Animal Reproduction
Chapter 46
Goals:
• Big Idea #1: Evolution
• Big Ideas #2 & 4: Organization of the human
reproductive system:
– Organ /Organ system level
– Cellular level
– Homeostasis and Feedback
Do all animals
reproduce sexually?
• All animals have a sexual
life cycle.
• Is sex an advantage in good
times or bad?
• Individual animals may
reproduce asexually
– Red Queen Hypothesis
• Hydra (Mastering Biology
Video Clip)
Regulation of hermaphrodites
• What might be altering gene regulation?
Red Queen Hypothesis
Female Reproductive System
• 46.4 Activity on
Mastering Biology
– Know major tissues
– Role of fallopian tubes
in fertilization
– Critical thinking: Why
do fertility rates rise and
fall during the menstral
cycle?
Oogenesis
Hormonal Regulation of Reproduction
• STEROID HORMONES
– Differentiate males and females:
• Estrogen & Testosterone
• PROTEIN HORMONES
– Same structure; different targets in M & F:
• GnRH
• FSH
• LH
Female
Regulation
• How does
hormonal
supplementation
with estrogen and
progesterone act
as birth control?
Male Reproductive System
• Mastering Biology:
– Know major tissues
– Role of the testis and
structure meets function
Critical thinking: Why
does a vasectomy
drastically reduce the
chance of fertility?
Spermatogenesis
Male
Regulation
How would
anabolic
steroids affect
negative
feedback?
Combining of male and female
gametes
How is
apoptosis
activated to
prevent
double
fertiization?
Regulation of Birth and Milk
Production
• What type of
feedback is
this?
• Why is this type
of feedback
useful?
• How could this
system be used
to induce labor?
Biotechnology
• Discussion: In what
ways is biotechnology
introducing a “Brave
New World” of
Reproduction?
• What are the ethical
implications?
Formative Assessment
• How does the organization of either the male
or female reproductive system aid in its
function?
• How is reproduction regulated and how can
this regulation be affected?
• Is sex always an advantage? When might it
not be an advantage for an animal to
reproduce sexually?