Angeles University Foundation
Angeles City
College of Allied Medical Professions
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
Health Education
Submitted by:
Punsalan, Denyse Isabel T.
MT3-A
Submitted to:
Sir Richard Ryan Mergal
October 18, 2013
Mini lesson plan:
Subject: Clinical Chemistry
Topic: Venipuncture
Time allotment: 6 hours
Objectives:
Cognitive
Psychomotor
Affective










To define terms related to venipuncture
To identify sites used for venipuncture
To differentiate the additives in the vacutaner tubes from one another
To discuss the steps in venipuncture
To discuss the parts of an evacuated tube system
To assemble the evacuated tube system
To demonstrate how specimens are dispensed in the container
To act respectfully when it comes to performing the procedure
To respond to the needs of the patient
To accept standards regarding certain procedures in the laboratory
Teaching method:
 Discussion – teaching method for the cognitive and affective objectives
 Demonstration – teaching method for the psychomotor objectives
Procedural steps:
Goodmorning! Today I’m going to discuss about venipuncture but first, let me
discuss to you the terms that are related to venipuncture. First would be phlebotomy,
when we talk of phlebotomy, it is the process of collecting blood but when we talk of
venipuncture, it is a process wherein blood is collected through a needle inserted into a
vein. So the difference between phlebotomy and venipuncture is that venipuncture is
concentrated into a vein but when we talk of phlebotomy, it could either be through a
vein, through capillary puncture or any method that is related to collecting blood.
The next thing I’m going to discuss would be the ideal sites of puncture. There are
three sites which can be punctured, first would be the median then the cephalic and
lastly, the basilic vein. The median cubital is located at the center of the antecubital
fossa, it is located in the middle. It is the ideal site of puncture because it is least painful
when extracted and doesn’t roll which means it is well anchored. The next one would
be the cephalic vein, it is located outside, it is fairly well anchored and this would be the
most prominent vein in obese patients. Last one would be the basilic vein. It is located
inside, it is not well anchored and it easily rolls.
Order of draw and most common additives:
Stopper color Additive
Yellow
SPS (Sodium Polyanethol
sulfonate)
ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)
Light blue
Sodium Citrate
Red
None
Green
Lithium/Sodium Heparin
Lavender
EDTA (Ethylene diamine
tetraacetic acid)
Gray
Oxalate
Department
Microbiology
Bloodbanking/Immunohematology
Coagulation
Chemistry, BB, Serology/Immunology
Chemistry
Hematology/Blood banking
Chemistry
Evacuated tube system:
These are the parts of the evacuated system, first would be the multisample needle
which allows multiple collection of blood. The tube end is covered with a sleeve and it
retracts when it penetrates the stopper. It also recovers the needle after the procedure
so that leakage won’t be seen after the procedure. The next part would be the tube
holder, it is a plastic cylinder with a safety device. Some tube holders don’t have a
safety device so if that’s the case, your needle should have the safety device. The last
part would be the evacuated tube, it is more ideal if your patient have many test
requests. It has a pre-measured volume and it sucks the blood according to the volume
indicated in the tube.
Whenever doing the procedure, we should always show respect to the patient. We
should also keep in mind that there are certain conditions that may arise during the
procedure so we should also think about their safety. Some of these conditions or
problems are allergies, excessive bleeding, fainting, nausea, obese patients, pain,
petechiae and seizures or convulsions. We should keep in mind that we should think of
the safety of the patients.
We should also keep in mind that sometimes laboratories have different standards
compared to others. Some laboratories have this kind of standards that doesn’t apply
with another laboratory so we should keep in mind that whenever doing procedures,
we should have the knowledge and skills that we need but when it comes to other
things like processing time or the operating time of the machines, they may not the
same with what we have used to do so we should be knowledgeable with those kinds
of things. We should also respect and follow them.
