Name___________________________________
AP HuG/Period ______
Chapter 10- Agriculture
Key Terms
Agriculture
Primary economic activities
Secondary economic activities
Tertiary economic activities
Carl Sauer
Plant domestication
First Agricultural Revolution
Subsistence agriculture
Shifting cultivation
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Second Agricultural Revolution
Von Thünen model
Third Agricultural Revolution/Green
Revolution
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Commercial agriculture
Industrial agriculture
Plantation agriculture
Livestock ranching
Mediterranean agriculture
Agribusiness
Mixed farming
Intensive agriculture
Extensive agriculture
Pastoral nomadism
Key Concepts
To ensure that you are prepared for this exam you should be able to:
1. Identify the locations of the key agricultural hearths (e.g., Fertile Crescent, Ethiopia, Nile
Valley, Meso America, Southeast Asia, China).
2. Describe the distribution of agriculture on the surface of the Earth.
3. Explain the relationship between agricultural land use and the physical environment (e.g.,
climate, topography, availability of water resources, soil structure).
4. Identify crops cultivated in each of the following types of agriculture: subsistence,
plantation, and commercial.
5. Identify the different types of subsistence agriculture and the methods each uses (e.g.,
shifting, pastoral nomadism, intensive subsistence with and without rice).
6. Identify the different types of commercial agriculture and describe the methods each uses
(e.g., plantation, dairying, truck farming).
7. Identify similarities and differences between agricultural patterns in developed and
developing countries (e.g., size of farm, who gets the output, type of agriculture, degree
of mechanization, percentage of people engaged in agriculture, agricultural methods,
degree of environmental manipulation).
8. Identify the factors that contribute to crop selection (e.g., experience of farmer, distance
from market, fertility of soil, perishability of product, market price, and cultural
considerations such as food taboos).
9. Justify or refute the use of the term "agricultural revolution."
10. Assess the effects of the "green revolution" (e.g., biotechnology).
11. Assess the environmental consequences of agricultural practices (e.g., monoculture,
extensive use of chemicals, overgrazing, crop rotation).
12. Evaluate the application of Von Thunen's model to selected case studies.
13. Describe the alternative uses of rural land (e.g., recreation, residential and commercial
development, infrastructure, landfills, dumping, parks and wildlife reserves, designated
wilderness areas, and unused areas).
Name___________________________________
AP HuG/Period ______