Honors Foreign Policy
WWII TO VIETNAM
End of WWII U.S.
 Heightened Industrial Capacity
 U.S. Economy Strengthened by War
 Military forces in W. Europe and East Asia
 Rapid demobilization of military and cuts in
defense spending
 No policy to deal with Soviet Aggression
End of WWII Soviet Union
 Military forces in Eastern Europe and Korea
 Parts of Russia destroyed
 Installation of communist governments in
Eastern Europe
 Rising Soviet influence in Middle East and
Asia
Why did Stalin distrust the U.S.?
Communism vs. Capitalism
D-Day postponed until 1944
Western powers helped White
Russians during Russian Revolution
Formation of United Nations
 Founded in 1945, to replace League of
Nations
 To
maintain international peace and security
 To take effective collective measures for the
prevention and removal of threats to the peace
 To develop friendly relations among nations
Truman Doctrine (1947)
 The U.S. could survive only in a world in which
freedom flourished
 Provided military and economic aid to countries
threatened by communist aggression
 U.S. appropriated $400 million for economic aid and
military supplies for Turkey and Greece
Containment
 George Kennan formulated the policy of
containment
 A long term policy to counter Soviet aggression
 The U.S. must make it difficult for the Soviet Union
to expand its power through diplomatic, economic,
and military means
 The U.S. is more favorably positioned for a long term
struggle because it controls more centers of industry
National Security Act
National Security
Council
Department of
Defense
NSA
Central Intelligence
Agency
Iron Curtain Europe
Trade and Economics
Bretton Woods System
Marshall Plan
European Union
Bretton Woods System
 Promoted liberal economic system in the world
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based on open markets
Created two institutions to promote economic
growth among market economies
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (World Bank)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), governs
currency exchanges and provides credits for shortterm currency crises
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Marshall Plan
European Union
Fear of rising German power
Supranational organization to control German
power
European Coal and Steel Community
European Union
European Union
Political Organizations
NATO
SEATO
Warsaw Pact
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization founded in
1949
 Organization to promote collective self defense
 Signatories included U.S., Canada, and most of
Western Europe
 Soviet Union responded with Warsaw Pact
comprised of the Soviet Union and 7 satellite states
in Eastern Europe
World Events
Berlin Blockade
Chinese Revolution
Korean War
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Blockade
Chinese Revolution
 In 1949, Chinese communist forces under Mao
Zedong take control of China after a long civil war
 Nationalist forces under Chiang Kai Shek retreat to
Taiwan and call it the Republic of China
 U.S. recognizes the Republic of China as the
legitimate government of China
 Mao and Stalin grow to distrust each other
Chinese Revolution
Communist
Forces
Nationalist
Forces
Mao
Zedong
Chiang
Kai Shek
Mainland
China
Taiwan
Korean War
Korean War
Korean War
Decolonization and Conflict
Vietnam
Algeria
India
Domino Theory
Third World Conflicts
• Operation
Ajax, 1953
• Lumumba,
1961
• Cuban
Revolution,
1959
Iran
Congo
Cuba
Third World Conflicts
• Jacobo
Arbenz
overthrown
in coup, 1954
• Somoza
Regime and
Sandinistas
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Iran
 Iranian Coup was the overthrow of the
democratically elected government of Iran in 1953
 Government of the United States and United
Kingdom engineered the coup with help of CIA
 Prime Minister Mosaddegh was replaced by U.S.
backed Shah
 Mosaddegh wanted to nationalize the oil industry
Congo
 Independent from Belgium in 1960
 Patrice Lumumba first Prime Minister
 Soon after independence civil war breaks out
 Belgium and U.S. support opposition parties
because they believe Lumumba will ally with Soviet
Union
 Belgium supports arrest and assassination of
Lumumba with U.S. knowledge
Cuba
 Cuban Revolution by Fidel Castro 1959
 Overthrew
U.S. supported Batista regime
 Turned to Soviet Union for support
 Bay of Pigs
 April 1961, U.S. supported and trained
Cuban exiles invade Cuba
 They are defeated in 3 days
Cuba
 Cuban Missile Crisis
 October
1962, U.S. discovers Soviet Union
is building missile bases in Cuba for 70
short and intermediate range ballistic
missiles that carry nuclear warheads
Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy
What
Happened
Compromise
Blockade
Air Strikes
Deactivation
Khrushchev
Construct
Missile sites
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
Nuclear Deterrence
 Supported by Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles
 The U.S. would not use nuclear weapons first, they
would only use them to retaliate
 Nuclear weapons used to deter Soviet attack
 Nuclear weapons could replace more expensive
conventional forces that cost more to train and
maintain
 Nuclear forces deployed in “triad”, ground,
aircraft, and submarines
Truman Administration
Policies and Actions
Truman
Doctrine
Berlin Airlift
Marshall
Plan
Bretton
Woods
Containment
National
Security Act
Eisenhower Administration
Policies and Actions
Domino
Theory
CIA Coups
Eisenhower
Doctrine
Bay of Pigs
Nuclear
Deterrence
Kennedy Administration
Policies and Actions
Peace Corps
Berlin Wall
Bay of Pigs
Cuban
Missile Crisis
Support of
South
Vietnam