Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Computer Filename: pkvsek.ppt
Hugh B. Fackrell
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Presentation Outline
Major Groups of Organisms
 Classification of Organisms
 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
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Background Terms & Concepts
Proteins
 Membranes (membr.ppt)
 Formation of lipid bilayers (membr.ppt)
 Prokaryotes
 Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
 Evolution of eukaryotes
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Cell
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Basic unit of all
organisms in the
various kingdoms
Cell membrane
Protoplasm
Genetic information
DNA & RNA
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Major Groups of Organisms
Plants
 Animals
 Fungi
 Protista
 Prokaryotes
 Viruses
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Major Groups of Organisms
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Plants:
– photosynthetic, inorganic food
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Animals:
– non photosynthetic, organic food
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Major Groups of Organisms
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Fungi:
– non photosynthetic, organic food,
– microscopic, filamentous
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Subgroups
– Yeasts
– True fungi
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molds,rusts, smuts, mushrooms
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Protista
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Microscopic eukaryotes
– Food organic or inorganic
– Some photosynthetic
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Examples
– Slime molds
– Algae
– Protozoa
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Prokaryotes
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Characteristics
– No nucleus or nuclear membrane
– Microscopic
– Food organic or inorganic
– Some photosynthetic
 Bacteria
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Cyanobacteria
Eubacteria
 Archaea
(archaebacteria)
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Viruses
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Non cellular
– Reproduce only in living host cells
– Food from living cells
– By infection only
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ONE nucleic acid
– DNA viruses
– RNA viruses
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Protective protein coat
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Viroids
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Special subgroup of viruses that lack
the protective protein coat
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Prions
Mad cow disease, scrapie
 “Infectious” proteins
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– genetically coded by animal
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2 configurations of same protein
– One form harmless
– Second form pathologic
– Pathological configuration acts as a
template to convert harmless form
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Classification of Organisms
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From Fossil Record & Morphology
– Five Kingdoms- plants, animals,fungi ,
protistia, prokaryotes
– Prokaryotes - Eubacteria, Archeobacteria
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From Cellular organization
– Three kingdoms- Eubacteria,
Archaebacteria, Eukaryotes
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Empires
Level of organization above the
kingdom level
 Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria)
 Bacteria ( formerly Eubacteria)
 Eucarya (plants, animals, protista,
fungi)
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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
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Prokaryotes
No nuclear
membrane
DNA in ONE
molecule free in
cytoplasm
No membrane
bound organelles
No cytoskeleton
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Eukaryotes
Nuclear membrane
DNA organized in
several molecules
(chromosomes)
Many different
membrane bound
organelles
Cytoskeleton
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Prokaryotes (details)
Size:1-10 m
 Flagella: simple, 2 proteins
 Capsule: extracellular polymer
 Cell wall: usual, complex
 Plasma membrane: no carbohydrates or sterols
 Ribosomes: small(70S)
 Cell division: binary fission
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Eukaryotes (details)
Size:10-100 m
 Flagella: Complex, many microtublules
 Capsule: none
 Cell wall: if present chemically simple
 Plasma membrane:Sterols & carbohydrates
 Ribosomes: large (80S) in cytoplasm
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– small(70S) in organelles
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Cell division: mitosis
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Summary
Simple cells
 Single circular chromosome
 1-2 microns in size
 few internal compartments or
organelles
 Complex Cell Wall common
 Cell wall unique
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