Structures of the
lymphatic system
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
1
The Lymphatic System
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
1- Fluid Balance (Lymph acts an intermediary between blood in
capillaries and interstitial tissue/cells and lymph vessels transport excess
fluid back into blood.)
2-Lymphocyte Production (Lymph
Nodes, Spleen and Thymus)
3-Filtration (Lymph Nodes/Tonsils)
4-Immunity
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
2
The Lymphatic System
Immunity
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Natural Immunity
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Acquired Immunity
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Passive Acquired Immunity
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Complete
Immunity Notes
Handout
Active Acquired Immunity
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Natural Acquired Immunity
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Artificial Acquired Immunity
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2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Immunity
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Sometimes pathogens and foreign invaders penetrate a person’s first
line of defense; unbroken skin—the body’s ability to resist these
invaders and diseases they cause is
called Immunity.
2 general types are:
Natural Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Think about how
sneezing relates to
2.04 Understand the functions and
immunity. disorders of the lymphatic system
4
The Lymphatic System
Natural immunity
The immunity you are naturally born with
(unbroken skin, secretions, mucus, tears,
WBCs, inflammatory response.)
Acquired Immunity
When body encounters foreign invaders it creates a
substance to fight it (antibody)and tries to make itself
permanently resistant to invader. Develops over lifetime
May be passive or active
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
5
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Passive
Borrowed immunity
Acquired artificially by injecting antibodies from the blood of
other people or animals into a person’s
body to protect them from a specific disease
produces immediate immunity that lasts only
from 3-5 weeks, then the antibodies are
inactivated by person’s own immune system.
Provides immediate temporary protection
Ex: baby acquires PAI at birth &
2.04 Understand the functions and
6
from breastfeeding. disorders of the lymphatic system
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active
Lasts longer
2 types of Active Acquired Imm.
1) Natural
2) Artificial
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active Natural
Result of having had and recovered from a disease
As the body produces antibodies to combat future infection
Ex: Chicken Pox
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
8
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active Artificial
Inoculation; receiving vaccine gives person a
mild form of the disease so
they can create antibodies to
fight future infection.
Ex: Hepatitis B, Measles,
Mumps, Rubella, Varicella
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2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity
Active Artificial
Should immunizations be
required?
Why or why not?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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Structures of the
lymphatic system
Lymph fluid-similar to plasma
• straw-colored
• clear
• tissue fluid
• Carries digested
food, O2, and
hormones to tissue
cells.
- Carries wastes (CO2, &
urea) from tissue cells back
to capillaries for excretion.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
• parallel to blood
vessels
• No pump, so
transports lymph
• by pushing it thru
vessels via
contraction of
skeletal muscles
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
• Lacteals
• Specialized
lymph
vessels in the
small
intestines
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph surrounding tissue cells enters
small lymph vessels—which join to form
larger lymph vessels (lymphatics)
eventually forming 2 main Lymphatics
• Thoracic duct
• AKA called the Left
Lymphatic duct
• receives lymph from
the left side, abdomen,
empties into heart
• Right Lymphatic duct
o receives lymph from R
arm, upper R side head and
upper trunk empties into
heart
• Lymph flows only in one
direction-from body organs to
• the Heart. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
15
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
• tiny, oval-shaped
structures
• range in size from a
pinhead to an
almond
Lymph node
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the
lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Acts as a filter for pathogens
or foreign substances,
produces lymphocytes (WBCs)
which enter blood stream and
produce antibodies.
Can become inflamed if large
qty harmful substances cannot
be destroyed by lymphocytes.
Found in clusters in axillary
(armpit), cervical, groin, and
abdominal areas.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the
lymphatic system
Tonsils-Lymph Nodes
•
•
3 pairs
masses of lymphatic
tissue
1.
Palatine tonsils
sides of throat
2. Adenoids
•
upper throat
•
(pharynx)
3. Lingual tonsils
•
back of tongue
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the
lymphatic system
Since Tonsils are lymph nodes, they play an
Important part in our
immunity.
Tonsils get smaller as
person ages. “Why?”
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the
lymphatic system
Spleen
• Sac-like mass
• Largest lymphatic
• Located in the LUQ
• Stores RBCs
• Destroys old RBCs
• Forms WBCs
• Filters blood
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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Structures of the
lymphatic system
Thymus gland
•
•
•
•
located in the upper,
anterior chest
also an endocrine
gland (secretes
hormones)
Produces lymphocytes
Large in children, gets
smaller as age 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
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
Lymphatic System Diseases/Disorders
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Hypersensitivity/Allergic-When body’s immune
system fails to protect itself against foreign
materials, anti-bodies form and cause irritation;
rash, sneezing, etc… Occurs in people who are
hypersensitive/allergic to allergens such as grass,
animals, medicines, foods, bees, etc..
Tx: stay away from allergens, or take
the stuctures of the
antihistamines 2.03 Remember
22
lymphatic system

The Lymphatic System
Anaphylactic shock
Severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction to
an allergen. Result of an antigen-antibody
reaction that causes massive release of
histamines (increases secretions)
 What are the symptoms?
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breathing problems (dyspnea), hypotension,
headache, facial swelling, stomach cramps, vomiting
Treatment? EpiPen
injection of Adrenalin/
Antihistamine 2.04 Understand the functions and

disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Blood-borne pathogen that destroys
lymphocytes of body’s immune system
 No sxs or may have mild flu-like sxs that
disappear within a week that may not occur for
another 10 years or more.
Transmitted thru blood, sex,
In utero to babies, and sharing of
IV drugs. No treatment/cure!
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2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)- Text 321-324
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgcQfIt1kqw
What is the history of the disease?
Give a description of the disease:
What is the incubation period?
What are the symptoms?
What is the treatment?
Prognosis?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Cancer
What is cancer?
Who gets cancer?
Why is it included in the
lymphatic system?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Hodgkin’s disease
What is Hodgkin’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Who is most likely to develop
Hodgkin’s disease?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
27
The Lymphatic System
Infectious mononucleosis
What is mononucleosis
most often called?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
28
The Lymphatic System
Lupus erythematosus
What is the classic symptom of
lupus?
What other symptoms might
present?
How is lupus managed?
What is the prognosis?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
29
The Lymphatic System
Lymphadenitis
What is it?
Lymph aden itis
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Lymphedema
What is it?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Scleroderma
What is it?
What causes it?
What are some complications of
scleroderma?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Tonsillitis
What are the symptoms?
What are the usual
treatments?
Why would you have
your tonsils removed?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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