Bellringer: Check DR
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1-B
2-C
3- building materials
4- weathering
5- sediment
6- erosion
7- deposition
8- minerals
9- uplift
10- surface
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11- C
12- E
13- A
14- B
15- D
16- C
17- A
18- A
19- D
20- C
21- A
22- D
23- A
Rock Cycle
What is a rock?

A rock is a mixture of minerals, rock fragments,
volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural
materials.
 Most rock used for building stone contains one or
more common minerals, called rock-forming
minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, mica, or calcite.
• When you look closely, the sparkles you see are
individual crystals of minerals.
What is the difference between a
rock & a mineral?

Minerals are solid,
naturally occurring,
inorganic, have a
fixed composition
and are made of
one or more
elements.
 Rocks are made of
one or more
minerals.
Made of
elements
Must be
inorganic
Made only of
compounds
Elements must be
chemically bonded
Naturally
occurring
Solid
Can be made
from organic
materials
Can be made
of lava/
magma
Mixtures
made of
minerals
Have
crystals
Can be
Can be
formed from
solutions
man made
Rock Types
Sedimentary

Metamorphic
There are three
types of rocks
Igneous
What is the rock cycle?

To show how rocks slowly change through
time, scientists have created a model called the
rock cycle.
 It illustrates the processes that create and
change rocks.
Rock Cycle Continued

The rock cycle shows the three types of
rock— igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary—and the processes that form
them.
Rock Cycle
explains
how Rocks and Natural Processes
are related
The
Sedimentary
weathering
Metamorphic
Igneous
Igneous Rocks
 Formed by the cooling and hardening of hot
molten rock.
 If the molten rock is located within Earth it is
called magma.
 If the molten rock reaches the surface and exits
through volcanoes, it is then referred to as lava.
 Two classifications of Igneous rock;
1) Plutonic (intrusive) – forms from magma.
2) Volcanic (extrusive) – forms from lava.
Sedimentary Rocks
 Rock formed when the weathered products of
pre-existing rocks have been transported, deposited,
and compacted or cemented into solid rock.
 Usually formed in marine (water) environments
where sediment is deposited by streams and rivers.
 Most of Earth’s crust (95%) is igneous rock but the
surface is covered by sedimentary rocks.
 Three classifications of Sedimentary Rocks;
1) Clastic
2) Chemical
3) Organic
Metamorphic Rocks
 Rock formed below Earth’s surface when pre-existing
rock is altered by heat, pressure, and chemically
active fluids.
 Metamorphism changes rocks in size, shape, texture,
and the minerals they contain.