Handout Manajemen Keuangan
Inventory & Account Receivable
Management
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Types of inventory costs
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Carrying costs – storage and handling costs,
insurance, property taxes, depreciation, and
obsolescence.
Ordering costs – cost of placing orders, shipping, and
handling costs.
Costs of running short – loss of sales or customer
goodwill, and the disruption of production schedules.
Reducing the average amount of inventory generally
reduces carrying costs, increases ordering costs, and
may increase the costs of running short.
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Types of inventory costs
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SKI’s inventory turnover (4.82) is considerably
lower than the industry average (7.00). The firm
is carrying a lot of inventory per dollar of sales.
By holding excessive inventory, the firm is
increasing its costs, which reduces its ROE.
Moreover, this additional working capital must be
financed, so EVA is also lowered.
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If SKI reduces its inventory, without adversely affecting
sales, what effect will this have on the cash position?
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Short run: Cash will increase as inventory
purchases decline.
Long run: Company is likely to take steps to
reduce its cash holdings and increase its EVA.
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Accounts Receivable Management
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ARs result from credit sales. The period is the
average length of time firm a sale on credit until
the payment becomes usable funds for the firm.
5
Accounts Receivable Management
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SKI’s DSO (45.6 days) is well above the industry
average (32 days).
SKI’s customers are paying less promptly.
SKI should consider tightening its credit policy in
order to reduce its DSO.
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Elements of credit policy
1.
2.
3.
4.
Credit Period – How long to pay? Shorter period
reduces DSO and average A/R, but it may discourage
sales.
Cash Discounts – Lowers price. Attracts new
customers and reduces DSO.
Credit Standards – Tighter standards tend to reduce
sales, but reduce bad debt expense. Fewer bad debts
reduce DSO.
Collection Policy – How tough? Tougher policy will
reduce DSO but may damage customer relationships.
7
Does SKI face any risk if it tightens its credit
policy?
Yes, a tighter credit policy may discourage sales.
Some customers may choose to go elsewhere if
they are pressured to pay their bills sooner.
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If SKI succeeds in reducing DSO without adversely affecting
sales, what effect would this have on its cash position?
•Short run: If customers pay sooner, this increases
cash holdings.
•Long run: Over time, the company would
hopefully invest the cash in more productive assets,
or pay it out to shareholders. Both of these actions
would increase EVA.
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Receivable Management Example
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McDowell Industries sells on terms of 3/10, net 30.
Total sales for the year are $912,500. 40% percent of
the customers pay on the 10th day and take
discounts; the other 60% pay on average, 40 days
after their purchases
 What is the days sales outstanding?
 What is the average amount of receivables?
 What would happen to average receivables if
McDowell toughed up on its collection policy with
the result that all nondiscount customers paid on
the 30th day?
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Receivable Management Example
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Solution:
0.4(10) + 0.6(40) = 28 days.
$912,500/365 = $2,500 sales per day.
$2,500(28) = $70,000 = Average receivables.
0.4(10) + 0.6(30) = 22 days.
$912,500/365 = $2,500 sales per day.
$2,500(22) = $55,000 = Average receivables.
Sales may also decline as a result of the tighter
credit. This would further reduce receivables. Also,
some customers may now take discounts further
reducing receivables.
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