INTRODUCTION
TO
PHYSIOLOGY
8/18/2011
DR.SHAFALI SINGH, M.D,
1
Components of the Course
Didactic
Lectures
Small Group
Practicals
Self Study
in
Small Groups
Clinical Case
Discussions
Online
Activities
Required Course Materials
• Lecture Power-point Presentations.(moodle)
• Course Syllabus.
• Small Group Practical & Clinical Case Discussion Handout.
• Textbook and MCQ’s books
Which Textbook ?
Clinical Cases / Labs / Quizzes
• Clinical Cases- reinforce how an understanding of physiology is
important in dealing with clinical conditions.
• Labs - Will carry points for attendance and performance.
• Quizzes – will carry a percentage to the overall scores.
Preview
Overview material to
Master Focus on objectives
Outline your goals
Personal Study
Do study questions or online
Self assessment
Pre-exam
review
Take exam
With confidence
Attend
lecture or
presentation
Personal Study
Define the “big picture”
Take notes for study
Review and compile notes and
goals within 8h of session
List questions or problem areas
for study
Read support material or text
Review objectives in study
group within 1 week
Focus your study group!
- Ask each other questions
- Paraphrase the learning objectives
- Define & clarify most difficult concepts
- List and organize key points
- Suggest applications of concepts in
medical practice
Manage your time!
Policy Regarding Medical Excuses Based on selfreporting by students
Email / Leave application to:
vishal@windsor.edu
shafali@windsor.edu
- Maximum of two such excuses per semester
- Third excuse results in mandatory LOA
Physiology
• Physiology is about the functions of living beings.
• Physiology is also about how the living organism
adjusts to the adversities of the environment- obtain
enough water to live or avoid too much water,
escapes freezing to death or dying from excessive
heat, moves about to find suitable surroundings,
food, and mates- and how it obtains information
about the environment through its senses.
• Physiology is about the regulation of all these
functions.
• Intersection of behavior, ecology, anatomy, evolution,
and immunology.
Classification
Types of physiology
•
Cellular
•
Neurological
•
Comparative
•
Environmental
•
Systemic-Human physiology
Medical physiology concentrates on human physiology
Organization of the human body
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organs systems
Organisms
(Human body)
10
Organ Systems in Review
• Integumentary
• Musculoskeletal
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Reproductive and Urinary
• Circulatory
• Nervous and Endocrine
• Immune
Organ Systems
• 1. Integumentary system
• Components:
• Skin, hair nails, sweat glands,
and sebaceous glands
• Functions:
• Covers and protects the body;
regulate temperature
13
Organ Systems
• 2. Skeletal system
• Components:
• Bones, cartilage, ligaments
• Functions:
• Provides body framework
and support; protects;
attaches muscles to bones;
provides calcium storage
14
Organ Systems
• 3. Muscular system
• Components:
• Muscles
• Functions:
• Produces movement;
maintain posture; provides
heat
15
Organ Systems
• 4. Nervous system
• Components:
• Brain, spinal cord, nerves,
sense receptors
• Functions:
• Coordinates body activities;
receives and transmits
stimuli.
16
Organ Systems
• 5. Endocrine system
• Components:
• Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid,
and other ductless glands
• Functions:
• Regulates metabolic
activities and body
chemistry
17
Organ Systems
• 6. Cardiovascular system
• Components:
• Heart, blood vessels, and
blood
• Functions:
• Transport materials from
one part to another;
defends against disease
18
Organ Systems
• 7. Lymphatic system
• Components:
• Lymph, lymph vessels, and
lymphoid organs
• Functions:
• Returns tissue fluid to the
blood; defends against
disease
19
Organ Systems
• 8. Digestive system
• Components:
• Mouth, esophagus,
stomach, intestine, liver, and
pancreas
• Functions:
• Ingests and digests food;
absorbs nutrients into blood
20
Organ Systems
• 9. Respiratory system
• Components:
• Air passageways and lungs
• Functions:
• Exchanges gases between
blood and external
environment
21
Organ Systems
• 10. Urinary system
• Components:
• Kidneys, ureter, urinary
bladder, urethra
• Functions:
• Excretes metabolic wastes;
regulates fluid balance and
acid-base balance
22
Organ Systems
• 11. Reproductive system
• Components:
• Testes, ovaries, and
accessory organs
• Functions:
• Forms new individuals to
provide continuation of the
animal species
23
Contributing Physiologist
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
WILLIAM HARVEY
JOHANNES MULLER
CLAUDE BERNARD
WALTER CANON
PAVLOV
STARLING
HERMANN HELMHOLTZ