English 21, Ms. Brown
Presentation Outline
Outline
 What are nouns and gerunds?
 What are verbs and infinitives?
 What are subjects and verbs?
 What is an article?
 What is an adjective?
Parts of Speech, Part 1
What are nouns and gerunds?
Noun
5 Types of Nouns
 Person
 Concrete nouns are nouns that
 Place
 Thing

 Idea



can be touched or held in some
way.
Proper nouns are nouns with
official names.
Pronouns are words that
replace a noun.
Abstract nouns are nouns that
represent ideas that are not
touched or held.
Gerunds (a type of noun) are
verbs with the –ing suffix; this
noun becomes a thing.
Concrete Nouns
Proper Nouns
Subject Pronouns
I
You
He
She
We
They
It
Abstract Nouns
Peace, love, intelligence, beauty….how can we define these things?
What are nouns and gerunds?
Gerunds
 Running is good exercise.
 Run is a verb turned into a
thing (noun).
 Laughing is healthy for the
soul.
 Laugh is a verb turned into a
thing (noun).
Can you think of any other
gerunds?
Apples to Apples
Dice Game Rules
Ms. Brown rolls the green
die and chooses an adjective
based on the letter.
Each group must then write
as many nouns as possible
that fit the adjective in 60
seconds.
The group with the longest
list without error will win a
green apple chip.
The game ends when a group
wins 3 apple chips.
Parts of Speech, Part 1
What are verbs and infinitives?
Verbs
3 Types of Verbs
 Action
 An action verb denotes a
 State of being (Linking)
physical or mental action in
the sentence
 A state of being (linking)
verb leads to a description of
the subject(s)
 A helping verb provides
assistance to an action or
state of being (linking) verb
 Help for another verb
Action Verbs
 I think about work all the time.
 He ran for the bus.
 The dog chased the cat.
 The president and the mayor sponsored a fundraising
event.
 The school opens doors for everyone.
 She looked at the sky.
State of Being Verbs (Linking)
 I am tired.
 He looks like someone I know.
 The dog is smelly.
 The president and the mayor are leaders in the
community.
 My potato chips are stale.
 She smells like flowers.
Helping Verbs
 I will go to school tomorrow.
 The Dodgers are looking good this season.
 You should annotate your readings.
 He was running before he fell.
 We are hoping for a positive result.
 She is studying.
What are verbs and
infinitives?
An infinitive is a
special type of word
that uses the word “to”
in front of a verb.
Note that infinitives
can NEVER function
as the verb in a
sentence.
 He wants to jog in the
morning.
 I hope to read my notes
tonight.
 Americans hope to see the
economy improve.
 It was her idea to invite our
boss to the party.
Parts of Speech, Part 1
What are subjects and verbs?
Subjects
Examples
 Nouns
 He is running for mayor.
 Gerunds
 Drinking milk strengthens
 Sometimes infinitives
your bones.
 To learn is important to your
success.
What are subjects and verbs?
 The subject is WHO or WHAT the sentence is about.
 Here’s a tip:
 Read the sentence.
 Turn it into a question.
 The result? Your answer is likely the subject.
 For example:
 My tax dollars support schools.
 What supports schools?
 Dollars (My is a possessive pronoun and tax is an adjective)
What are subjects and verbs?
 Every sentence must have at least 1 subject and 1
verb to be considered complete.
 For example:
 President Farley Herzek enjoys meeting students.
 Anger causes a negative outlook.
 She laughed.
 I cried.
 Breakfast is an important meal.
 Airplanes are noisy.
What are subjects and verbs?
 In some cases, a subject and a verb need an object
(another noun) to make sense and express a
complete thought.
 For example:
 Teachers give. (This thought is incomplete. Teachers
give what?)
 Pets crave. (Again, this is confusing. What do pets
crave?)
Parts of Speech, Part 1
What are articles?
 Interestingly, articles are actually a type of
adjective. The articles are: the, a, an.
 The singer accepted her Grammy.
 A giraffe is tall.
 I ate an apple for breakfast.
Parts of Speech, Part 1
What are adjectives?
 Adjectives are words that ONLY describe nouns.
 Think of our Apples to Apples game…

We started with an adjective (description) and listed items
that matched this description.
 Examples:
 The tall building blocked the hot sun.
 Her red hair is curly.
 Pointy nails are a trend.
 Slow music is soothing.
What are adjectives?
 Adjectives are words that ONLY describe nouns.
 Think of our Apples to Apples game…

We started with an adjective (description) and listed items
that matched this description.
 Examples:
 The tall building blocked the hot sun.
 Her red hair is curly.
 Pointy nails are a trend.
 Slow music is soothing.
Time to practice!
Class work Set #1
Activity 6, pg 230, #1-5
Activity 9, pg 233, #1-5
Due by the END OF
CLASS! This class work
must be turned in by
each person, so do not
use a group sheet.