations
Salinization
Shifting cultivation
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Specialty crops
Subsistence agricultural economy
Swidden
Topsoil loss
Transhumance
Urban sprawl
Von Thunen model
Helpful websites
• http://www.missmaggie.org/geospy_files/geospy.html
• Http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/Controller.jpf
• http://www.studystack.com/
Quiz Show
What are the three sectors of primary economic
activities and which sector does agriculture
belong in?
Agriculture is the deliberate tending of crops and
livestock in order to produce food and fiber.
One of the major migrations involved with
agriculture was early Asia to Australia, the
Middle East, Europe and Africa
What are the changes that resulted from the
Neolithic revolution?
According to Carl Sauer, the earliest form of
plant cultivation was seed agriculture
When and where did the second agricultural
revolution begin?
It intensified agriculture by promoting higher
yields per acre and per farmer
Farmers in less developed countries usually
produce food through what type of agriculture?
Agriculture and Rural Geography
Shifting Cultivation
The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of
suburbs, and developing over fertile lands
Specialty Crops
Land that is prepared for agriculture by
using the slash-and-burn method
Swidden
The use of tropical forest clearings for crop
production until their fertility is lost
Transhumance
Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples which
are produced in developing countries for export
Urban Sprawl
The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of
suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land
In what ways can subsistence agriculture and
commercial agriculture be compared?
The sub regions for subsistence farming include
intensive subsistence, shifting cultivation and
pastoral nomadism
What are the sub regions for commercial
agriculture?
Von Thunen identified market gardening and
dairy, forest, field crops and animal grazing as
the four rings that surround market centers
What are the two main patterns of settlement?
The different building materials for houses
include wood, brick, stone, wattle, thatch and sod
Agriculture and Rural Geography
agriculture
All agricultural activity generated for the
purpose of selling
Animal husbandry
A form of technology that uses living organisms to
modify products or for other purposes
biotechnology
Art and science of producing food from the land and
tending livestock for human consumption
Capital intensive agriculture
Agricultural activities associated with the raising of domesticated animals
such as cattle, horses, sheep and goats
Commercial agricultural economy
Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods to
produce large amounts of agricultural goods
The village forms include round villages, walled
villages, grid villages, linear villages, and cluster
villages
When did the third agricultural revolution begin
and is this still occurring today?
Agriculture and Rural Geography
Desertification
Domestication
The development of higher yield crops through increased technology,
pesticides, and fertilizers for specific reasons
A system characterized by low inputs of
labor per unit land area
Extensive Agriculture
The process by which formerly fertile lands become
increasingly arid and desert-like
Feedlots
The conscious manipulation of plant and animal species
by humans in order to sustain themselves
Green Revolution
Places where livestock are concentrated in very small
areas and raised on hormones and hearty grains
What are some environmental impacts of modern
agriculture?
What are some of the strategies used to ensure
and improve the production and distribution of
adequate food products around the world?
Agriculture and Rural Geography
Intensive Cultivation
An economy found in communist nations in which the government controls
both agricultural production and distribution
Labor-intensive Agriculture
Agricultural activity that involves the raising
of livestock over vast geographic space
Livestock Ranching
Any agricultural activity that involves effective and
efficient use of labor on small plots of land
Pastoralism
Agriculture that requires large levels of
manual labor to be successful
Planned Agricultural Economy
Agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of
livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter
"Flashcards." Flashcards. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://www.studystack.com/>.
"Geospy." Geospy. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://www.missmaggie.org/geospy_files/geospy.html>.