Some of the precautionary measures that should be observed are the following:
 Know the test being requested by the patient so you would be able to
prepare your materials
 Prepare materials ahead of time
 Ask his/her name and it shouldn’t be a confirmatory question that can be
answered by yes or no
 Always sanitize your hands before and after the procedure
 Ask if the patient had any history of allergies to latex or disinfectants
After doing the precautionary measures, start the procedure by sanitizing your
hands. Apply the tourniquet and make your patient close his/his fist, palpate and
choose your best site of puncture. Do not use your thumb because it has a pulse.
Remove the tourniquet, sterilize the site. Arrange the syringe, make sure it is well
anchored and it has no air inside. Place the tourniquet, place your gloves and palpate
your chosen site again and do not touch the surface you’ve sterilized. Then do the
puncture procedure and when blood is already seen in the tip of the syringe, gently pull
the plunger and keep your eyes on the needle. After, remove the tourniquet open
his/her fist and remove the syringe from the puncture site. Place the dry cotton and
apply pressure.
After obtaining blood sample, this would be how the specimens would be
dispensed. First, remove the needle from the barrel of the syringe and place the needle
in the sharps container. Open the vacutainer tube and carefully dispense the blood.
Dispense it at the sides of the tubes and not directly because if that’s your way of
dispensing, your blood sample might hemolyze. Label the tube with the proper
information needed. Do the processing of the specimen. That’s all, thank you!
Method of evaluation: Post test
I.
Match the color of the stopper tube with their additives. Write the letter of your
answer before the number.
II.
1. Light blue
A. SPS or ACD
2. Gray
B. No additive
3. Yellow
C. Lithium/Sodium Heparin
4. Red
D. Oxalate
5. Green
E. Sodium Citrate
Modified true or false. Write true if the statement is true and if false, change the
highlighted word with the appropriate term to correct the sentence.
1. The ideal site of puncture for obese patients would be the basilic vein.
2. Phlebotomy is any procedure related to collecting blood.
3. The multisample needle is a plastic cylinder with a safety device.
4. The median cubital vein is located at the center of the brachial fossa.
5. The syringe system is preferred if the patient have many test requests.
6. In the usual order of draw, the red top would be followed by the
yellow tube.
7. You can discard the needle together with the barrel of the syringe.
III.
Transcribe
1. SPS
2. ACD
3. EDTA
IV.
Enumerate the correct arrangement of the tubes in multisample collection. Write
only the color of the stopper. (6 points)
1.
2.
V.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Enumerate some precautionary measures to be observed while performing the
venipuncture procedure (before, during or after the procedure)
1.
2.
3.
4.
ANSWER KEY
I.
II.
Match the color of the stopper tube with their additives. Write the letter of your
answer before the number.
E
1. Light blue
A. SPS or ACD
D
2. Gray
B. No additive
A
3. Yellow
C. Lithium/Sodium Heparin
B
4. Red
D. Oxalate
C
5. Green
E. Sodium Citrate
Modified true or false. Write true if the statement is true and if false, change the
highlighted word with the appropriate term to correct the sentence.
Cephalic
True
1. The ideal site of puncture for obese patients would be the basilic
vein.
2. Phlebotomy is any procedure related to collecting blood.
Tube holder
3. The multisample needle is a plastic cylinder with a safety device.
Antecubital
4. The median cubital vein is located at the center of the brachial
fossa.
Evacuated tube 5. The syringe system is preferred if the patient have many test
requests.
Green
6. In the usual order of draw, the red top would be followed by the
yellow tube.
Cannot
7. You can discard the needle together with the barrel of the
syringe.
III.
Transcribe
4. SPS- Sodium Polyanethol sulfonate
5. ACD- Acid Citrate Dextrose
6. EDTA- Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
IV.
Enumerate the correct arrangement of the tubes in multisample collection. Write
only the color of the stopper. (6 points)
1. Yellow
V.
2. Light Blue
3. Red
4. Green
5. Lavender
6. Gray
Enumerate some precautionary measures to be observed while performing the
venipuncture procedure (before, during or after the procedure)





Know the test being requested by the patient so you would be able to prepare your materials
Prepare materials ahead of time
Ask his/her name and it shouldn’t be a confirmatory question that can be answered by yes or no
Always sanitize your hands before and after the procedure
Ask if the patient had any history of allergies to latex or disinfectants