Agricultural Revolution
Characteristics of a Civilization
1. reliable food source
(agriculture and animals for
food and milk)
2. large cities with
specialization of labor (e.g.,
farmers, craftsmen, priests,
scribes – not just hunters +
gatherers)
3. system of government
with laws, religion and taxes
4. science, architecture, art
and writing
GREECE
• All male citizens regardless
of wealth could participate
• Equal protection under the
law
• All could serve on assembly
• Assembly elects the
generals
• Members served as the
juries
• Could vote to Ostracize
Greek Accomplishments
• Mythology
• Literature – Homer (the
blind poet) wrote the Iliad,
Odyssey
• Architecture
• Democracy
• Olympics
• Philosophy
• Science
• Mathematics
• Astronomy
• Drama
City State
• A city that was it’s own
country.
• It had no connection
with other cities
• Example: The Greek
City-state of Athens
could go to war against
the Greek City- state of
Sparta
1. Why is a democracy 3,000 years ago a big deal?
2. What was an Oligarchy?
4. How were voting members of the Council of 500 elected?
5. What else did these citizens have to participate in?
6. What was a vote of “ostracism”?
9. What was the purpose of Athenian education?
10. What were 4 subjects well-born Athenians were taught?
11. Who were the non-citizens in Athens?
12. What were some things that Athenians produced?
13. How did they get grain for bread?
14. What are artisans?
15. What went on in the Agora (city square)?
16. What did Athenians do for entertainment?
Philosophy:
Greek word origin
Phileo: love
Sophia: wisdom
Greek beliefs:
• A sound mind in a sound
body
• Arete: in its basic sense
means "goodness" or
"excellence" the notion of
the fulfillment of purpose
or function; the act of
living up to one's full
potential
• Virtue
• 1. Darius of Persia attacks Greece
and is defeated at Marathon
• 2. Years later his son Xerxes
comes back and defeats the
Greeks at Thermophylae (300
Spartans) and they burn Athens
• 3. The Greeks fight back and win
a huge final battle at Salamis and
Persia leaves
• 4. Athens then becomes the most
powerful city state in Greece
• 5. Sparta hates Athenian
dominance and then goes to war
and defeats Athens
• 6. Civil War weakens Greece and
it is eventually conquered by
Alexander the Great
Peloponnesian Wars
• Wars between many of
the Greek city-states
• The two leading cities
were
• SPARTA and ATHENS
• SPARTA won!
• As a result all of Greece
was weakened and
eventually conquered by
• Macedonia
Phalanx:
• a military technique
using shields and long
spears. Used by many
of the Greek city-states
Greek Ships: Triremes
Governments
• Monarchy: rule by a
king or a queen –
royal bloodline
• Oligarchy: rule by a
small group of
individuals
• Democracy: rule by
the people. The will
of the majority rules
Good/Bad about Governments
What could be good
about a
What could be bad
about a
Monarchy
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Democracy
Complete these Sentences
A good thing about a monarchy is…
A bad thing about a monarchy is…
A good thing about an oligarchy is…
A bad thing about an oligarchy is…
A bad thing about a democracy is…
A good thing about a democracy is…
Complete these Sentences
Socrates was….
The Socratic Method is…
Plato…
Aristotle…
Ancient Greece had hundreds of Philosophers
but probably the 3 most known philosophers
were
Socrates Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Veteran and stonemason (construction)
Father – drama in his marriage
Didn’t believe in traditional gods
Spent days sitting in the agora (town square
in Athens) simply asking thought-provoking
questions like
“is democracy good” or “is it good to pray”
This method is called the “Socratic Method”
Hundreds showed up to listen to the
discussion
He was put on trial for corrupting the minds
of the youth and disrespecting the gods
A democratic vote by the jurors found him
guilty and he was sentenced to death by
drinking poison hemlock (liquid from a
poisonous plant)
Could’ve escaped but chose to drink the cup
of poison hemlock
PLATO
• Socrates best known student
• Almost all that we know of
Socrates came from the writing of
Plato
• Plato set up a school in Athens
called the Academy – taught
Aristotle
• Wrote books on governments and
society
• Believed that philosopher kings
should rule not democracies
(oligarchy)
• Why do you think Plato thought
that oligarchies were better than
democracies?
•
Today’s Essential questions
• 1. What was the Socratic Method?
• 2. a. what kind of government did Plato think
could rule the best?
• b. what specific event probably shaped his
dislike of democracy
3. What was Aristotle mostly known for?
Aristotle
• Was Plato’s most famous student
• Set up a school in Athens called the
Lyceum
• Wrote volumes of books on all sorts
of topics including science, politics,
astronomy, physics, etc.
• Did much in science by classifying
plants and animals
• Developed a method of logical
scientific reasoning
• Was hired by King Philip of
Macedonia to tutor his son
Alexander (the great)
Athenian Democracy
• All male citizens regardless
of wealth could participate
• Equal protection under the
law
• All could serve on assembly
• Assembly elects the
generals
• Members served as the
juries
• Could vote to Ostracize
• Equal protection
under the Law: • Ostracism: voting to
temporarily kick
someone out of your
city for a certain time
period
• My definition:
everyone (rich and
poor) is treated the
same according to the
written law code
• Essential Question: Why
are people impressed that
• Drew lots ;chosen by
Greeks were using
lot: choosing people the
democracy 2500 years
by random (pulling
ago?
names out of a hat)-
lottery
• Classic: classical:
•
My definition: something so good from the past that
people of today still admire it – i.e. 1957 Chevy , Led
Zeppellin, Tupac Shakur
•
Webster’s Dictionary
–
–
–
• Legacy: Something
Of or relating to the ancient Greeks and handed down from an
Romans, especially their art,
architecture, and literature.
ancestor or a predecessor or
Conforming to the artistic and literary
from the past: a legacy of
models of ancient Greece and Rome.
Of or relating to European music during government by the people
the latter half of the 18th and the early
19th centuries.
•
Philosophy –
•
•
Phileo – love
Sophia- wisdom
•
Love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual
means and moral self-discipline.
2. Investigation of the nature, causes, or
principles of reality, knowledge, or values,
based on logical reasoning rather than
empirical methods.
3. A system of thought based on or involving
such inquiry
•
•
• Essential Question:
Why are the Ancient
Greeks so deserving
of studying?
Philip of Macedonia
Alexander the
Great
Cavalry: soldiers on horseback
Sentence Starter
Alexander the
Great….